foundations of philippine polity

8/3/2019 Foundations of Philippine Polity

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Foundations of Philippine Polity

Pat Ray M. Dagapioso


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Pre-Spanish Government

Barangay

A settlement composed of more or

less 100 families

Possesed the four elements of a

state:

A. Government

B. People C. Territory

E. Sovereignty


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Barangay:

Rules by a Datu

Assisted by the Council of Elders(Maginoos)

Roles of a Datu:

A. Chief Executive

B. Law-Giver C. Chief Judge

D. Military Head


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Barangay:

Two of the known laws

promulgated: A. Kalantiaw Code (1433 AD)

B. Maratas Code (1250 AD)

Laws promulgated are either: A. Written B. Unwritten


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Spanish Government

Las Islas de Filipinas was under

the Spanish Colonization for four

decades Spans exactly in 333 years

Philippines has been under the

power of different Spanish

agencies


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Spanish Government

Philippines was governed:

A. Mexico: 1565-1821

B. Council of Indies: 1821 1837 C. Council of Ministers: 1837-1863

D. Ministry of Ultramar: 1863-1898


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Spanish Government

Spanish Government in the

Philippines can be described as:

A. Centralized B. National in scope


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Spanish Government

Political Divisions:

A. King of Spain

B. Council of Indies C. Governor General

D. Encomendero/Alcalde Mayor

E. Gobernadorcillo

F. Cabeza de Barangay


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Spanish Government

Political Divisions:


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Spanish Government

Executive and Legislative Powersare vested in the GovernorGeneral

The Governor General is assistedby the Board of Authorities and theCouncil of Administration

Judicial System:

A. Royal Audiencia

B. Courts of First Instance

C. Justice of the Peace Courts


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Revolutionary Government

Filipino freedom fighters organized themselvesinto a de facto government after the existence ofthe Katipunan was revealed to the Spanishauthorities.

Filipino governments during the revolution:

A. The Katipunan

B. Biak-na-Bato Republic

C. Distatorial Government

D. Revolutionary Government

E. First Philippine Republic


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Katipunan

First began as a secret society in August 26, 1896.

Organized by Andreas Bonifacio, its centralgovernment was vested in the Supreme Council(Kataastaasang Sanggunian)

Provincial Council was established for provincialoperations.

Popular Council established for town leveloperations.

Endeth on March 21, 1897.


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Biak-na-Bato Republic

Established on November 1, 1897 by Gen.

Emilio Aguinaldo. Has a constituion that is in effect

(supposedly) for 2 years.

The Biak-na-Bato declared the separationof Philippines from Spain.

Endeth of December 15, 1897.


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Dictatorial Government

Established on on May 24, 1898, by Gen.

Aguinaldo through the orders of theAmericans.

Achievements:

A. Proclamation of Philippine Independence B. Reorganization of Local Governmenta

Endeth on June 23, 1898.


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Revolutionary Government

Established on June 23, 1898, by Aguinaldo

again. Aims: A. Struggle for independence of the Philippines

B. Recognition of Philippines as an independent

State C. Prepare the Philippines for a real republic

Endeth on Septemebr 15, 1898.


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First Philippine Republic

Established on September 15, 1898.

Framed through the famed MalolosConstitution.

Several departments were createdthrough this republic, among these are:

A. Department of Education

B. Department of Foreign Affairs

Existed up to March 23, 1901.


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American Government

After the Spaniards, the Americans cameto subjugate Filipinos under itsimperialistic aims of being the next

superpower. Three governments under the Americans:

A. Military Government

B. Civil Government C. Commonwealth Government


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Military Government

April 14, 1898 the military governmentwas established by the Americans.Lasted up to 1901.

The highest officer of the land is the Military Governor.

Powers:

A. Executive B. Legislative

C. Judicial


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Civil Government

July 4, 1901 civil government was

inaugurated in the Philippines.

Headed first by a Civil Government, laterrenamed as Governor-General.

Most famous Governor General was

William Howard Taft, who went ot

become a president of the USA.


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Civil Government

Powers of Governor General:

A. President of the Philippine Commission.

Philippine Commision (upper house) and thePhilippine Assembly (lower house)

lawmaking bodies in 1901-1916. Both are

precursor to the Senate and House of

Representatives today. B. Executive Powers.


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Civil Government

During this time, two Resident

Commissioners were elected by the

Philippine Legislature.

These commissioners had seats in the

House of Representatives in the US.

However they dont have the right to vote

on issues at hand.


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Commonwealth Government

Tydings-McDuffie Law, establisehd the

Commonwealth Government on March

24, 1934.

Commonweath Government a

transition government made to establish

to prepare Filipinos to independence and

self-governance.


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Inaugurated on November 15, 1935, its

first President was Pres. Manuel Quezon.

The Commonwealth Governmentpossess:

A. Executive

B. Legislative

C. Judicial Powers.


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A. Executive:

Presidential and Republican in form.

B. Legislative:

Congress: i. Senate

ii. House of Representatives

C. Judiciary: i. Supreme Court

ii. Inferior Courts


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Endeth on: President Osmenas term on

February 27, 1945.

Reality: The Filipinos had utmost control over its

domestic policies, but the Americans still has

the final authority over foreign affairs.


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Japanese Government

During World War II, the JapaneseImperial Forces occupied the Philippinesas part of the Pacific Theatre of the war.

Japanese Military Administrator wasestablished in January 3, 1942.

A civil government was established with

executive and legislative powers:Philippine Executive Commission.


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Japanese Government

Republic of the Philippines was established

in October 14, 1943.

Though, this can be branded as a puppet

government it held a significant mark in

Philippine history and politics.

Ultimate source of authority was the

Japanese military authority andgovernment.

Endeth on August 17, 1945.


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Third Philippine Republic

July 4, 1946 after the liberation of thePhilippines from Japan,Philippines has beendeclared independent with Manuel Roxas aspresident.

Presidents during this era: A. Roxas

B. Quirino

C. Magsaysay

D. Garcia

E. Macapagal

F. Marcos


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Marcos: Bagong Lipunan

Took office on Dec. 30, 1965, President

Ferdinand Marcos has been branded as

the most brillant of all Philippine

Presidents, albeit the most corrupt.

Amended 1935 Constitution to suit his

whims, thereby the inauguration of 1973

constitution.


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Proclamation 1081: declared Martial Law

in September 21, 1973.

Martial Law: Congress was abolished,opposition leaders and critics were

imprisoned or just disappeared.

Desaparecidos: the Disappeared.


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Marcos assumed the powers of:

A. Executive

B. Legislative

C. Judicial

Presidential Decrees and fully controlledBatasang Pambansa made Marcos a

complete dictator. Hes the only president who had been in

Third and Fourth Republics.


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Aquino Presidency:

Democracy restored

February 2 1986 Marcos declared snapelections. A contest of the presidencywas vied by both Marcos and Cory, the

wife of Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr. Massive cheating and impatience of the

Marcos government led to EDSA PeoplePower Revolution on February 22-25,1986.


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Aquino Presidency:

Democracy restored

Cory became the first woman presidentthereafter.

Established the Fifth Republic through the

Freedom Constitution through Proclamationno. 3.

Convened a Constitutional Commissionwhich is mandated to draft the 1987

Constitution. Did not run for office in 1992 presiddential

elections.


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Fidel Ramos: Tiger Economy

Former engineer, former military officer,

became one of the most effective

presidents of the country.

Helped economic and structural

problems in the country.

Prioritized privitization and deregulation,

and opening the country to foreign

investment.


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Fidel Ramos: Tiger Economy

Helped stabilize the electrivity problems

that rocked the ountry in 1992.

Signed peace agreement with the MNLFin 1996.


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Joseph Estrada:

Abrupt Presidency

A movie star who rose to the upperechelons of politics, his presidency wasriddled wiht allegations of graft and

corruption. Impeached by the House in Novemebr

2000, his trial was discontinued in 2001.

Ousted in power, through EDSA PeoplePower 2.


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Gloria Arroyo: Strong Republic

Came into power after the EDSA People

Power, former senator, former Vice-

President.

In Power for 9 years, made significant

advances in business, economy and

infrastructure.

Her administration was best by scandals

and corruption.


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President Noy: Matuwid na Daan

Son of popular politcal actors: Cory andNinoy, President Noy overwhelminglywon the 2010 presidential elections.

Presidency bounded on reforms,transparency and accountability.

Criticisms include: inefficiency, gross

immaturity of Aquino bureaucracy, andeconomy backlog.


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The End

foundations of philippine polity

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