frederick douglass escaped slave a leader of the anti-slavery group in mass. published a newspaper...
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Frederick Douglass• Escaped slave
• A leader of the anti-slavery group in Mass.
• Published a newspaper called the “North Star.”
• He worked for African American rights and was against slavery.
N= S=X X 2-3 2-3
Missouri Compromise1820
• Maine enters as a “free state”, and Missouri enters a “slave state.”
• Desire to maintain balance of free and slave states as more states entered the union. ??
• Imaginary line drawn for slavery 36º 30º latitude line prohibited slavery north of the line (south of line could have slavery).
• Eased tensions- neither side happy
N= S=X1 X1
Compromise of 1850• The Compromise of 1850 was a group of laws
passed by Congress. (Henry Clay’s idea)
• 1. California enters as a “free state”. • 2. Mexican Cession was divided into two-
territories( Utah, New Mexico) and popular sovereignty would decide whether they were free or not.
• 3. Stricter Fugitive Slave Law.• 4. Forbid buying and selling of slaves in the
District of Columbia. Eased tensions/neither happy
N= S=X1 X1
Personal Liberty Laws
• Fugitive Slave Law= citizens had to help federal officers catch runaway slaves.
• Legislatures in the Northern states passed personal liberty laws: forbid people to help slave owners find runaway slaves.
• This made enforcing the Fugitive Slave Law almost impossible.
N = S=X3 X3
Uncle Tom’s Cabin1852
• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book called, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which reflected her hatred of slavery.
• It became popular in the North (300,000 copies sold), but banned in the South.
• Southerners accused that the views about slavery were exaggerated.
N= S=X3.5-4 X4
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
• Stephen A. Douglas wanted to build railroad through the Kansas Nebraska Territory-makes deal with the South
• Allow slavery in K &N territory? • Popular Sovereignty would be used to
decide slavery in K&N territories.• Ended Missouri Compromise/both sides
unhappy! Violence erupts!
N= S=X3 X1-2?
Republican Party1854
• formed in1854-determined to stop the spread of slavery in the territories.
• Strength in the North
• Lost election of 1856-not enough strength to win majority of electoral votes
N= S=X3 X3
Bleeding Kansas
• Race to see who would settle Kansas first, the abolitionists, or the proslavery settlers.
• They did this so they could vote for or against Kansas being a free or slave state(popular sovereignty).
• In May of 1856, proslavery settlers attacked the free-soil headquarters.
• 200 people were killed, given the name “Bleeding Kansas”.
N sX4 X4
Dred Scott Decision 1857
• Dred Scott was a slave, was brought from Missouri to a free state(IL,WI).
• When his owner died, Scott sued the court to become a free man.
•Supreme Court Ruled:1. slaves were property2. slaves could not sue in court3. slavery was legal anywhere-all territories
N= S=X4 X4
John Brown at Harper’s Ferry 1859
• Slavery became the most important issue (late 1850’s).
• John Brown dreamed of freeing all Southern slaves.
• Took over federal arsenal (guns and ammo). at Harper’s Ferry, where he tried to lead a
rebellion(held out for 2 days)/lost and was hanged.
• Many viewed the attack as being foolish, but others saw Brown as a hero!
N= S=X1? X4
Election of Lincoln1860
• Democratic vote split between Douglass and Breckinridge (favored secession)
• Northern Demos voted Douglas• Southern Demos voted Breckinridge• New party: Constitutional Union Party
nominated John Bell• Lincoln (Republican) wins in electoral college
N= S=X4 X4
Secession1860
• Dec. 20, 1860,South Carolina drops out of the Union
• MS, FL, AL, TX, GA, LA
• February 1861-6 other states leave the Union
• Jefferson Davis elected President
N= S=X4 X4
Fort Sumter1861
• Federal fort in S.C.
• Confederacy took over fort April 12, 1861
• Lincoln sends reinforcements
• First shots fired by South
• Civil War starts
• VA, TN, AK, NC-leave the Union
N= S= X4X4
WIO Causes of the Civil War Spectrum
Make a spectrum on your paper from and Least to Most. List List the 13 events that lead to the American Civil War on the spectrum and a one sentence summary of the event and whyit caused high/low tensions
Most tension/upset
Least/Eased tensions
Middle of conflict
Write a one sentence summary of each issue