frbr and tms:applying a conceptual organizational model for cataloguing photographic archives frbr...
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FRBR and TMS:
Applying a Conceptual
Organizational Model for
Cataloguing Photographic Archives
Presentation By:
Sarah GillisAssistant Registrar for Image Management
WORCESTER ART MUSEUM
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Worcester Art Museum
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Worcester Art Museum
• Collection: ~38,000 objects
• Encyclopedic Collection
• Almost 2/3 of collection digitized
• Create nearly triple the amount of images in
comparison to collection size
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Value of Photographic Archives
• Early documentation of objects within the
galleries
• Before Treatment photography
• Sometimes only current existing photography of
an object
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DCC Curation Lifecycle Model
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The OAIS Reference Model
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Delivery
Information
PackageTMS
(Internal Access)
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Delivery
Information
PackageeMuseum
(Public Access)
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Archival Information Package (AIP)
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DCC and OAIS
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Challenges:
• Integrating various layers of metadata
• Once digitized, how do I to distinguish between the born-digital and digitized images of art objects
• The application of a unique identifier system to these analog and digital instances
• Initiate rethinking by introducing new methods of image access to staff at the Worcester Art Museum.
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Unique Identifiers for Image Files…
• Old Method: ObjectNumber_anythingelse.jpg
– e.g. 1913.45_scannedBW.jpg
• Not a bad file naming system, but can get muddled once multiple digital images are produced.
• Need to implement a more simple, yet distinctive organizational system.
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File Name Organization
Prefix What is represents
DP Digital Photograph
DNG Digital Negative
SL Slide
BWP Black & White Print
NG Negative
GNG Glass Plate Negative
CR Color Reproduction (transparency)
XR X-Ray
CON Conservation Image
If this represents a physical image, the digitized rendition will share the
shame filename, but with a ‘D-’ as an additional prefix to acknowledge
that this is a digitized item.
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Unique Identifiers for Image Files…
• New Method:
BWP + 758 + .jpg
What is the origin of the image file?Black and White Print
Sequentially assigned number.
File type (automatically created)
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Unique Identifiers for Image Files…
• New Method:
D-BWP + 758 + .jpg
What is the origin of the image file?Black and White Print
Sequentially assigned number.
File type (automatically created)
Digital Rendition of Print
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Unique Identifiers for Image Files…
• New Method:
DP + 3058 + .jpg
What is the origin of the image file?Born-Digital Photograph“Digital Photograph”
Sequentially assigned number.
File type (automatically created)
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Unique Identifier Naming Convention
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"Why aren't we keeping the object number in
the image file that it represents?"
Because the image is not the object which has
received its own unique identifier (object
number), but is a representation of the object
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TMS Access Guidance
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Functional Requirements of
Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
• “ontology that captures and represents the
underlying semantics of bibliographic
information [which] facilitates the integrating,
mediation, and interchange of bibliographic and
museum information.”*
*Page 10, FRBR: object-oriented definition and mapping from FRBRer, FRAD and FRSAD, version 2.0, International Working Group on FRBR
and CIDOC CRM Harmonisation.
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FRBRER Group One
Person
(Conception of Idea)
(Drafts/Sketches)
(Final Product; Object)
(copies)
Entity-Related FRBR
(Artist/Creator)
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FRBROO
• LAMs are all “memory systems” focusing on the
same goal of sustainability into the digital future
• LAMs ensure that the analog components are
not left behind
• All conceptual models require content standards
for cataloguing in order to survive
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Object-Oriented Functional Requirements of
Bibliographic Records (FRBROO)
Work Elaboration
Work Conception Expression Creation
Time
Produces an Idea Produces (simultaneously) an Expression and Manifestation Production Type
Produces a Work
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FRBROO Expression
Conceptual Level Physical Level
F28 Expression Creation
F14 Individual Work F22 Self Contained Expression F4 Manifestation Production Type
Created a realization of…
Created
Realized in aIs created by
Created
Time
E65 Creation E12 Production
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Application of FRBROO to TMS
F2 Expression
F28 ExpressionCreation
F4 ManifestationSingleton
E24 Physical Man-Made Thing
F3 Manifestation Product Type
F5 Item
E54 Dimension
E55 Type
E57 Material
E30 Right
Is example of
created
carries
created
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FRBR and TMS
Media Module
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FRBR
and TMS
Media Record
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FRBR and TMS Media Record
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FRBR
and TMS
Media
Record
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FRBR and TMSMedia Record
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Summary
• Cataloguing following conceptual models ensures easier metadata crosswalks in the future
• Linked Data across various memory centers (LAMs)
• If we do not take the time to ensure that all object related media (analog and digital) are carefully catalogued and linked within our CMS, we will not be doing justice to the collection for future stakeholders.
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Acknowledgements
• Contributors to my GoFundMe Campaign
• Gallery Systems
• Worcester Art Museum
• Joe Leduc (former Chief Registrar at WAM)
• IMLS Museums for America Grant
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References
• Harvey, R. (2010). Digital Curation: a how-to-do-it manual. New York, NY: Neal-Schuman
Publishers.
• Howarth, L.C. (2012) FRBR and Linked Data: Connecting FRBR and Linked Data.
Cataloguing & Classification Quarterly, 50, 763-776.
• IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (1997,
amended 2009). Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records- Final Report.
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
• International Working Group on FRBR and CIDOC CRM Harmonisation. (May 2012).
FRBR object-oriented definition and mapping from FRBRER, FRAD and FRSAD (version
2.0) Published Working Draft.
• Peponakis, M. (2012). Conceptualizations of the Cataloguing Object: A Critique on Current
Perceptions of FRBR Group 1 Entities. Cataloguing & Classification Quarterly, 50, 587-
602.