franklin d. roosevelt and his new deal eighth grade georgia history advanced mr. richard white...

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt and His New DealHis New Deal

Eighth Grade Georgia HistoryAdvanced

Mr. Richard WhiteGeorge Washington Middle School

Third Semester

Georgia Performance StandardGeorgia Performance StandardSS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after

World War I and their impact on Georgia.

a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.

b. Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great Depression.

c. Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge.

d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact of the Civilian Conservation Corps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification,

and Social Security.

A full copy of these standards can be found at:

http://www.georgiastandards.org/socialstudies.aspx

The New Deal and President The New Deal and President RooseveltRoosevelt

How did the Civilian Conservation Corps How did the Civilian Conservation Corps motivate citizens?motivate citizens?What impact did the Agricultural What impact did the Agricultural Adjustment Act have?Adjustment Act have?How did Roosevelt bring about rural How did Roosevelt bring about rural electrification?electrification?How did social security develop from the How did social security develop from the New Deal?New Deal?

The Civilian Conservation CorpsThe Civilian Conservation Corps

Most popular of New Most popular of New Deal Programs and Deal Programs and first one passed.first one passed.

Bill introduced March Bill introduced March 27, 1933 and passed 27, 1933 and passed by both houses of by both houses of Congress.Congress.

Signed into law March Signed into law March 31, 1933.31, 1933.


Recruited unemployed young men to reforest the nations Recruited unemployed young men to reforest the nations declining woodlands, and help fight the soil erosion declining woodlands, and help fight the soil erosion brought on by deforestation.brought on by deforestation.

First man enrolled on April 7, 1933. That was only 37 First man enrolled on April 7, 1933. That was only 37 days after the passage of the bill.days after the passage of the bill.

Robert Fechner was appointed director on April 5, 1933.Robert Fechner was appointed director on April 5, 1933.

By April of 1934 the Corps was on a firm foundation, By April of 1934 the Corps was on a firm foundation, enjoying almost universal approval.enjoying almost universal approval.


Workers were paid $30 per month, while their Workers were paid $30 per month, while their families received a $25 per month allotment families received a $25 per month allotment check.check.

More than $72 million was poured into towns More than $72 million was poured into towns across the country, and this helped boost local across the country, and this helped boost local economies and save many small businesses.economies and save many small businesses.

Towns close to the camps housing the workers Towns close to the camps housing the workers enjoyed $5000 per month boosts to their enjoyed $5000 per month boosts to their economies and many small family owned economies and many small family owned business were saved.business were saved.

Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation Corps

Men were recruited and lived in camps around Men were recruited and lived in camps around the country; at one time there were over 900 of the country; at one time there were over 900 of these camps.these camps.

They were provided uniforms and tents for living They were provided uniforms and tents for living quarters.quarters.

The men built roads, strung telephone cable, The men built roads, strung telephone cable, and planted trees to stave off soil erosion.and planted trees to stave off soil erosion.

At one point there were over 600,000 men At one point there were over 600,000 men enrolled in the program.enrolled in the program.

Civilian Conservation CorpsCivilian Conservation CorpsIn the beginning education and job training were not In the beginning education and job training were not available, however, during later years it was included available, however, during later years it was included and over 40,000 illiterates were taught to read and write.and over 40,000 illiterates were taught to read and write.

In 1933 leaders decided that the program should include In 1933 leaders decided that the program should include Native Americans, and through the CCC approximately Native Americans, and through the CCC approximately 80,000 American Indians were paid to save the lands 80,000 American Indians were paid to save the lands they once occupied.they once occupied.

Program grew through the 1930’s and early into the Program grew through the 1930’s and early into the 1940’s, however, by June of 1942 the program was 1940’s, however, by June of 1942 the program was dying. After Pearl Harbor and the improving economy, dying. After Pearl Harbor and the improving economy, people were working and going off to war.people were working and going off to war.

In June of 1942, Congress agreed to cut funding for the In June of 1942, Congress agreed to cut funding for the program.program.

Agricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act

Passed May 12, 1933 it Passed May 12, 1933 it restricted crop production restricted crop production during the New Deal.during the New Deal.

Paid farmers not to plant Paid farmers not to plant and grow crops on their and grow crops on their property.property.

This would lower the This would lower the amount of surplus on the amount of surplus on the market and thus raise market and thus raise crop prices stabilizing a crop prices stabilizing a volatile market place. volatile market place.


Many farmers plowed under crops in accordance Many farmers plowed under crops in accordance with the act; many people complained about this with the act; many people complained about this because their were hungry Americans who could because their were hungry Americans who could have been fed.have been fed.A lawsuit was filed over the taxation funding of A lawsuit was filed over the taxation funding of the program and on January 6, 1936 the act was the program and on January 6, 1936 the act was found unconstitutional because it unfairly taxed found unconstitutional because it unfairly taxed one group to pay another.one group to pay another.On February 16, 1938 a second AAA was On February 16, 1938 a second AAA was passed and funded from the general taxation passed and funded from the general taxation fund.fund.


The Thomas Amendment to the Act was approved May The Thomas Amendment to the Act was approved May 12, 1933.12, 1933.This allowed the President to accept silver on the war This allowed the President to accept silver on the war debt account and to issue silver certificates that could be debt account and to issue silver certificates that could be redeemed for silver coinage.redeemed for silver coinage.Up to $200 million in silver could be received and Up to $200 million in silver could be received and reissued.reissued.Over 7 million pieces of silver currency were minted and Over 7 million pieces of silver currency were minted and issued through this act.issued through this act.This reduced the amount of silver being held by citizens This reduced the amount of silver being held by citizens and served as a hedge for the government against and served as a hedge for the government against inflation.inflation.


In 1933 paid out over $100 million to cotton In 1933 paid out over $100 million to cotton farmers to plow under crops.farmers to plow under crops.The government slaughtered 6 million piglets, The government slaughtered 6 million piglets, canned the meat, and used it to feed the poor.canned the meat, and used it to feed the poor.In the end the program worked; evictions from In the end the program worked; evictions from farms were down, crop prices were rising, and farms were down, crop prices were rising, and farm incomes were on the rise.farm incomes were on the rise.Sharecroppers, who were mostly poor black Sharecroppers, who were mostly poor black families, were not helped by the AAA. As they families, were not helped by the AAA. As they were told to destroy crops by the farmers who were told to destroy crops by the farmers who hired them, their income was lost. Eventually hired them, their income was lost. Eventually most of them ended up in the inner city ghettos.most of them ended up in the inner city ghettos.

Rural ElectrificationRural Electrification

Rural Electrification Act of Rural Electrification Act of 1936 was passed to 1936 was passed to provide funding for provide funding for electrical distribution electrical distribution services to rural areas of services to rural areas of the United States.the United States.At the time the act was At the time the act was passed electricity was passed electricity was readily available in cities readily available in cities but farms, rural areas, but farms, rural areas, and ranches rarely had and ranches rarely had electric power.electric power.


Funding to generate the power was provided Funding to generate the power was provided through local member-owned co-operatives. through local member-owned co-operatives. Many of these still exist today.Many of these still exist today.These co-ops purchased the power at a These co-ops purchased the power at a wholesale price, and distributed it using their wholesale price, and distributed it using their own lines a transformers. This saved their own lines a transformers. This saved their members money on electricity costs.members money on electricity costs.REA crews traveled the countryside with teams REA crews traveled the countryside with teams of electricians; they would install a fuse panel of electricians; they would install a fuse panel with range and kitchen panels, as well as two to with range and kitchen panels, as well as two to three lighting panels.three lighting panels.


They would also install one ceiling mounted light fixture They would also install one ceiling mounted light fixture in each room, controlled by a switch, and one outlet in in each room, controlled by a switch, and one outlet in each room. Electric appliances were expensive and few each room. Electric appliances were expensive and few had them, so more outlets were not necessary.had them, so more outlets were not necessary.Many of these installations still exist today, however, Many of these installations still exist today, however, most have been augmented or upgraded to support the most have been augmented or upgraded to support the abundance of electrical appliances available today.abundance of electrical appliances available today.The REA is considered one of the most successful The REA is considered one of the most successful government projects ever. By the end of 1938 the REA government projects ever. By the end of 1938 the REA had 350 co-op projects in 45 states and was delivering had 350 co-op projects in 45 states and was delivering electricity to over 1.5 million farms.electricity to over 1.5 million farms.This success spawned growth in the manufacture of This success spawned growth in the manufacture of appliances, and allowed television and radio to expand appliances, and allowed television and radio to expand to rural areas.to rural areas.

Social SecuritySocial Security

The Social Security Act of The Social Security Act of 1935 was signed on August 1935 was signed on August 14, 1935.14, 1935.Designed to insure that older Designed to insure that older retired Americans would have retired Americans would have a pension or death benefit a pension or death benefit once they were unemployed or once they were unemployed or no longer working.no longer working.Benefit would be paid from tax Benefit would be paid from tax collect from those currently collect from those currently working, half paid by the working, half paid by the employee and half paid by the employee and half paid by the employer.employer.One of the most popular One of the most popular government programs ever.government programs ever.


Originally only covered primary worker, and excluded Originally only covered primary worker, and excluded farmers, the self-employed, and anyone who employed farmers, the self-employed, and anyone who employed less than 10 people.less than 10 people.Even with these limitations Social Security covered over Even with these limitations Social Security covered over half of the United States civilian work force.half of the United States civilian work force.The 1935 Act contained the first unemployment-The 1935 Act contained the first unemployment-compensation program, aid to states for health and compensation program, aid to states for health and welfare programs, and the first Aid to Dependant welfare programs, and the first Aid to Dependant Children Program.Children Program.The initial tax rate was 2% of the first $3000 of earnings, The initial tax rate was 2% of the first $3000 of earnings, shared equally between employer and employee.shared equally between employer and employee.This tax known as FICA or the Federal Insurance This tax known as FICA or the Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax was amended in 1939.Contributions Act tax was amended in 1939.


The FICA Tax was amended to include:The FICA Tax was amended to include:

1.1. The widowed, nonworking spouse of a The widowed, nonworking spouse of a someone entitled to an old-age benefit.someone entitled to an old-age benefit.

2.2. Survivors (widows and orphans) became Survivors (widows and orphans) became eligible for a benefit. eligible for a benefit.

3.3. Retirees who had never paid any FICA Retirees who had never paid any FICA taxes became eligible for old-age taxes became eligible for old-age benefits.benefits.


The program has undergone many changes since its inception, and is currently threatened by a shortfall in funding. Questions have arisen

in recent years over the cost of the program. Some advocate privatization, allowing workers to choose how their withholdings are invested, while others want to do away with the program all together. The question that remains to be answered is will today’s workers be financing

tomorrows retirees?

For More Information on These For More Information on These Topics Please Visit:Topics Please Visit:http://www.cccalumni.org/history1.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/New_Deal_farmers.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act

http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/malone.electrification.administration.rural

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)

http://www.ssa.gov/history/35actinx.html

franklin d. roosevelt and his new deal eighth grade georgia history advanced mr. richard white...

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