freight logistics and the panama canal expansion

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Freight Logistics and the Panama Canal Expansion Robert Harrison Center for Transportation Research UT Austin June 29 2012

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Freight Logistics and the Panama Canal Expansion

Robert HarrisonCenter for Transportation Research 

UT AustinJune 29 2012

State Economies and Transportation

• US GDP in 2011 Dollars • California 13.1%; Texas 8.7%; New York 7.7%• Texas has critical transportation corridors that play a state and national role – TxDOT

• Gateways, corridors, modes and hubs• Two Megaregions (America 2050)• Class 1 Rail networks and strategies reflect a system‐wide planning

• Major deep water ports and Intracoastal Waterway  

Texas Imports and Exports

• 2011 Trade Data ‐ $ Billion• Imports $ 309 (22% US Total)• Exports $ 251 (14 % US Total)• Aggregate $ 570, California $ 511• Modal corridors: pipelines, highways, rail, deep water ports, intra‐coastal waterway, air freight

• These combine to form the domestic supply chains and hubs driving big freight flows

Freight Logistics

• Addresses commodity characteristics – speed, value, inventory, security, reliability

• Connects modes at key transfer points• Is dynamic and responds to input changes like fuel price

• Sensitive to all operational costs• Innovative• Prefers choice

Global Trade

• 1990s NAFTA was a US and Texas Focus• 2000‐2012 Global Trade becomes significant and impacts US and Texas trade corridors at several deep water ports and air hubs

• Larger Panama Canal locks raise efficiencies for  Savannah and Charleston, Florida, and Gulf Port Asian imports and exports

• Canal Authority claim it is a “game changer”

Global Trade More Than TEUs

• Liquid Bulk – oils, chemicals• Dry Bulk – grains, ores, steel, forest products • Autos• Break Bulk – machinery, oil well equipment• Containers – dry, hi‐top, reefers

Panama Canal ExpansionA Texas Logistics Perspective 

• Ship size expands choice• Provides the potential for reducing costs• Offers a boost to exports• Longer term impacts more important than short term impacts to state economy

• North‐South trade strongest in the next 5 years 

The rise of Latin America

Source. The Economist

The Panama Canal - 2011The Panama Canal - 2011

Liner Services ThroughThe Panama Canal

Liner Services ThroughThe Panama Canal

Trade Route Number of Services

Yearly Capacity

Number of Vessels

Average Vessel Size

Asia - USEC 13 3,008,960 120 4,440 Pendulum 3 747,626 41 4,784 WCSA - Europe 8 1,097,730 56 2,900 Asia - Caribbean 1 239,232 11 4,588 WCSA - Caribbean 1 97,537 3 2,405 WCSA - USEC 3 378,975 18 2,423 Oceania - USEC – Europe 2 209,276 16 2,654 USWC - Europe 2 283,155 14 3,255 USWC - ECSA 1 100,010 5 1,918

RotterdamAntwerpDunkirk

Hamburg

BilbaoMarin

Guayaquil

Callao

San Antonio

MejillonesAntofagasta

Manta

Cartagena

Ensenada

ManzanilloKingston

P. Caucedo

ManzanilloPort of SpainP. Cabello

Cristobal

Chiwan

ShanghaiBusan

NingboKaohsiung

Qingdao

Hong Kong

Jacksonville

HoustonMiami

SavannahCharleston

Mobile

New York

Tangier

Dubai

SidneyMelbourne

NapierTauranga

Papeete

LautokaNoumea

Tilbury

Le Havre

San Juan PR

Iquique

Ilo

Taipei

PyongtaekYokohama

Tokyo

Yantian

Los Angeles

Oakland

Norfolk

MelbourneTauranga

Sidney

Timaru

Auckland

Port Chalmers

Vancouver

Balboa

Seattle

Lázaro Cardenas

Pto. Quetzal

La SpeziaNaples

Valencia Gioia Tauro

Source: Compair Data, January 2011

The Panama Canal - 2014The Panama Canal - 2014

GAME CHANGER POTENTIALGAME CHANGER POTENTIAL

Port Development in Panama

1996: 235K TEUs2010: 5.6M TEUs2015: 8.4M TEUs(P)

Panama Ports Company –Cristobal

Colon Container Terminal Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT)

Panama Ports Company -

Balboa

TransisthmianPipeline

ColonFree Zone

Fiber Optic Duct BankingCenter

Panama-PacificSpecial Economic

ZoneReal EstateTechnology and

InnovationCenter

Value-Added Components of Panama’s Transportation and

Logistics Cluster

Trans‐shipment?

• Colon – Houston 1528*   4 days

• Colon – Savannah  1563* 4 days

• Colon – Freeport/Houston 2276*   7 Days

*Nautical miles

Strategic Response?• Short term: 

Current facilities will serve the increases in PC trade volumes, but post‐Panamax size limited to 45 ft. channel draft, removing key system‐wide bottlenecks, particularly at or near landside terminals 

Monitor shallow draft port energy related growth and GIWW traffic

• Medium term: 

Improved rail access to deep water terminals, planning new terminals near deep water with 50 ft. channels

• Long term: 

Diversion to other trade corridors if channels remain at 45 ft.

Panama Canal Expansion

• Impacts now becoming more modest• Shift of manufacturing from China to Southeast Asia make Suez Canal competitive

• Export markets may be limited by inadequate port infrastructure

• Railroads will protect market share on competing corridors

• Texas port value critical to state economy and needs to be captured in TxDOT planning

Maritime TxDOT Planning 

• Partner with deep water ports, railroad companies and key GIWW users 

• Monitor new services for bulk, break bulk and containers imports and exports

• Determine potential constraints: accessing ports (channels), terminal efficiencies and landside connections, both highway, rail and barge

• Short, medium and long term impacts  

Questions?