French RevolutionFrench RevolutionReign of TerrorReign of Terror

National Assembly ReformsNational Assembly Reforms

Noblemen and clergy Noblemen and clergy changed their changed their sentiment by sentiment by professing desire for professing desire for equality and liberty…equality and liberty…why?why?

Declaration of the Declaration of the Rights of ManRights of Man

Church ReformsChurch Reforms Louis Tries to EscapeLouis Tries to Escape

Reforms: Reforms: Declaration of the Rights of Declaration of the Rights of

ManMan National Assembly National Assembly

adopts on Aug. 27, adopts on Aug. 27, 17891789

Reflected the influence Reflected the influence of the Enlightenment of the Enlightenment and Declaration of and Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Guaranteed citizens Guaranteed citizens equal justice, freedom equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of speech, and freedom of religionof religion

Did not apply to womenDid not apply to women– Olympe de Gouges wrote Olympe de Gouges wrote

Declaration of the Rights Declaration of the Rights of Womenof Women, but was , but was executedexecuted

Church ReformsChurch Reforms National Assembly seized Church landsNational Assembly seized Church lands Church officials would now have to be Church officials would now have to be

elected by landowners, & paid as state elected by landowners, & paid as state employeeemployee– Stripped wealth & political power from ChurchStripped wealth & political power from Church

Allowed state to sell Church lands to pay Allowed state to sell Church lands to pay debts, instead of tax bourgeoisiedebts, instead of tax bourgeoisie

Peasants, being devout Catholics, rallied Peasants, being devout Catholics, rallied behind their priestsbehind their priests– Role of church & state drove a wedge between Role of church & state drove a wedge between

peasants & bourgeoisie…peasants opposed peasants & bourgeoisie…peasants opposed any new revolutionary changesany new revolutionary changes

Louis XVI FleesLouis XVI Flees

Many supporters of the King felt Many supporters of the King felt France unsafe and fled the countryFrance unsafe and fled the country

In June 1791, fearing for his life, King In June 1791, fearing for his life, King Louis XVI and his family tried to Louis XVI and his family tried to escape to the Austrian Netherlandsescape to the Austrian Netherlands

They were recognized, and brought They were recognized, and brought back to Paris under guardback to Paris under guard

Revolutionary Divisions:Revolutionary Divisions:New ConstitutionNew Constitution

The National Assembly took 2 years The National Assembly took 2 years to create a new constitution in Sept. to create a new constitution in Sept. 17911791– Limited constitutional monarchy Limited constitutional monarchy

(executive)(executive)– Created Legislative Assembly Created Legislative Assembly

(legislative)(legislative) King was force to sign into lawKing was force to sign into law

Revolutionary Divisions:Revolutionary Divisions:Factions FormFactions Form

Problems continues; food shortages, Problems continues; food shortages, large debt, and cries for more liberty large debt, and cries for more liberty & equality& equality

Legislative AssemblyLegislative AssemblyRadicalsRadicals ModeratesModerates ConservativeConservativeSat on the left side of the hall & Sat on the left side of the hall & called left-wingcalled left-wingOpposed the king & the idea of Opposed the king & the idea of a monarchya monarchyWanted changes in gov’t & Wanted changes in gov’t & proposed common people have proposed common people have full power in a republicfull power in a republic

Sat in the center of the hall & Sat in the center of the hall & were called centristswere called centristsWanted some changes in Wanted some changes in government, but not as many as government, but not as many as the radicalsthe radicals

Sat on the right side of the Sat on the right side of the hall & were hall & were called right-wingcalled right-wing Supported the a limited Supported the a limited constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy Wanted few changes in gov’t Wanted few changes in gov’t

Revolutionary Divisions:Revolutionary Divisions:Factions FormFactions Form

The factions of the Legislative Assembly The factions of the Legislative Assembly disagreed…there were groups that are far disagreed…there were groups that are far more extrememore extreme

EmigresEmigres—nobles that fled France during —nobles that fled France during the peasant uprisingsthe peasant uprisings– On the extreme right, wanted to undo the On the extreme right, wanted to undo the

Revolution & restore the Old RegimeRevolution & restore the Old Regime Sans-CulottesSans-Culottes—those w/o knee breeches, —those w/o knee breeches,

& were Parisian workers& were Parisian workers– On the extreme left, and exerted their On the extreme left, and exerted their

influence through the Jacobinsinfluence through the Jacobins

Quick QuestionQuick Question

Explain the differing political views in Explain the differing political views in the Legislative Assembly.the Legislative Assembly.

Who are emigres and sans-culottes, Who are emigres and sans-culottes, and what are their political views?and what are their political views?

France at WarFrance at War European monarchs feared, rightfully so, that the European monarchs feared, rightfully so, that the

peasant revolution of France would spread peasant revolution of France would spread throughout Europethroughout Europe

France declares war on Austria in April 1792 in France declares war on Austria in April 1792 in response to an Austrian request to restore Louis response to an Austrian request to restore Louis XVI to the throneXVI to the throne– Prussia joined the war on the side of AustriaPrussia joined the war on the side of Austria

The Prussian troops were on Paris’ edge when The Prussian troops were on Paris’ edge when Parisians stormed the royal palace, killing the Swiss Parisians stormed the royal palace, killing the Swiss guards to imprison the royal familyguards to imprison the royal family– Revolutionaries couldn’t leave Paris to fight the war in fear Revolutionaries couldn’t leave Paris to fight the war in fear

that monarchists would recapture Paris is they leftthat monarchists would recapture Paris is they left– Sept. 1792, Parisians began killing over 1000 monarchists Sept. 1792, Parisians began killing over 1000 monarchists

in prisons so they could not revoltin prisons so they could not revolt

France at WarFrance at War

Under pressure from the radicals the Under pressure from the radicals the Legislative Assembly set aside the Legislative Assembly set aside the Constitution, deposed the king, called for a Constitution, deposed the king, called for a new legislature and ended constitutional new legislature and ended constitutional monarchy in Francemonarchy in France

In Sept. 1792, the new governing body was In Sept. 1792, the new governing body was the National Conventionthe National Convention

By early 1793 Great Britain, Holland, & Spain By early 1793 Great Britain, Holland, & Spain joined Prussia & Austria in war w/ Francejoined Prussia & Austria in war w/ France– Forced France to enact a draft to respondForced France to enact a draft to respond

Quick QuestionQuick Question

Why does France go to war with Why does France go to war with Austria and Prussia?Austria and Prussia?

Radicals Execute the KingRadicals Execute the King

In the summer of 1792, the Paris mob had In the summer of 1792, the Paris mob had more power than any gov’t assemblymore power than any gov’t assembly– Mobs were poor, but led by bourgeoisieMobs were poor, but led by bourgeoisie

Jacobins, radical political club of 1792Jacobins, radical political club of 1792– Radical middle class of men and womenRadical middle class of men and women– Violent speeches called for removal of king & Violent speeches called for removal of king &

establishment of a republicestablishment of a republic– Jean Paul Marat, radical leader that edited a Jean Paul Marat, radical leader that edited a

revolutionary paperrevolutionary paper– Georges Danton, radical speaker & advocate Georges Danton, radical speaker & advocate

for Paris’ poorfor Paris’ poor

Radicals Execute the KingRadicals Execute the King

National Convention abolished National Convention abolished monarchy on Sept. 21, 1792 & monarchy on Sept. 21, 1792 & declared a republicdeclared a republic– Adult males could vote & serve officeAdult males could vote & serve office– Louis was reduced to citizen & prisoner Louis was reduced to citizen & prisoner

Jacobins forced Louis to be tried for Jacobins forced Louis to be tried for treason…found him guilty & treason…found him guilty & sentenced him to deathsentenced him to death

Jan. 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was Jan. 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed by guillotineexecuted by guillotine

Quick QuestionQuick Question

What is the name of the Parisian What is the name of the Parisian workers that make up the Jacobins?workers that make up the Jacobins?

Reign of TerrorReign of Terror Foreign enemies were one Foreign enemies were one

problem, but the Jacobins had problem, but the Jacobins had many enemies w/in Francemany enemies w/in France– Peasants (beheading of king), Peasants (beheading of king),

priests (gov’t control), rival leaders priests (gov’t control), rival leaders (vying for power)(vying for power)

Maximilien Robespierre gained Maximilien Robespierre gained control of Jacobins in hopes to control of Jacobins in hopes to build “republic of virtue”build “republic of virtue”– Wanted to wipe out every trace of Wanted to wipe out every trace of

monarchy & nobilitymonarchy & nobility– Closed churches in throughout Closed churches in throughout

France…opposed religionFrance…opposed religion

Reign of Terror:Reign of Terror:Committee of Public SafetyCommittee of Public Safety

Robespierre became leader in summer of Robespierre became leader in summer of 17931793– Decided who would be considered enemies of Decided who would be considered enemies of

RepublicRepublic– From 1793-1794 governed France as a dictator From 1793-1794 governed France as a dictator

during Reign of Terrorduring Reign of Terror The Committee executed thousands The Committee executed thousands

including Marie Antoinette, Danton, rival including Marie Antoinette, Danton, rival leaders, or any less radical than Robespierre leaders, or any less radical than Robespierre – 85% were peasants…who the revolution was 85% were peasants…who the revolution was

supposed to benefit supposed to benefit

Quick QuestionQuick Question

Why does the Why does the Committee of Committee of Public Safety Public Safety execute some execute some many people in the many people in the name of “virtue”?name of “virtue”?

End of the TerrorEnd of the Terror July 1794, members of the National July 1794, members of the National

Convention feared for their lives & turned Convention feared for their lives & turned on Robespierreon Robespierre– He was beheaded on July 28, 1794He was beheaded on July 28, 1794

Public opinion shifted to the right & in 1795 Public opinion shifted to the right & in 1795 moderate leaders drafted a new constitution moderate leaders drafted a new constitution – Power in upper-middle classPower in upper-middle class– Bicameral (2 houses) legislature Bicameral (2 houses) legislature – Directory—5 man executive bodyDirectory—5 man executive body

New gov’t appointed Napoleon to command New gov’t appointed Napoleon to command French army French army

Quick QuestionQuick Question

List and describe all five French List and describe all five French governments discussed during this governments discussed during this unit. unit.