fresh meat packaging - range beef cow …warrie means, un. of wyoming 11/28/17 2017 range beef cow...

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Warrie Means, Un. of Wyoming 11/28/17 2017 Range Beef Cow Symposium, Cheyenne, Wyo. 1 FRESH MEAT PACKAGING Warrie J. Means, PhD Extension Specialist – Meat Science & Applied Food Safety Associate Professor Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Wyoming Goals of Food Packaging Preserve foods Protect foods Prevent contaminaOon of foods Aid consumers in use of product UniOze or Group products Communicate and Educate the Consumer Package/Container Types/Levels Primary Comes in direct contact with food Preformed, e.g. jars, cans, plasOc containers Formed, in-line from roll stock, flat blanks Secondary Outer box or case OXen uniOzes SomeOmes protects primary package, i.e. glass jars TerOary Group several secondary cartons together - pallet loads etc… Goals of Food Packaging – for fresh meat products PRIMARY GOALS Prevent dehydraOon Promote good meat color Prevent contaminaOon - microorganisms Limit gas exchange – H 2 O, O 2 Slow microbial growth SECONDARY GOALS Communicate and Educate the Consumer Product Label NutriOon Label Safe handling label Aid consumers in use of product Cooking/PreparaOon InstrucOons

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Page 1: FRESH MEAT PACKAGING - Range Beef Cow …Warrie Means, Un. of Wyoming 11/28/17 2017 Range Beef Cow Symposium, Cheyenne, Wyo. 1 FRESH MEAT PACKAGING Warrie J. Means, PhD Extension Specialist

WarrieMeans,Un.ofWyoming 11/28/17

2017RangeBeefCowSymposium,Cheyenne,Wyo. 1

FRESH MEAT PACKAGING

WarrieJ.Means,PhDExtensionSpecialist–MeatScience&AppliedFoodSafety

AssociateProfessorDepartmentofAnimalScience

CollegeofAgriculture&NaturalResourcesUniversityofWyoming

Goals of Food Packaging

•  Preservefoods•  Protectfoods•  PreventcontaminaOonoffoods•  Aidconsumersinuseofproduct•  UniOzeorGroupproducts•  CommunicateandEducatetheConsumer

Package/Container Types/Levels

•  Primary•   Comesindirectcontactwithfood

•   Preformed,e.g.jars,cans,plasOccontainers•   Formed,in-linefromrollstock,flatblanks

•   Secondary•   Outerboxorcase•   OXenuniOzes•   SomeOmesprotectsprimarypackage,i.e.glassjars

•   TerOary•   Groupseveralsecondarycartonstogether-palletloadsetc…

Goals of Food Packaging – for fresh meat products •  PRIMARYGOALS

•   PreventdehydraOon•   Promotegoodmeatcolor•   PreventcontaminaOon-microorganisms•   Limitgasexchange–H2O,O2

•   Slowmicrobialgrowth

•   SECONDARYGOALS•   CommunicateandEducatetheConsumer

•   ProductLabel•   NutriOonLabel•   Safehandlinglabel

•   Aidconsumersinuseofproduct•   Cooking/PreparaOonInstrucOons

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Requirements of food packaging materials 1.   Nontoxic2.   ProtectagainstcontaminaOon

frommicroorganisms3.   Barriertomoistureandoxygen4.   Protectagainstodoringressor

environmentaltoxicants5.   FilteroutharmfulUVlight6.   Resistphysicaldamage7.   Transparent8.   Tamper-resistant/tamperevident

9.   Easytoopen10.   Dispensingandresealingfeatures11.   Easydisposal12.  Meetsize,shapeandweight

requirements13.   Havedesiredappearanceand

printabilityfeatures14.   Lowcost15.   CompaOblewithfood16.   UniOzingfeatures

Meat Packaging Types

•  ButcherPaper,waxed–frozenmeat•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap–frozenmeat

Packaging Materials – Butcher Wrap

•  ButcherPaper,waxed•   PronetofreezerburnandoxidaOonunderprolongedstorage

•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap

•   MuchlesspronetofreezerburnandoxidaOon

•   Dependsonairspacebetweenproductandpackage

Freezer Burn

•  DehydraOonofthefood,muscle•  PrimarilycausedbysublimaOon

•   SublimaOon-phasetransiOondirectlyfromsolidtogas,icetowatervapor

•   ExacerbaOngFactors•   Loosepackaging•   TemperaturefluctuaOons(auto-defrostfreezers)•   RelaOvelyhighfrozenfoodtemperatures

•  AlsopromotesoxidaOoncausingoffflavors/odors,andpigmentdiscoloraOon

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Meat Packaging Types

•  ButcherPaper,waxed–frozenmeat•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap–frozenmeat•   TrayOver-wrap–freshmeat

Packaging Materials – Tray Over-wrap

PolyvinylChloride

•   LowH2Otransmission•   PreventsdehydraOon

•   HighO2transmission•   Oxymyoglobin

•   Oxymyoglobin–brightcherryred

•   PurgeorWeep•   Redliquid(Sarcoplasm)inpackage•   Diaper/soakerpad

•   3dayrefrigeratedshelflife

Fresh Beef Color

MYOGLOBINNAME

IRONSTATE

BOUNDLIGAND

COLOR

Deoxymyoglobin Fe+2 H2O DarkPurple

Oxymyoglobin Fe+2 O2 BrightCherryRed

Metmyoglobin Fe+3 None Brown,uncookedmeat

DenaturedMetmyoglobin

Fe+3 None Brown,cookedmeat

Fresh Beef Color

Deoxymyoglobin

Oxymyoglobin

Metmyoglobin

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Meat Packaging Types

•  ButcherPaper,waxed–frozenmeat•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap–frozenmeat•   TrayOver-wrap–freshmeat•  Vacuumpackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats

Packaging Materials – Vacuum Package Laminates-CompositePolymerFilms

EliminateO2/EliminateO2

•  OrientedPolypropylene,Polyethylene

•   LowH2Otransmission

•  PolyvinylideneChloride,EthyleneVinylAlcohol

•   LowO2transmission

•   Extendedrefrigeratedshelflife,3weeksorlonger

•  Deoxymyoglobin–darkpurple

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth in Foods INTRINSICPARAMETERS

•  pH•  Moisturecontent,Aw•  OxidaOon-ReducOonpotenOal•  NutrientContent•  AnOmicrobialConsOtuents

•  BiologicalStructures

EXTRINSICPARAMETERS

•   StorageTemperatureofEnvironment

•  RelaOveHumidityofEnvironment

•  Presence&ConcentraOonofGasesintheEnvironment

INTRINSIC PARAMETERS

•  pH•   ~5.4forpost-rigorbeef•   Notlowenoughtoinhibitmicrobialgrowth,neutral=pH7.0•   Maymanipulateinprocessedmeats

•   AcidifiedsausagehaspH<5.0•   CookedRoastbeefmayhavepH=6.0

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INTRINSIC PARAMETERS

•  Moisturecontent,Aw(wateracOvity)•   PurewaterAw=1.0•   Freshmeathasahighmoisturecontent,±75%;Aw=0.99•   Maymanipulateforprocessedmeatproducts

•   DriedSausage•   Jerky,Aw=0.85orbelow

INTRINSIC PARAMETERS

•  OxidaOon-ReducOonpotenOal•   Trayover-wrappackagehasanOxidaOontypeenvironment.

•   BacteriarequiringO2cangrow•   ThesebacteriagrowrelaOvelyfast,evenatrefrigeraOontemperatures

•   VacuumorMAPPackagingquicklyproducesaReducingtypeenvironment•   OnlyanaerobicandfacultaOveanaerobicbacteriacangrow

•   ThesebacteriagrowrelaOvelysloweratrefrigeraOontemperatures

INTRINSIC PARAMETERS

•  NutrientContent•   MeatisarelaOvelygoodsourceofnutrients

•  AnOmicrobialConsOtuents•   Noneinfreshmeat•   Maybeaddedtoprocessedmeats–salt,nitrite

•  BiologicalStructures•   Nolongerpresent

EXTRINSIC PARAMETERS

•   StorageTemperatureofEnvironment•   MeatstoredatrefrigeraOontemperatures(<40°F)orfrozen•   Slowsmicrobialgrowth

•  RelaOveHumidityofEnvironment•   RHiskepthightodeterdehydraOon

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EXTRINSIC PARAMETERS

•  Presence&ConcentraOonofGasesintheEnvironment•   IfO2ispresent,e.g.TrayOver-Wrap,microbialgrowthisfaster.•   IfO2isnotpresent,e.g.Vacuum,Fill&FormVacuum,MAP,microbialgrowthatrefrigeraOontemperaturesismuchslower.

Factors Affecting Microbial Growth in Fresh Meat INTRINSICPARAMETERS

•  pH•  Moisturecontent,Aw•  OxidaOon-ReducOonpotenOal•  NutrientContent•  AnOmicrobialConsOtuents

•  BiologicalStructures

EXTRINSICPARAMETERS

•   StorageTemperature•  RelaOveHumidityofEnvironment

•  Presence&ConcentraOonofGasesintheEnvironment

Meat Packaging Types

•  ButcherPaper,waxed–frozenmeat•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap–frozenmeat•   TrayOver-wrap–freshmeat•  Vacuumpackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats•   TrayOver-wrapinMasterPack–MAPfreshmeat

•   Form&FillVacuumPackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats

Packaging Materials – Form & Fill Laminates-CompositePolymerFilmsEliminateO2/EliminateO2

•   Similarmaterials/traitstovacuumpackage

•   Fasterfill&sealrates•  Moredurablefilms•  Maybemoredesirablepackageshape;printability

•  Highercost

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Meat Packaging Types

•  ButcherPaper,waxed–frozenmeat•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap–frozenmeat•   TrayOver-wrap–freshmeat•  Vacuumpackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats•   TrayOver-wrapinMasterPack–MAPfreshmeat

•   Form&FillVacuumPackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats•  ModifiedAtmospherePackage–freshmeat,processedmeats

•   TrayFill–MAPfreshmeat,MAPprocessedmeats

Packaging Materials – MAP

ModifiedAtmospherePackaging

•   ~80%N2

•   ~20%CO2

•   0.4%CO•   Stabilizesmeatpigment•  Reducesmicrobialgrowth

•  Highestcost

Meat Packaging Types

•  ButcherPaper,waxed–frozenmeat•  PlasOcunder-wrap/ButcherPaperover-wrap–frozenmeat•   TrayOver-wrap–freshmeat•  Vacuumpackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats•   TrayOver-wrapinMasterPack–freshmeat•   Form&FillVacuumPackage–freshorfrozenmeat,processedmeats•  ModifiedAtmospherePackage–freshmeat,processedmeats

•   TrayFill–MAPfreshmeat,MAPprocessedmeats

•  Chubs–groundbeef

Packaging Materials – Chubs HDPlasNcFilmEliminateO2

•  Notvacuumized•   InteriorquicklybecomesanaerobicduetoO2consumpOonbymusclemetabolicacOviOes

•  Veryfastfill&sealrates•  Verydurablefilm•  Cannotseeproduct•  Usedforgroundmeatproducts

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QUESTIONS