forms of transhuman persons and the importance of prior resolution of relevant law
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Forms of Transhuman Persons and The Importance of Prior Resolution of Relevant Law. A Comparison with the Law of Outer Space Martine Rothblatt, [email protected]. Definitions of Transhuman. Dictionaries Websters: “superhuman” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 1
Forms of Transhuman Persons and The Importance of Prior Resolution of Relevant Law
A Comparison with the Law of Outer Space
Martine Rothblatt, [email protected]
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 2
Definitions of Transhuman
• Dictionaries– Websters: “superhuman”– Wikipedia (& WTA): “intermediate form between human and
post-human.” • Extropy Institute
– “human seeking to become posthuman”
• Terasem Movement– Transbiologically Receptive And Noetically Synthetic
Human– “Noetically Synthetic” means intrinsic and/or extrinsic use of
electronics for thought– “Human” depends on thoughts, not DNA
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 3
Form v. Attitude In Definition of Transhuman
More About Attitude
Mor
e A
bout
For
m
Extropy Institute’s“Seeking”
Terasem’s“Receptivity/Noetics”
Webster’s“Superhuman”
Wikipedia/WTA’s“Intermediate toPosthuman”
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 4
Challenging the Definitions
• Brain-enhanced nonhuman animals?
• What of chimeras? • How about sideways
evolution?• What of AI not at all
patterned on human thoughts
• Terasem definition works for all but last
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 5
Definition of Persons
• A human or organization with legal rights and duties
• Are transhumanized US citizens still citizens?– If no renunciation or
death, still a citizen– Are revived persons
reborn & new citizens?
• Can non-citizens be organized as trusts or other business forms?
• Title 22 U.S.C. Section 6010. ''United States person'' defined As used in this chapter, the term ''United States person'' means any United States citizen or alien admitted for permanent residence in the United States, and any corporation, partnership, or other organization organized under the laws of the United States.
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 6
1958: First Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space
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Experts Met to Start the Field of Space Law When…
• No animal had even been to orbit
• Communication satellites were thought to require on-board human operators
• The first damage caused by a space object was 20 years into the future
Radioactive Cosmos 954Crashed in Canada In 1978
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 8
When Legal Efforts Began
Space: 1958
Transhuman: 2005
Outer Space Technology
Transhuman Technology
Practicality & Utility Scientific & Military Scientific, Medical & Military
Motivation for Law Avoid Conflict Among States
Avoid Conflict Among Beings
Hardest Issue Boundaries in Space Boundaries in Citizenship
Action Plan Transcend Air Law Concepts
Transcend Law of Persons Concepts?
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 9
Kurzweil Slide Shows Close-In of Transhuman Technology
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 10
Kurzweil Slide Showing Transhumanization of Society
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What Did the Experts Conclude in 1958?
• The age-old concept of national sovereignty over airspace had to give way to the technological reality of orbital overflight
• Someone had to be legally responsible for every object placed into space -- registration, coordination & strict liability for damages
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 12
How Did They Fare?
• 1967 -- Outer Space Treaty banned sovereignty over space
• 1973 -- Liability Convention specified rules for compensation due to space damage
• 1976 -- Registration Convention gave legal status to space objects
• 2005 -- 47th Colloquia
Andrew Haley,Colloquia On Law of Outer SpaceFounder
Stephen Gorove,Greatest ContributorTo Colloquia On LawOf Outer Space
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 13
What Might We Conclude Analogous to Our Legal Forebearers?
• Age-old concepts of citizenship & death may have to give way to new techno-logical realities
• Responsibility for transhuman persons will need to be regularized
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 14
Possible Analytic Framework for Transhuman Person Law
InformationTheoryDeath
CommunityStandards
EqualProtection
v. ADA
Mind InformationOrganized?
No
Dead Entity,Existing Law OK
Y
EntityConscious?
No
Biostasis Entity,Retains Citizenship; New Agency Law
Y
Able to ComplyWith CitizenshipObligations?
No
New Law ofTranshumanCustodialship
Y
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 15
Then Should Be Ready to Grant Transhuman Citizenship• It is a big leap from
genome/phenotype based citizenship
• But it was just as big a leap to forswear sovereignty after centuries of “core-to-cosmos” conical sovereignty
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 16
We Must Evolve Law with Evolving Technology…
• Just as Copernicus’ theory of the Earth’s rotation numbered the days of old-school sovereignty, so does
• Turing’s theory of machine consciousness number the days of old-school citizenship
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 17
…Or Else We Will Face the Conflicts of Dysfunctional Law
* Conflict Between – Humans & Transhumans– Flesh & Electronic Substrate
• Can Be Avoided With Prior Legal Development
April 20, 2023 [email protected] 18
How Might We Do in 10, 20 or 50 Years?
Time It May Take
Soc
ial I
mpl
icat
ions
Shift to InformationTheory Basis of Life & Death
Recognize CitizenshipOf DNA Humans WhoDownload Minds to Electronic Substrate DueTo Brain Disease
AI Citizenship