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TRANSCRIPT
Research Methods for Social Welfare
Introduction
Byungdeok Kang
Handong Global University
Human Services and Social Work
Why Study Social Research?
Connections between Practice and Research
Steps in practice
Steps in research
Types of Research
Basic research
Applied research
Week 1
Human Services & Social work
Human Services
Definition: Activities and/or Programs for people to have a better life
Social Work
Mission of social work
- Enhancing social functioning
- Linking clients systems with needed resources
- Improving the operation of the social service delivery network
- Promoting social justice
Why Do We Study Social Research?
Q: Why use up so much social work education on research methods when my helping skills are not fully developed?
Q: The odds that I am going to do research are slim. Do I still need to study research?
Q: Even if I accept the notion that social work research is valuable, I still believe that the researchers should do their thing, and I’ll do mine. Any problems?
Q: Why can’t we just let the researchers produce the needed studies and then tell us (practitioners) the results? What’s wrong?
Q: I am pretty sure that there are other ways to have professional knowledge in social work? Then, why study only research?
Common Foundations of Social Work(DuBois & Miley, 2005)
Social Work Practice
Values & Principles Knowledge Skills
Why study social research?
Source of Knowledge (Alphabetical Order)
Authority
Common Sense
Experience (Firsthand experiences)
Mass Media
Science
Revelation
Tradition
Authority
-The status of the knowledge discoverer / deliverer: an expert, a supervisor, etc.
- All humans are vulnerable to making a mistake.
Common Sense
- “Rainbow causes rainfall? No sense
- It is not teachable.
Mass Media
- Newspaper, TV show, Magazines, etc.
- Journalist’s work = fact + editorials/opinions
Science
- Use of scientific methods
Revelation
- Understanding by a supernatural being
Tradition
- Family culture, community culture, etc.: accepting what everybody knows
- What everybody knows can be wrong (“earth is flat.”)
Possible Flaws in Unscientific Sources of
Knowledge
Inaccurate Observation (부정확한 관찰)
Overgeneralization (과도한 일반화)
Selective Observation (선별적 관찰)
Ex Post Facto Hypothesizing (사후소급가설 설정)
Ego Involvement in Understanding (자아가 개입된 이해)
Scientific Method?
“An approach to inquiry that attempts to safeguard against errors commonly made in casual human inquiry” (p. 6)
Provisional
EmpiricalPursuit of Objectivity
Replication
Why study social Research?
Social Research
What is social research?
systematic examination (or reexamination) of empirical
data, collected by someone firsthand, concerning the social
or psychological forces operating in a situation
(Monette, Sullivan, & Dejong, 2007, p. 3)
Social Work Practice = Practice + Value + Research
그러나 지식은 사람을 교만하게 할 뿐덕을 세우는 것은 사랑입니다.
(고전 8:1)
Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up. (1 Corinthians 8:1)
Objectivity and Subjectivity in Scientific Inquiry
A paradigm is a fundamental model or frame that organizes our view of something: a philosophical underpinning.
Paradigms organize our observation, shape our understandings, and influence how we explain and do things.”
Key Areas of Debate over Paradigm related to Research
- The nature of reality
- Pursuit of objectivity
Objectivity and Subjectivity in Scientific Inquiry
Positivist paradigm
independent reality: reality…? out there!
Social constructivist paradigm
value-laden reality: reality…? multiple forms!
Objectivity and Subjectivity in Scientific Inquiry
Scientific Method …
Provisional
Empirical
Pursuit of objectivity
Replication
Is it Possible?
What does it mean?
Scientific Methods = Scientific Agreement
reaching standards/criteria
Effort of Objectification (객관화를위한노력)
Reality …
Objective? Subjective?
Efforts of Objectification
Positivist scientific findings …
Social constructionist scientific findings …
evidence
to show that
something
exists or is true
communication
Mutual Understanding / Social Consensus
Steps in Social Work Micro Practice?
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? ?
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Social work Practice: EBP
Evidence-based Practice (EBP)
A process in which practitioners make practice decisions in light of the best research evidence available (p. 23).
Steps in Evidence-based Practice (EBP)
1. Formulate a question to answer practice needs
2. Search for the evidence
3. Appraise the relevant studies you find
4. Determine which evidence-based intervention is most appropriate for your clients
5. Apply the evidence-based intervention
6. Evaluation and feedback
Connections Practice and Research
Phases of Helping/Practice Process
1. Phase I – Exploration, Engagement, Assessment, and Planning
Problem Assessment
Formulation of an Intervention Strategy
2. Phase II - Implementation and Goal Attainment
Implementation
3. Phase III – Termination
Evaluation
Closure
Documentation and Dissemination
Steps in Conducting Research
Problem Formulation
Research Design Development
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusions
Public Dissemination
Connections Practice and Research
Similarities between Practice and Research
Practice Key Research
Problem assessment Importance / Feasibility Problem formulation
Strategy Formulation Planning what to do Research design
Implementation Do actionData collection /
analysis
Evaluation Check Reconfirmation
Closure Review Conclusions
Documentation Distribution Dissemination
Connections Practice and Research
Integrative Model of EBP
Client Attributes
Best Research Evidence
Practitioner’s Expertise
EBP
Types of Research
Basic Research
Applied Research
Needs assessment
Assessment of client functioning
Program evaluation
Practice effectiveness evaluation
Action research
Social Impact Assessment (SIA) research
Questions?