fractional distillation of crude oil - teachwithict · fractional distillation of crude oil when...
TRANSCRIPT
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil When crude oil reaches the refinery, it is heated un�l it evaporates. As the vapour (hydrocarbon gases) condense back into liquids, the column sorts the different frac�ons from each other and removes them from the sides of the column.
The larger hydrocarbons, with the high boiling points, turn back into liquids at the base of the column and the smaller hydrocarbons stay as gases. They rise up the column and condense at different levels. At the top of the column there are a number of hydrocarbons with low boiling points (between 20ºC and 70ºC) - these remain as gases.
Small Molecules: Low boiling point Very volatile Easier to ignite Flows easily
Large Molecules: High boiling point Not very volatile Harder to ignite Does not flow easily
Crude Oil
Bottled Gas
Petrol(Gasoline)
Chemicals
Jet fuel,Paraffin forlighting and
heating
Diesel fuels
LubricatingOils, Waxes and Polishes
Fuel for Ships, Factories
and CentralHeating
Bitumen forRoads and
Roofing
Refinery Gas < 40°C
Petrol 40°C - 205°C
Residue> 600°C
Naphtha60°C - 100°C
Kerosine175°C - 325°C
Diesel250°C - 350°C
Lubricating Oil300°C - 370°C
Fuel Oil370°C - 600°C
Fractionating column
trucktruck
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COOL(25°C)
HOT(350°C)