foundations of information systems

8/3/2019 Foundations of Information Systems

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What Is a System?

System: A set of components that work together toachieve a common goal

Subsystem: One part of a system where the productsof more than one system are combined to reach anultimate goal

Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no

contact with other systems

Open system: System that interfaces with othersystems


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Information is data in processed andorganized form.

Information system is -

An organized combination of people,networks and data resources that

collects, transforms anddisseminates information.

What is Information & InformationSystem?


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Uses of Information Systems in

business

Support business operations internet, intranet

and extranet etc. Guide managerial decision making

Provide strategic and competitive advantage to

the organization


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Types of Information Systems


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Types of Management Support

Systems

Transaction Processing systems

Management Information Systems

Decision Support Systems

Executive Information Systems


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Transaction Processing System

Transaction - set of operations that transforms datafrom one consistent state to another.

TPS Cycle involves (collectively calledMANIPULATION):

a) Data Capturing

b) Data Processing

c) Database Updating

d) Report Generation

e) Inquiry Processing


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Management Information System

(MIS)MIS is- Organized approach

To gather data from inside and outside the company Processing it by computer

To produce accurate reports for decision makers.

MIS example University as example

Inputs: students, faculty, textbooks

Processing mechanisms: teaching, research, service

Output: graduates

Goal: acquisition of knowledge


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Decision Support System (DSS)

A decision support system (DSS) is a computerprogram application that analyzes business dataand presents it so that end users (managers) can

make business decisions more easily.Example:

Comparative sales figures between one week and

the next.


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Executive Information System (EIS)

EIS is specialized form of DSSs that are tailored to thestrategic information needs of the top management.

Example - a report of a company's financial and businesssituation.

Advantages:

It provides critical and selected information as per need.

Structured to display summary data of the businessenvironment.

Allows examination of areas that warrant further attention.


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DSS V/s EISSimilarities-

Both are made up of several distinct components.

Both are designed to support and improve the decision-makingprocess.

Dissimilarities-

The presentation components are typically not as sophisticated in a

DSS. DSS were developed to support decisions from the middle level up,

while an EIS concentrates on supporting the very top level ofmanagement.

Finally, a detailed analysis can then be performed using theDSS, by an analyst, not an executive.


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Queries
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Summary

An Information System is therefore an organised combination ofpeople, h/w.s/w, networks and data resources that collects,

transforms and disseminates information

Business Information Systems are used toSupport business operations

Guide managerial decision makingProvide strategic and competitive advantage to the organisation

Types of information systemsTransaction Processing systems

Management Information Systems

Decision Support Systems

Executive Information Systems


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foundations of information systems

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