Foundations for Domestic Developments

Different types of foundation

• Strip

• Pile

Concrete Strip Foundationfor Cavity Wall

Foundations

• Here we see the lines marked out on the ground.

• These are the guide lines used by the excavator operator to remove the foundation soil.

• Lines are put on from the crossheads.

Marking out foundations

• Previous slide shows double lines to indicate width of foundation.

• An alternative is to use a single centre line.

• Dry lime or sawdust is used to mark out the foundations.

Foundations

• All structures require a foundation.

• The foundation supports the building loads and distributes them to the surrounding subsoil's.

• Foundation type must suit building and site.

• Choice has to be made.

Foundations crosshead

• A crosshead in position.• Used when setting out the

building.• Dimensions are marked out

on horizontal crosshead by the engineer.

• Dimensions for founds, walls and frameworks clearly marked.

Foundations

• Trench is excavated for the strip foundation.

• Wooden peg are driven in at suitable intervals.

• These pegs are levelled to the depth of concrete.

• Concrete will be poured to the depth of the pegs.

• Concrete left to harden before building starts.

Foundations

• Here we see some concrete poured into the foundation trench.

• Reinforcement is being placed to give added strength to the foundation.

• Concrete finally poured to top of pegs.

Foundations

• Foundation concrete has being allowed to gain sufficient strength.

• Bricklayer will now commence building the footings to the building.

• Footings are built up to ground level.

Pile Foundations

• Pile foundations are used underling substrata is weak.

• The most cost affective solution is to use driven pre-cast concrete piles.

• These piles must be driven to suitable depth of bearing strata.

Pile Foundations

• Piles are cut of at ground level to expose reinforcement.

• Permanent formwork is built to support concrete.

• Note wall are built from a concrete mud mat.

Stepped Strip Foundations

• These are used on sloping sites to reduce the amount of excavation and materials needed to produce an adequate foundation.