format of a report structure/composition numbering system apa citation ( a merican p sychological a...
TRANSCRIPT
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FORMAT OF A REPORT
STRUCTURE/COMPOSITION
NUMBERING SYSTEM
APA CITATION (American Psychological Association)
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STRUCTURE
LENGTH 10 to 15 pgs, excluding appendices.
PAPER A4-Size paper (white)
PRINTING One-sided
JUSTIFICATION Justified left & right
FONT Time New Roman (size 12pt)
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STRUCTURE cont…LINE SPACING Double space
INDENTATION Distinguish headings (14pt size & bold) & subheadings
First line of new paragraph
PAGINATION Sequenced page numbersBottom centreTitle page not counted/numbered
TABLES & FIGURES Sequenced number
Centre & labelled
APPENDICES NumberedContinuous page number
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NUMBERING SYSTEM
Decimal numbering system
Organize headings, sections & subsections
Do not exceed 3-level of heading & subheadings
IN-TEXT
See sample
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NUMBERING SYSTEM cont…
TABLE OF CONTENT
Decimal systemList all headings, sub(s)According to the in-text numbering
1.0 Introduction ……………………………………………... 1 1.1 Statement of the problem …………………………… 2 1.2 Research questions ………………………………….. 32.0 Introduction……………………………………………….. 4 2.1 Research in the West ………………………………... 5
2.1.1 Question Formation in ESL Classes …………… 6
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APA STYLE CITATIONIN-TEXT CITATION
Avoid PLAGIARISM!
5 common types
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(1) SHORT QUOTATION
Incorporated in the text Use quotation marks
Blocked in separate paragraph (one space)Indented 0.6” (left and right margin). Quotation marks are not used
(2) LONG QUOTATION (>30 words)
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(3) OMISSION IN QUOTATION
Certain parts of the citation are omitted Dots are used Grammatically accurate
(4) REFERRED CITATION
Other author’s work is referred, not quotedMention author’s nameSynthesized information properly cited
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(5) ELECTRONIC CITATION
It was suggested that students using internet for their information retrieval should be given “thorough training on the proper citation to avoid plagiarism” (Beutler, 2004, Conclusion section, para 1).
Quotation marks used to indicate citationLonger than 30 words (refer to block citation)
Surname of the author
Year of publicationArticle sectionArticle’s paragraph
Commas used to separate
Capitalized initial letter
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAPA STYLE CITATION cont…
BOOKSELCTRONIC PUBLICATIONSPERIODICALSENCYCLOPEDIAAUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES
All reference used in report must be listedDouble-space between citationsList not numberedAlphabetical order
The end click here
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Sample of short quotation
Schiffrin (1994) had pointed out that the study and analysis of discourse “provides an additional and refreshing approach to the study and understanding of human language” (1994, p.264).
Quotation marks at the beginning & at the end of the citation
In brackets include the year(optional) followed with a comma(,). p(for page) or pp(for pages) a period(.) before the page number.Full stop comes after the close bracket.
Surname of the author Year of publication in the brackets
Back to main page
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Sample of long quotation
Many studies that involved both English and Malay had been carried out off late. These included studies on code-switching and mixed language. Ozog (1987), for instance, mentioned in his research:
The Malay syntactic patterns often influenced the use of English in the Malay ESL discourse and that the patterns conformed to the patterns that had been described at length by many Malaysian linguists (p.73).
Page number in brackets A period comes after close bracket
Indented 0.6” both sides
Direct quotation block and separated
Back to main page
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Sample of omission in quotation
According to Tongue (1974), it was pointed out that “one grammatical component that was usually omitted … is the object pronoun”(p.85).
Quotation marks used at the beginning & at the end of citation
Dots are used to indicate omission and continuation of different parts of information
Two separate parts of information taken from the same author’s workcombined as one sentence - grammatically accurate - with 3 dots (…)Back to main page
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Sample of referred citation
Robert Bley-Vroman and Naoko Yoshinaga (2000) studied the acquisition of WH-questions in high proficiency non-native speakers of English with reference to the study done earlier by Porayska-Pomsta (1997) in relation to learning behaviour.
Author’s name The year of publication in brackets
Two studies referredTwo authors of the same work
Back to main page
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BOOK (1 author)
Azar, B. S. (1992). Fundamentals of English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.
1 author: Betty Schrampfer Azar
Comma, then 1 space Publication year in brackets
Title of the book in Italics
Place (state) of publication
Publisher followed by a period
Colon after publication place then space
Book (2 authors) click hereBack to main page
Each initial letter of the book title is capitalized
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BOOK (2 authors)
Back to main page
Platt, J. T. & H. Weber. (1990). English in Singapore and Malaysia. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Surname of the first author
Middle and first name initialsSeparated one space with periods
One space then (and – can use &) then one space
Second author’s first name initial comes first
Second author’s surname
Additional line(s) are indented 6 spaces
Book (Edited) click here
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BOOK (Edited)
Letheridge, S., & C. R. Cannon (Eds.). (1980). Bilingual Education.
New York: Praeger.Two editors “Eds.” One editor “Ed.”In brackets, close bracket followed with a period then space
A periodIndented 6 spaces
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Internet
Reid, A. (no date). A Practical Guide for Writing Proposals . Retrieved October 24, 2003, from http://www.leo.stcloudstate.edu/write/proposals.html
If there is the date of article’s publication, indicate
Complete Url address
Title of the article retrieved
Back to main page
Note: If the author is not identified begin with the title of the document.
CD-ROM click here
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CD-ROM
Interactive course of English Euro+ REWARDS (Intermediate ed.), [CD- ROM]. (1998). Available: Macmillan publishers limited [2003, November 15].
Title of the CD-ROM
In brackets indicate the edition
In square brackets indicate the type
In brackets year of publication
Date of access
Back to main page
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Periodicals (Newspaper)
Friedman, R. A. Why the liars are so ubiquitous. (2003, August 10). New Sunday Times, pp. F8 & F11.
Initial letters of the newspaper’s title are capitalizedNewspapers’ title is italicized
Title of the article taken from NSTIn sentence form (capitalize only the first word initial)
In brackets (year,space month day)
Pages (pp.) the article was takenBack to main page Journals click here
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Periodicals (Journal)
Lyster, R. (1999). Question forms, conditionals, and second-person pronouns used by adolescent native speakers across two levels of formality in written and spoken French. The Modern Language Journal, 80, 165-182.
Initial letters (Journal’s title) are capitalizedJournal’s title italicized
Volume number followed with comma and space
Page numbersEnds with a period
Back to main page Magazine click here
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Periodicals (Magazine)
Garner, H. J. (1997, July). Do babies have a universal song? Psychology Today,102, 70- 77.
In brackets indicate year followed with comma, monthClose bracket followed by a period.
Title of the articleSentence form
Title of the magazineItalicizedInitials capitalized
Back to main page
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Encyclopedia
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Preposition used
Volume no. and pages in brackets
Back to main page
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Audio-visual resource (Films/videos)
Scmitdh A. G. (Producer), & Spielberg, S. (Director). (2003). Winter on the Moon [Motion picture]. California: Century Fox.
In brackets indicate year of production
In square brackets indicate type
Production company
Back to main page Music/song click here
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Jackson, M. (1999). Call the man [Recorded by Celline Dion]. On Falling into You[CD]. New York: BMI Music Limited.
Audio-visual resource (Music/song)
Title of the albumItalicizedInitials capitalized
Title of the song
In square brackets indicate singerIf the composer is the singer, do not have to repeat
Composer
Back to main page The end click here
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Ready to complete your proposal?
Get your secondary source ready.Just in case you forgot… here are the
proposal’s requirements:
• Submission
• Evaluation