four years old children’s physical activity · sedentary pa l boys & girls light pa l boys...
TRANSCRIPT
2014/10/8 1
Shigenori Shirouzu, IEEE Member, Eiko Shirouzu, Yumeka Seno, Shinobu Fujitani,
Sotetsu Katayama, Takeo Masaki and Hisanobu Sugano, IEEE Member
からんこ山の野遊び
Playing at a hill with natural woodland
(Named Karanco mountain)
Four Years Old Children’s Physical Activity:
Can we confirm the difference of physical activity due
to the difference of educational program?
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Children’s physical activity (PA)
USA
1) Obesity of children is a rising crisis in public health.
2) Many scientific efforts
3) Many studies were performed to measure PA and sedentary
behaviors of children.
4) Guidelines for physical activity of children Active Start (National Association for Sport and Physical Education)
Japan
1) Obesity people were few in Japan.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan), Obesity in Japanese,
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/bukyoku/kenkou/seikatu/himan/number.html
2) Very few objective data for children
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a four years old boy
wearing M-BIT
Develop a wearable acceleration and ECG
measuring device (M-BIT), and collect
objective data of children’s
1) Physical activities,
2) Sleep behaviors,
3) Activity of autonomic nervous systems,.
He can do everything he wants.
He can enter sleep without paying
attention to M-BIT.
Our policy
M-BIT
Sampling frequency (ECG:128Hz, ACC:1Hz)
Sampling duration (25 hours)
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Measure of physical activity (MPA) and METs
We resampled acceleration vectors with 0.1Hz (10 seconds interval), and
obtained epoch summations of the difference of the acceleration vector’s
length of two successive vectors as MPA.
Metavine, Vine, Tokyo, Japan
(portable calorimeter)
Simultaneous measurement with M-BIT and Metavine
Subjects (total: 19, female: 3, age: 41.0±15.1 y.o.,
weight: 71.7±14.6kg)
“relax and standing”, “walk slowly”, “walk usually”, “walk
fast” and “walk as fast as you can” five minutes each
METs=1.000+0.201×MPA
(r2=0.77; SEE=±0.87METs).
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Analysis of 24hour data
1) Our epoch duration for analysis was 1 minute.
2) We discriminated sleep and awake area with sleep/awake
estimation based on body movements.
3) During awake we only obtained heart rate (HR). We changed the
level of FREP elimination in awake and sleep.
4) We obtained HR and MPA of all the awake epochs, then we
classified awake epochs to four PA category according to the
estimated METs level from MPA as
sedentary PA (<1.5 METs),
light PA (1.5 METs ≤, < 3 METs),
moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (3 METs≤, < 6METs)
vigorous PA (VPA) (6 METs ≤).
When subjects were awake and showing some level of PA, many false
RR interval (FREP)s were detected.
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Lessons
Playing Music
Tea Ceremony
Folk Dance
Nazareth Kindergarten
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Playing Indoors
Nazareth Kindergarten
2014/10/8 8
Playing Outdoors Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden
Nazareth Kindergarten
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Playing Outdoors
からんこ山の野遊び
Playing at a hill with natural woodland
(Named Karanco mountain) Nazareth Kindergarten
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The difference of physical activity due to the difference of
educational program
Large PA day Normal PA day
A rainy day
Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden
Playing at Karanco mountain
Playing Indoors
Lessons
Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden
Lessons
Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden
Lessons
Playing Indoors
Playing at Kindergarten’s Garden
Home Home
46 children 39 children
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Answer sheet to children and their parents (originally Japanese)
for quick report and their education.
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Large PA day
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Normal PA day
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0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
10 15 20 25 30 35MV
PA
Per
cen
tag
e in
ea
ch
on
e h
ou
r
Time of day (hours)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
10 15 20 25 30 35V
PA
Per
cen
tag
e in
ea
ch
on
e h
ou
r
Time of Day (hours)
Hourly % times of MVPA and VPA
△: Large PA day, ○: Normal PA day
Caranko Mt.
garden
indoor
garden
Caranko Mt.
garden
indoor
garden
two-way ANOVA significant L and N
not girls and boys, interaction
we did not discriminated girls and boys in these figures.
Hourly VPA and MVPA percentages were large during children were in
kindergarten and gradually decreased at their home.
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mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD
sedentary % 44.9 6.5 42.7 6.8 46.9 9.5 48.5 7.3
light % 38.0 4.1 39.4 4.5 40.2 6.1 38.8 4.7
MVPA % 12.4 2.6 12.9 2.3 10.2 3.2 10.1 3.4
VPA % 4.6 2.0 5.0 2.1 2.6 1.2 2.7 1.3
unit
Large PA day Normal PA day
girls boys girls boys
Daily % times for the comparison with previous reports
significant
effect of L and N
effect of L and N
effect of L and N
1 4
3 2
1
4 3
2
Rainy day
Light PA were
large even in
rainy day
not
2014/10/8 16
mean SD mean SD mean SD mean SD
sleep bpm 85.4 9.0 77.6 8.1 78.9 7.3 80.1 7.5
sedentary bpm 113.5 7.8 103.8 7.1 105.2 10.7 106.3 9.7
light bpm 124.2 7.2 114.4 6.1 113.7 11.5 115.8 8.2
MVPA bpm 136.1 8.4 127.2 7.6 124.3 9.0 125.4 8.9
VPA bpm 144.5 6.8 138.4 8.1 133.0 9.1 131.1 10.2
unit
Large PA day Normal PA day
girls boys girls boys
Physical Activity and Heart rate
significance twoway ANOVA simple main effect tests
L and N boys & girls interaction
Sleep
sedentary PA ○ L boys & girls
light PA ○ L boys & girls girls L and N
MVPA ○ L boys & girls girls L and N
VPA ○
Increase of HR depend not only the level of PA but also the length of
continuation of these PA, and with the amount of HR increase of girls were
larger than those of boys.
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MVPA VPA Total
Large PA day 102.0 (18.9) 38.8 (16.9) 140.8 > 120 OK
Normal PA day 82.6 (26.5) 21.7 (9.9) 104.3 < 120 16 minutes shorter
(rainy day)
normal PA days without rain were thought to be locate near recommendation
level
We have to prepare for rainy day, staying indoor all the day.
Here, children showed light PA and did not behave sedentary, just the
improvements of how to move or play indoor may increase PA from light PA to
MVPA.
For example, since, we Japanese live in small wooden house, children are
strictly taught “walk quietly indoor”. Walk quietly indoor belongs light PA.
To change the indoor moving method form quiet walking to skipping, we may
change PA level from light PA to MVPA or VPA.
preschoolers participate 120 min of MVPA daily National Association for Sport and Physical Education of USA
2014/10/8 18
Future issues
With Nazareth Kindergarten
1) To elucidate children’s usual PA
2) Search the method to increase rainy day’s PA
3) Cohort study from 6 month to 5 years old
4) We have been challenged by the Nazareth Kindergarten.
Can you measure the difference on children’s activity of autonomic
nervous system between playing at garden and Caranko Mt.?
In general
1) To measure children who are attending various preschools with
different educational programs and systems.
2) To elucidate the relationship between daytime PA and sleep behavior.