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Fortification of Palm Oil in Indonesia: From Research to Mandatory SNI
By
Drajat Martianto
FACULTY MEMBER AT THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY NUTRITION, FACULTY OF HUMAN ECOLOGY, BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
INDONESIA NUTRITION FOUNDATION FOR FOOD FORTIFICATION (KFI)
Jogjakarta, 27 November 2014
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 1
OUTLINE
BACKGROUND : WHY PALM OIL FORTIFICATION WITH VITAMIN A?
STEPS TOWARD MANDATORY PALM OIL FORTIFICATION
LESSONS LEARNT
WHAT NEXT
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 2
• Xerophthalmia has decreased to 0.33% in 1992, a level at which vitamin A deficiency was no longer considered a public health problem (Muhilal et al,1994) The reduction mainly due to success of the national campaign to provide a high-dose vitamin A capsule twice a year to children under 5 years however: • VAD as indicated by serum retinol concentrations < 0.7 umol/L persists as a public health problem (affecting 10% to > 50%) of population subgroups according to some studies
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VAD REMAIN A PROBLEM IN INDONESIA
Complementary Interventions To Control Micronutrient Deficiensies
Improve Food and Nutrition
Security
Fortified Foods
Dietary Diversity
Supplementation
Improved Crop Productivity
Crop Biofortification
Nutrition
Education
4 27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto
5
GLOBAL STRATEGY TO ELIMINATE MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES (V.Mannar, MI, 2003’ Soekirman, 2008)
Supplementation
T I M E
Rel
ativ
e co
ntr
ibu
tio
n o
f
inte
rven
tio
ns
to e
lim
inat
e M
ND
Fortification
Balance Diet
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto
• Vitamin A = oil soluble • Vitamin A stable in cooking oil • Cooking Oil (lipids) help improve
absorption and utilization of Vitamin A • Cooking (palm) Oil widely consumed, even
by the poor • Technology established, simple • Very low additional cost (< 0.5%)
Vitamin A Fortification of Cooking (Palm) Oil (Abraham, V. 2001. Fortification of Edible Oils with Vitamin A in Asia: - Fact or Fantasy)
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 6
• Mixing
•pre-dilution of vitamin A
•Mix homogeneusly at mixing tank using turbin or propeller, or using dosifier
• Properly packed
• Avoid sunlight during distribution and storage
Packaging Mixing Tank
Eg. 8 tons
Pre-dilution
Simple technology
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POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN
MASYARAKAT DAPAT
BERUBAH MELALUI
borrowing,
diffusion
migration
education
regulation
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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Important: Study of Oil consumption Distribution Efficacy Efectiveness Cost Effectiveness
INDUSTRY QUESTIONS:
Is it necessary?
Is there any academic evidences of the efficacy?
What cost and who pay the cost?
Is the government QC system “ready”?
What is (are) the risk(s) and who will pay?
What is the implication of uncompliance?
What is the sustainability of investment?
Etc..
CONSUMER QUESTIONS:
What are the health benefits?
What cost and who will pay the cost?
Is it safe? (short and long term)?
Will it reduce the quality of oil and food?
Will it change the buying, storage, and handling habits? Etc..
Study results: PALM OIL IS AMONG BEST CARRIER OF VITAMIN A, WIDELY CONSUMED BY INDONESIAN
18
.6
15
.9
17
.4
21
.9
32
.2
23
.7
19
.5
24
.3
25
.8
22
.5 25
.7
24
.2
23
.2
22
.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Medan Deli
Serdang
Surabaya Malang Bogor Bekasi Total
Konsumsi Minyak Goreng pada Rumahtangga Miskin
dan No- Miskin (G/kap/hr)
Miskin
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20 I 20 II 20 III 20 IV 20 V
KONSUMSI (gram/hr)
COOKING OIL CONSUMPTION BY QUINTILE OF INCOME (NATIONAL
Desa Kota INDONESIA
• Consumed by almost hundred percent of households based on national socio-economic surveys
• KFI and MI study: average cooking oil intake 23.5 g/day; 20.5 g/day among women, and among U-5 children 17.3 g/day
• Litle variation among economic strata
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73
27
KFI and MI Study, 2004/05 - Number of Refinery +/- 30 - More than 70 percent of
plam oil are unbranded, unpacked only mandatory fortification will be effective
- Turnover of unbranded palm oil less than 1 month
UNBRANDED
BRANDED
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Study on Cooking Oil Distribution Chain and Turnover of Unbranded Oil (KFI & MI, 2004/2005)
Source: (KFI & MI, 2005)
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OUTLINE
Background
STEPS TOWARD MANDATORY
PALM OIL FORTIFICATION
LESSONS LEARNT
WHAT NEXT
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MANDATED SNI & PACKAGING OF UNBRANDED PALM OIL
2
3
5
• WORKSHOPS, COUNTRY INVESTMENT PLAN • FEASIBILITY STUDIES
1
> 2015
2009-2010
2008-2009
2002-2008
• PILOT PROJECT AT MAKASSAR (SMALL TRIAL) • EVECTIVENESS STUDY
• ADVOCACY AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PPP • NATIONAL STRATEGY (NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION ACTION PLAN) INCLUDES VITAMIN A FORTIFICATION
13 Drajat Martianto
STEPS TOWARD MANDATORY PALM OIL FORTIFICATION
4
2010-2014
• SCALING UP • FURTHER EFFECTIVENESS AND STABI- LITY STUDY • ISSUANCE OF NATIONAL STANDARD (SNI) • NOTIFICATION TO WTO FOR MANDATORY PALM OIL FORTIFICATION
27 November 2014
INITIATING PUBLIC-PRIVATE INITIATIVE: THE CHALLANGES
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How to bring Public-Private
Dialogue and Investment to:
Integrate public health activities with business models for efficiency and sustainability
Integrate business models with health objectives for increased impact on micronutrient deficiencies
GOOD
HEALTH
G O O D B U S I N E S S
courtesy of Barbara Lochman, ADB (2010)
Step 1: “Create stakeholder awareness”
• Conduct series of work-shops, seminar, dialoques since 2002 (KFI, MoH, MoI, etc)
• Develop a Country Investmen Plan (CIP) in 2003 (CFNS IPB, MoF, etc)
• Feasibility Studies (KFI, MI, IPB, Health Politechnique Jakarta + 5 provinces)
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• Funded by ADB-JFPR Project through MOH (Nutrition Division)
• Managed by KFI-MoH, involving
Universities, Local Government officials and Oil Distributor
• Almost 2 years spent to find industry partner (“CV TERONG”)
• Distributed exclussively at Barranglompo Island for reasearch purposes, and for other consumer at Makassar City through normal distribution
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Step 2: “PILOT PHASE: colecting evidences through field trial”
Activities • Advocacy to local govt and industries • Development of Small Scale Vitamin
A Fortification (SSF) of Palm Oil (production capacity 8 tons per day) – but, real production for Pilot was only 200 tons
• Homogeneity & Stability in Production and Distribution
• Vitamin A Retention in Oil and Food • Consumer Acceptance & Willingnes
to pay) • Expert Product Panels • Nutrition & Biological Impact
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Step 2: “PILOT PHASE: colecting evidences through field trial”
• Prevalensi KVA (RE<20 mg/dl) menurun sedikitnya 50% pada semua
kelompok umur
• Penurunan prevalensi KVA dari Baseline ke Endline terjadi sangat signifikan.
Result of KFI-GAIN-MoH study in Tasikmalaya and
Ciamis (Sanjaya et al, 2013)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Vita
min
A d
efic
ien
cy (s
eru
m
Ret
ino
l <20
ug
/dL
, CR
P/A
GP
-ad
just
ed
Baseline July 2011
Endline July 2012
18 27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto
KEY FINDINGS DURING DISTRIBUTION
Vitamin A stable during distribution
Stable during frying (retention of Vit A ranged from 54% after 3rd frying up to 94% at 1st frying)
Consumer acceptance confirmed
Willingnes to buy at additional cost of max Rp100,-
Makassar Study; Biological impact confirmed Mean of retinol serum rises from 23.3 µg/dl to 26.6 µg/dl (3.3 µg/dl) and Prevalence of VAD decreases 8.6 % points or 32%.
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Step 3: “Advocacy: Put Oil fortification at National Policy”
• Conduct series of advocacy to government and industries
• Establishment of National Fortification alliance (NFA) (by Ministry of National Planning/Bappenas) to assist the Govt’ to control VAD by stregnthening the policy, legislation and regulation
• SC headed by Bappenas: members: industries, regulatory and monitoring bodies, bilateral agencies, adamics
• Control VAD through oil fortification icnluded at National Food and Nutrition Plan Action 2011-2015
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2015
Step 4: “SCALING UP: FIND THE CHAMPION INDUSTRY AND ESTABLISH SNI” • Funds supported by GAIN (through KFI) and GoI (Bappenas, MoH,
MoI, for reasearch and meetings)
• Stakeholders involve:
Government :
Ministry of National Planning/Bappenas,
MoH, MoI, MoT, BPOM
Industries:
Wilmar (since 2010: 2 refineries: South Sumatra and Jambi;
distributed to Jambi, West Sumatra, West and Central Java)
Mega Surya Mas/MSM – East Java (since 2010: distrubuted to
East Java, and some to Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and Kalimantan),
Asian Agri-Jakarta (2013) ; Wings Food-East Java (2013)
Research Center:
SEAFAST, Reasearch and Development Bureau MoH
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 21
Step 4: “SCALING UP: FIND THE CHAMPION INDUSTRY AND ESTABLISH SNI”
ACTIVITIES: • STRENGTHENING SOCIAL
MARKETING AND ADVOCACY • SUPPORTING PRODUCTION AT
INDUSTRY AND DISTRIBUTION (initial target: 2.3 million tons
unbranded palm oil fortified and consumed by 125 million of people)
• FURTHER EFFECTIVENESS AND STABILITY STUDY
• STRENGTHENING MONITORING AN EVALUATION (QA/QC)
• LEGISLATION: ESTABLISHING NATIONAL STANDARD (SNI)
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 22
Step 4: “SCALING UP: FIND THE CHAMPION INDUSTRY AND ESTABLISH SNI”
PROGRESS: • Series of advocacy through TV dialogues,
workshops have been done • 5 big industries involve in production (multiplier effect: 4 branded oil are
fortified at present : SUNCO, SOFIA, FORVITA, and ROSEBRAND) • SNI 7709-2012 issued by BSN Mandatory SNI is expected to be
launched at the end of 2013/early 2014 • QA/QC system is being developed, the
QC team (BPOM and industry) have been trained, incl. using Icheck Chroma
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 23
Copy
SNI 7709:2012
SNI STANDAR NASIONAL INDONESIA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
National Standard of Indonesia
Minyak goreng sawit
(Palm Oil)
ICS 67.200.10 Badan Standardisasi Nasional
National Bureau of Standardization
Production of Fortified Palm Oil
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 24
Unbranded oil Branded oil
Wilmar 2 refineries: South Sumatra and Jambi; distributed to Jambi, West Sumatra, West and Central Java. Voluntary also produce branded fortified oil Mega Surya Mas/MSM: East Java; distrubuted to East Java, and some to Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and Kalimantan). Voluntary also produce branded fortified oil Asian Agri-Jakarta – production will start at end of October 2013 Wings Food-East Java – production will start end end of October 2013
OUTLINE
Background
STEPS TOWARD MANDATORY PALM OIL
FORTIFICATION
LESSONS LEARNED
WHAT NEXT
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 25
Key Success Factors of Food Fortification Program
• Political will from all stakeholders (government, industry, academics, civil society)
• Strong reaserch/academic evidences
• Assistance to industry in the beginning phase
• Sufficient regulations to support mandatory fortification
• Economic feasibility and the benefit for industry
• Continuous support from government, donors and health related NGO’s to maintain the program
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 26
Extensive advocacy for decision makers and the private sector
Industry needs to be engaged at early stage
Need scientific evidence what works at what cost
The Experience of ADB/JFPR PROJECT the Enriching Lives of the Urban Poor Project (Oil Fortification in
Makasar-Indonesia, Lochman, 2010)
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Public Partners - Bappenas: coordination - Ministry of Health: Implementation and impact
evaluation National Food and Drug Administration/BPOM: QC Center for Food and Nutrition Research: Stability study,
Monitoring Ministry of Industry: National Standards devt, capacity
building Ministry of Trade: packaging
regulation
Private, Donors & NGO Partners MI : Consumption Survey, feasibility studies ADB : Pilot project JFPR capacity building GAIN : Scaling Up activities KFI : advocacy, training and effectiveness trial Cooking oil company: production of fortied oil marketing and distribution SAFO-GIZ: technical support capacity building Vit A Company: Supply vit A Reasearch Centers 27 November 2014 28 Drajat Martianto
OUTLINE
BACKGROUND
STEPS TOWARD MANDATORY PALM OIL
FORTIFICATION
LESSONS LEARNT
WHAT NEXT
27 November 2014 Drajat Martianto 29
What Next?
• Continuing advocacy and trainings for the Implementation of Mandatory fortification
(full implementation at 2015) • Implementation of
Mandatory Packaging for unbranded cooking oil (2015)
• Strengthening QA/QC
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THANK YOU
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