french & indian war was 1763 a “turning point” for british-colonial relations?

FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

Was 1763 a “Turning Point” for British-Colonial Relations?

North America in North America in 17501750


BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754“7 YEARS WAR”

• BRITAIN & PRUSSIA VS. FRANCE, SPAIN, AUSTRIA & RUSSIA

• FOUGHT IN NORTH AMERICA & EUROPE

• BLOODIEST BATTLES IN GERMANY

• NATIVES ON BOTH SIDES OF CONFLICT

• 1ST TIME COLONIALS ARE CALLED ON TO FIGHT

• FRANCE KEEPS MANY FORCES IN EUROPE

• CONSEQUENCES????

ALBANY CONGRESS-1754

• Ben Franklin

• Immediate purpose—

• Long term purpose-

• Why isn’t it successful?

BRITAIN EVICTS FRENCH FROM NORTH AMERICA

• What do the British fear?

• French (Arcadians/Cajuns) to Louisiana

• Attack in Ohio Valley & Canada

• British General Braddock wants to take Ft. Duquesne– Moved too slow; colonial militia unprepared– Braddock killed-----French/Indians Win

BRITISH STRATEGY OF 1756

• FULL SCALE INVASION OF CANADA

• WHY IS THIS UNSUCCESSFUL?

British

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted toBr. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. Prima Donna Br. officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerillaIndian-style guerilla tactics. tactics.

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No mil. deference orNo mil. deference or protocols observed. protocols observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

Colonials

WILLIAM PITT AS NEW LEADER IN LONDON 1757

• CHANGE OF STRATEGY

• UNDERSTAND COLONIAL CONCERNS

• RESULTS OF NEW STRATEGY– 1758-LOUISBURG FELL TO BRIT– 1759-QUEBEC FELL TO BRITISH– 1760-MONTREAL FELL TO BRITISH

RESULTS OF CONFLICTTreaty of Paris 1763

• BRITAIN– FLORIDA FROM SPAIN– KEEPS FRENCH OUT OF

CANADA– EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO

CARIBBEAN SLAVE TRADE

– ECON INTEREST IN INDIA

– INCREASED DEBT– CONTEMPT FOR

COLONIALS

• FRANCE– LOSES CANADA, NEW

ORLEANS, WESTERN LA.

– SPAIN• GETS NEW ORLEANS

• TRANS-MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA

IMPACT ON THE COLONIES

• POSITIVE– UNITE AGAINST A

COMMON ENEMY– MILITARY

EXPERIENCE

• NEGATIVE– CONTEMPT FOR

BRITISH CONTROL

– WORSE RELATIONS WITH NATIVE AMERICANS

PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS

• PROBLEMS• Why do natives attack?• Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763

• SOLUTIONS• 1-BLANKETS WITH SMALL POX• 2-LONG TERM---

– PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

french & indian war was 1763 a “turning point” for british-colonial relations?

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