four rules update
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Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Four Rules Update
All4 Inc. Air Quality Training Seminar
Montgomery, AL
December 7, 2010
John P. EganAll4 Inc.
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Four Rules Update
CISWI Rule
Boiler MACT Rules
DSW Rule
Area Major
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Four Rules Update Agenda Regulatory background Definition of solid waste Commercial and industrial solid
waste incinerator (CISWI) rule Major and area source boiler MACT
rules What next
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Regulatory Background Boiler MACT:
• CAA §112 requires MACT for source categories
• Part 63 NESHAP, Subpart DDDDD promulgated for major source ICI Boilers September 2004
• Original rule compliance date September 2007
• Regulated PM (or TSM), HCl, CO, and Hg
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Regulatory Background CISWI:
• CAA §129 requires MACT type standards for CISWI units
• Part 60 NSPS/EGs, Subparts CCCC and DDDD promulgated for CISWI units December 2000
• Original rule compliance date December 2005 or 3 years after SIP approval
• Regulated Cd, CO, D/F, HCl, Pb, Hg, NOX, PM, SO2, and opacity
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Regulatory Background Definition of Solid Waste (DSW):
• Following promulgation of 2000 CISWI rule U.S. EPA granted a petition for reconsideration related to key definitions that limited the universe of CISWI units
• CISWI rule defined commercial and industrial waste as solid waste combusted in an enclosed device…without energy recovery
• EPA accepted a voluntary remand of the CISWI rule without vacatur
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Regulatory Background DSW (cont’d):
• September 2005 U.S. EPA issued a final “CISWI Definitions Rule” to respond to petition and solidify exclusion for units that combust waste with heat recovery
• November 2005 environmental groups file a petition for review of the CISWI Definitions Rule
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Regulatory Background July 2007 U.S. Circuit Court of
Appeals for District of Columbia remanded and vacated the Boiler MACT and CISWI Definitions rules
Yikes!!!
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Regulatory Background June 2010 U.S. EPA formally
publishes proposed new regulations to:• Respond to 2000 voluntary remand of
CISWI Rule• Respond to 2007 court ordered remand
and vacatur of Boiler MACT and CISWI Definitions rules
• Address the 5-year §129 technology review
• Establish area source boiler MACT/GACT as required by CAA §112
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DSW Proposed Rule New RCRA Section 40 CFR Part 241 –
“Identification of Non-Hazardous Secondary Materials That Are Solid Wastes When Used As Fuels or Ingredients In Combustion Units”
Purpose to clarify:• Solid Wastes
CAA Section 129 (CISWI)• Legitimate Fuels
CAA Section 112 (Boiler MACT)
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DSW Solid Waste Exclusions Traditional Fuels:
• Fossil Fuels• Fossil Fuel Derivatives• Clean Cellulosic Biomass
Exclusions listed at 40 CFR 261.4:• Pulping Liquors• Select refinery and coking byproducts• Kraft mill steam stripper condensate• 22 other exemptions
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DSW Non-Waste Determination Control of the Generator Sufficiently Processed Case-by-Case Petition
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DSW Sufficiently Processed Remove or Destroy
Contaminants Improve Fuel Characteristics Improve As-Fired Energy Content Improve Ingredient
Characteristics Minimal operations like
shredding do not constitute sufficient processing
Self Implementing
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DSW Legitimacy Criteria -- Fuels Valuable commodity Storage period Management consistent with an
analogous fuel Protective of the environment Meaningful heat value (>5,000
Btu/lb) Combustion unit recovers energy Comparable or lower contaminant
levels
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DSW Legitimacy Criteria -- Ingredients
Managed as valuable commodities Useful ingredient contribution Valuable product(s) produced Comparable contaminant levels
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CISWI Section 129 Rule Basics All sources (size does not matter) Standards set for opacity and nine (9)
pollutants:• Cd, CO, PCDD/PCDF, HCl, Pb, Hg, NOX,
PM/PM2.5, and SO2
Operator training Siting Requirements Modification per 40 CFR Part 60,
Subpart A
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CISWI Applicability/Subcategories Determined by the definition of
solid waste Incinerators Energy Recovery Units Waste-Burning Kilns Burn-Off Oven Small Remote Incinerators
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CISWI Exclusions & Exemptions Qualifying Small Power
Production Facilities Qualifying Cogeneration Facilities Metals Recovery Facilities Hazardous Waste Combustion
Units Other previous exemptions have
been removed
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CISWI EG Implementation SchedulePromulgated Rule
Published in Federal Register
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
State Plans dueto EPA
Latest ComplianceDate
Federal PlanCompliance Date
EPA ApprovesState Plan
(moving target)
Compliance Date(≤ 3 years fromEPA approval)
Federal PlanProposed
Federal PlanPromulgated
Year -1
Proposed Rule Published in
Federal Register (June 4, 2010)
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CISWI NSPS Implementation SchedulePromulgated Rule
Published in Federal Register
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Compliance date for New Units
(6 months frompromulgation)
Year -1
Proposed Rule Published in
Federal Register (June 4, 2010)
“New Unit” Date
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CISWI - What should you be doing?
Promulgated Rule Published in
Federal Register
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
State Plans dueto EPA
Latest ComplianceDate
Federal PlanCompliance Date
EPA ApprovesState Plan
(moving target)
Compliance Date(≤ 3 years fromEPA approval)
Federal PlanProposed
Federal PlanPromulgated
Year -1
Proposed Rule Published in
Federal Register
Educate yourself. Consider
Commenting.
Participate in State Plan process.
Develop Compliance
Strategy.Potential AQ Construction
Permitting Activities.
Compliance Testing
Activities.
Potential Retrofit/ Monitor Upgrade
Activities.
Understand Final Rule.
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Boiler MACT Applicability Major Source / Area Source Boiler or Process Heater Not Specifically Exempt Combust Traditional Fuels:
• Fossil Fuels• Fossil Fuel Derivatives• Clean Cellulosic Biomass
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Boiler MACT Major SourceRegulated Pollutant → Surrogate
Mercury (Hg) Non-Mercury
Metallic HAP Non-Metallic
Inorganic HAP Non-Dioxin
Organic HAP Dioxins/Furans
(D/F)
→
→
→
→
→
None
Particulate Matter (PM)
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
None
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Boiler MACT Area SourceRegulated Pollutant → Surrogate
Mercury (Hg) Non-Mercury
Metallic HAP Organic HAP
(including D/F)
→
→
→
None
Particulate Matter (PM)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
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Boiler MACT Emission Limits New, Reconstructed, or Existing Fuel Fired (Coal, Biomass, Liquid,
Gaseous) Boiler Size Boiler Type (Stoker, Fluidized Bed,
Suspensions Burners/Dutch Ovens, Fuel Cells, Liquid Fuels, Gaseous Fuels)
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Boiler MACT Fuel Categories Coal - ≥ 10% heat input from coal on
annual basis. Biomass - ≥ 10% heat input from biomass
and < 10% heat input from coal on annual basis.
Liquid - ≥ 10% heat input from liquid and < 10% heat input from solid fuel on annual basis.
Gaseous - combusts gaseous fuel and < 10% liquid or solid heat input on annual basis.
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Boiler MACT Emission StandardsNew Units Proposed MACT Vacated MACT
PM
Oil-Fired 0.002 lb/MMBtu 0.030 lb/MMBtu
Coal-Fired 0.001 lb/MMBtu 0.025 lb/MMBtu
Wood-Fired 0.008 lb/MMBtu 0.025 lb/MMBtu
CO
Oil-Fired 1 ppmvd @ 3% O2 400 ppmvd @ 3% O2
Coal-Fired 90 ppmvd @ 3% O2 400 ppmvd @ 7% O2
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Boiler MACT Compliance Strategy Major vs. Minor Emission Averaging Fuel Sampling Fuel Switching Health-Based Compliance Alternative
(HBCA)?
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Boiler MACT Emission Averaging PM, HCl, or Hg Affected Existing Boiler and Same
Subcategory • 10% Discount Factor
Common Stack Provisions Emission Averaging Plan
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Boiler MACT Fuel Sampling Available for Hg & HCl Determine “Worst-Case” Fuel Mixture Statistical Analyses Recordkeeping Fuel Sampling & Analysis Plan
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Boiler MACT Plans Emission Averaging Plan Site-Specific Test Plan Site-Specific Monitoring Plan Fuel Sampling & Analysis Plan Energy Assessment
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Boiler MACT Energy Assessment Area and Major Sources Cost-Effective Conservation
Measures What Equipment? Energy Management Program (Major
Only)
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Boiler SSM Plans & Reports No SSM Exemptions No SSM Plan Requirement No Periodic SSM Plan Report
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CISWI & Boiler MACT Planning Notification Requirements Ongoing Monitoring & Testing Recordkeeping & reporting
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What Next? U.S. EPA under court ordered
deadline to finalize CISWI and Boiler MACT rules by December 16, 2010.
In response to comments on proposed rules U.S. EPA sent out additional ICRs.
Court deadline for final rules extended to January 14, 2011.
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Latest Info Some roll back expected on
stringency of standards. No word yet on final approach for
defining solid waste – clarifying boiler vs. CISWI.
U.S. EPA to provide a status report this afternoon at AWMA info exchange.