fossil fuels chapter 11. energy consumption per capita energy consumption
TRANSCRIPT
Fossil Fuels
Chapter 11
Energy Consumption
Per capita energy consumption
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption in the US
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption in the US
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption in the US
Fossil Fuels
Are nonrenewable resources
How Fossil Fuels Formed
Coal
Types of Coal:
• Lignite (lowest quality)
• Subbituminous coal
• Bituminous coal
• Anthracite (highest quality)
Coal
Coal Reserves
Coal
Two basic types of Coal Mining:
1) Subsurface (underground)
2) Surface
Coal
Safety Problems Associated with Coal
1) Increased risk of cancer
2) Black lung disease
Coal
Environmental Impacts of the Mining Process:
• Prior to 1977, most surface mines were abandoned.
• Leading to water pollution and acid mine drainage.
• Current law requires all surface mines to be reclaimed.
Coal
Environmental Impacts of Burning Coal:
• Increases CO2 concentration in atmosphere
• Lower quality coals release sulfur and nitrogen dioxides, causing acid
deposition
Coal
Making Coal a Cleaner Fuel
• Using scrubbers
• Using fluidized-bed combustion
Oil and Natural Gas
World commercial energy sources for electrical power:
Oil and Natural Gas
Petroleum refining
Oil and Natural Gas
Exploration for Oil and Natural Gas
Oil and Natural Gas
Reserves of Oil
Oil and Natural Gas
Reserves of Natural Gas
Oil and Natural Gas
Global Oil Demand and Supply
North America & Western Europe
Consumption Production
Persian Gulf region
50.6% 28.9%
5.9% 26.7%
Oil and Natural Gas
Environmental Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas
• Production – Land disturbance
• Transport – Oil spills
• Combustion –– Pollution
– Increased CO2 emissions
– Acid deposition
Oil and Natural Gas
Largest Oil Spill in the US: Alaska, 1989
Oil and Natural Gas
Largest Oil Spill in the US: Alaska, 1989
Oil and Natural Gas
Case-in-Point:
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Synfuels and Other Potential Fossil Fuel Resources
Synthetic fuel sources:
• Tar sands (oil sands)
• Oil shales
• Gas hydrates
• Coal liquefaction
• Coal gasification
Problem: these all still produce CO2
The U.S. Energy Strategy
Obj. 1: Increase energy efficiency and conservation
The U.S. Energy Strategy
Obj. 1: Increase energy efficiency and conservation
Obj. 2: Secure future fossil fuel energy supplies
Obj. 3: Develop alternative energy sources
Obj. 4: Meet above objectives without further damage to the environment