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FRACTURES

Andaleeb Al-Amad College for Nursing and Midwifery

Supervisor : Dr. Bnan Jabir

Prepared By : Lana Lahlabat

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OUTLINE

Definition. Fractures Causes. Types of Fractures.Clinical Manifestations.Emergency Management Medical Management. Nursing Management.Fracture Healing and Complications.

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WHAT IS HEART FRACTURE?•Fracture is complete

or incomplete disruption in the continuity of bone structure and is defined according to its type and extent.

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FRACTURES CAUSES• Fractures causes when the bone is subjected to

stress greater than it can absorb.

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TYPES OF FRACTURES Complete Fractures:

Break across the entire cross section of the bone and is frequently displaced.

Incomplete Fractures-

Green Stick Fracture: break through only part of the cross section of the bone.

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TYPES OF FRACTURES Comminuted Fractures:

produce several bone fragments.

Closed Fractures- Simple

Fracture: doesn't cause a break in the skin.

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TYPES OF FRACTURES Open Fractures- Compound or Complex: the skin

or mucous membrane wound extends to the fractured bone.

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS1. Pain.

2. loss of function.

3. deformity.

4. shortening.

5. crepitus.

6. localized edema and ecchymosis.

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EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Immobilize the body part before the patient is

moved. Splinting: joints distal and proximal to the

suspected fracture site must be supported and immobilized.

Assess neurovascular status before and after splinting.

Open fracture: cover with sterile dressing to prevent contamination or deeper tissues.

don’t attempt to reduce the fracture.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT1. Reduction: restoration of the fracture fragments

to anatomic alignment and positioning. a) Open reduction:

its surgical approach, the fracture fragment are anatomically aligned.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

b) Closed reduction: is accomplished by bringing the bone fragments anatomic alignment through manipulation and manual traction.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT2. Immobilization: the period of fixation required to ensure full

restoration of function varies according to:a) Site of fracture.b) Presence of retained in the line of fracture.c) Age of patient.d) presence or absence of infection.

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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT3. Maintaining and Restoring Function: reduction and immobilization to promote bone

and soft tissue healing.

Edema is controlled by elevating the injured extremely and applying ice.

Neurovascular status is monitored routinely and orthopedic surgeon is notified immediately if signs of Neurovascular compromise develop.

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NURSING MANAGEMENT1. Patient with Closed Fracture:

Instruct the patient regarding the proper methods to control adema and pain.

Teach the patient exercises to maintain the health of unaffected muscles and to increase the strength of muscles needed for transferring and for using assistive devices such as crutches, walkers.

Teach the patient to modify the home environment as needed to ensure safety (ex. Removing floor rugs).

Teach the pateint includes self care, medication information, monitoring for potential complication.

healing fracture takes an average maximum of 6-8 weeks depending on the quality of the patient bone tissue.

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NURSING MANAGEMENT2. Patient with Open Fracture: Prevent infection of the wound, soft tissue, and

bone. Promote healing of bone and soft tissue. IV antibiotics are administrated immediately upon

the patent arrival in the hospital along with tetanus toxoid if needed.

wound irrigation are initiated in the operating room as soon as possible.

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FRACTURE HEALING AND COMPLICATIONS

1. Early Complication:a) Shock.b) Fat Embolism Syndrome.c) Compartment Syndrome.

2. Delayed Complication:a) Delayed Union.b) Avascular Necrosis of Bone.c) Reaction to Internal Fixation Devices.d) Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

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THANKS FOR LISTENING