fraunhofer institute systems and innovation research isi policymaking for innovation: the role of...
TRANSCRIPT
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Policymaking for Innovation: the Role of Distributed
Intelligence
Stefan KuhlmannFraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI)
Karlsruhe, Germany
1
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Overview
Analysing the dynamics of „innovation systems“
From ”mechanistic" to ”reflexive" innovation strategies and policymaking
Arenas for decision-making
Strategic Intelligence (SI) for Innovation Strategy and Policy: tools
General requirements of SI
Application of SI (examples)
Fictions of future use of Distributed Intelligence
SI infrastructures for Distributed Intelligence
2
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Focus: Dynamics of Innovation Systems
Economic system, globalising,
prod. & services
Political systemand state,europeanising
Education and science system,europeanising
Innovationsystem(hybrid)
Co-evolution
3
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
From "Mechanistic" to ”Reflexive" Innovation Strategies and Policymaking (I)Strategy targets: from competitiveness of single companies,
to linking science & industry, to modernisation of holdings, sectors, regions, and national "innovation systems” (e.g. interdisciplinary
instit.),to “post-national” strategies across levels (in EU),to socio-economic change and sustainable development
Potential impacts/benefits: from r&d results, to innovative products/processes,
to raising awareness of innovation needs,to increasing learning and "absorptive capacities", to individual and institutional change
Policy means: from r&d subsidies to adoption of new technologies, to liaison/brokerage services, to continuing education, to regulatory policies,to multi-purpose, multi-actor initiatives,to “post-nationally” orchestrated multi-level initiatives
4
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Policy actors: from sectoral policymakers/beneficiaries, to industrial innovation networks (increasingly
international),to multi-sector/multilevel policy networks (stretching fromscience through industry and policymakers to consumer orgs. and NGOs)
Strategic policy development (public and private): from path dependency/
institutional conservatism,to performance measurement (legitimization) to socio-economic assessment of mid-term performance to reflexive policy learning with contesting stakeholders
need for “multi-perspective” learning, foresight and planning: i.e. “Strategic Intelligence (SI)"
From "Mechanistic" to "Reflexive" Innovation Strategies and Policymaking (II)
5
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Innovation Policy Stakeholders’ Arena
National
research
ministry
National
research
ministry
Othernationalministrie
s
Othernationalministrie
s
Regional
govern-ments
Regional
govern-ments
National
parlia-ment
National
parlia-ment
EUCom-
mission
EUCom-
mission
Multi-nationalcompani
es
Multi-nationalcompani
es
SMEasso-
ciations
SMEasso-
ciations
Industrial
asso-ciations
Industrial
asso-ciations
Uni-versities
Uni-versities
Nationalresearchcenters
Nationalresearchcenters
Research
councils
Research
councils
Contractresearchinstitute
s
Contractresearchinstitute
s
Consumer
groups
Consumer
groups
Environ-ment
groups
Environ-ment
groups
Differing interests, perspectives and values
No dominant player?
Contested policies
Need for consensus?
StrategicIntelligence
6
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Distributed Arenas and Strategic Intelligence ...
Folie 8Arc
hit
1.p
pt
SI
National innovation policy arena A
SI
National innovation policy arena D
Thematic innovation policy arena C
SI
SI
European innovation policy arena
SI
Regional innovation policy
arena B
8
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Dynamics of Innovation Systems and Strategic Intelligence
Political systemand state,europeanising
Economic system, globalising,
prod. & services
Education and science system,europeanising
Innovationsystem(hybrid)
Innovationprocesses: micro, meso, macro
Analyses & methods:Evaluation (ex post, monitoring, ex ante)Delphi, scenarios, TAPolicy-analysisInstitutional analysisStatist.-econometrical analysesNetwork analysisSectors,
technologies:retrospectively, prospectively
Indicators:corportate dataSectorial techno-eco- -nomic performanceBibliometricsRegulatory data (e.g. norms, standards)
Actors:CompaniesSciencePolicymakers
9
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Applying Strategic Intelligence: General Requirements
Create fora for interaction, negotiation and the preparation of decisions
Organize mediation processes and “discourses“ between contesting actors in related policy arena
Realize thereby the multiplicity of actor's values and interests
Include representatives of less organized or weaker societal groups of society (participatory approach)
Inject SI, i.e.policy/strategy evaluation, foresight and TA results, also analyses of changing innovation processes, the dynamics of changing research systems, changing functions of public policies
Facilitate a more “objective” formulation of diverging perceptions by offering appropriate indicators, analyses and information-processing mechanisms
14
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Emergence of Strategic Intelligence - the Example of Regional Technology Plans
Regional Innovation
Policy Arena
EU Commissioninitiating and supporting ...
Analysis ofindustrial demand
Evaluationof region.initiatives
Use of foresight results
etc ...
15
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Combining Foresight Results with Evaluation Purposes - Example: System Evaluation of the Fraunhofer Society (FhG)
0
1
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Example: Life Sciences
Competencies of FhG Institutes( 10 researchers p.a. per 1 institute)
Variety of „Delphi Visions“ (Foresight)
Potential Research Market (RETIED Index):
Need for research infrastructure (RE)
Time horizon (TI)
Contribution to economic development (ED)
16
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
SI Infrastructures for Distributed Strategic Intelligence
Create an architecture of “infrastructures” for Distributed intelligence – but not the one monolithic/top-down “system” !
Link – via SI infrastructure – the existing regional, national, sectorial etc SI facilities, horizontally and vertically
Build brokering “nodes” managing and maintaining the infrastructure (e.g. IPTS, ESTO, ...)
Offer a “directory” favouring direct connections between relevant actors
Establish a “enabling structure” allowing free access to all SI exercises undertaken with public support (“register”)
Define clear rules to access the infrastructure
Make the infrastructure robust, able to survive; guarantee adequate resources
20
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
“EU Research Area” requires SI:
• Identification of „centres of excellence“ (indicators? arenas?)
• Benchmarking of national research policies (indicators? arenas?)
• others ...
Distributed Strategic Intelligence: an Architecture
Folie 21Arc
hit
1.p
pt
SI
National innovation policy arena A
SI
National innovation policy arena D
Thematic innovation policy arena C
SI
SI
European innovation policy arena
SI
Regional innovation policy
arena B
Brokeringnode(s)
21
Qualityassurance
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Quality Assurance for Distributed Strategic Intelligence
Facilitate repeated and “fresh” exercises and information production (e.g. EV, TF, TA, benchmarking, ...) and renewed combinations of actors and levels
Support strong professional associations
Use informal expert networks (like the “Six Countries Programme”)
Create accreditation mechanisms
Support education and training (e.g. postgraduate interdisciplinary studies)
22
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
U r s a c h e u n d W i r k u n g. - Vor der Wirkung glaubt man an andere Ursachen als nach der Wirkung.Friedrich Nietzsche, Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, Aphorismus 217, 1882
Cause and impact. - Before any impact you believe in other causes than after the impact.
23
FraunhoferInstituteSystems andInnovation Research
ISI
Text: Kuhlmann, S. / Boekholt, P. / Georghiou, L. / Guy, K. / Héraud, J.-A. / Laredo. Ph. / Lemola, T. / Loveridge, D. / Luukkonen, T. / Polt, W. / Rip, A. / Sanz-Menendez, L. / Smits, R.: Improving Distributed Intelligence in Complex Innovation Systems. Final report of the Advanced Science & Technology Policy Planning Network (ASTPP), a Thematic Network of the European Targeted Socio-Economic Research Programme (TSER), Brussels/Luxembourg 1999 (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) (download www.isi.fhg.de/dept/ti/)
24