form 5 chemistry folio - medicine1
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Form 5 Chemistry Folio - MedicineTRANSCRIPT
MEDICINE
1. A medicine is used to prevent or cure disease or to relieve pain.
2. Medicines can be classified into traditional medicines and modern medicines.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
1. Traditional medicines are derived from plants or animals.
2. ,3. Traditional medicines are usually not
processed.4. Any medicinal plant containing alkaloid is
potentially toxic to the liver.5. Traditional medicines can cause serious side
effects.6. More research on the toxic and adverse
effects of traditional medicines should be carried out in order to ensure the safety of these medicines to the public.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
Plantsanimal
s
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE-PLANTS
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
Aloe vera (lidah buaya)• To treat skin wounds
Centella asiatica (pegaga)• To treat depression and for longevity
Eurycoma longifolia (tongkat ali)• To increse the male libido
Orthosiphon aristatus (misai kucing)
• To treat gout, diabetes and rheumatism
Andrographis paniculata (hempedu bumi)
• To treat diarrrhoea, fever and diabetes
Ocimum basilicum (selasih)• To treat coughs, colds and bronchitis
TRADITIONAL MEDICINE-ANIMALS
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
Sea cucumber (gamat)
• To treat Japanese encephalitis and hole in the heart
Centipede
• To treat lockjaw and convulsions
Ant
• To treat hepatitis B
MODERN MEDICINE
1. Made by scientists in laboratories & are based on substances found in nature.
2. May come in many forms such as liquids, powder, capsules and tablets.
3. Type of modern medicines.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Psychotherapeutic medicine
Analgesics
MODERN MEDICINE-ANALGESICS
1. Analgesics is to relieve pain without causing numbness or affecting consciousness. Analgesics relive pain but do not cure the disease.
2. Asprine is used for relief, particularly where there is inflammation involved, such as arthritic pain and dental pain.
• The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid.• ,• Side effects: Can cause bleeding in the stomach because aspirin is vey acidic. -Can cause allergic reactions, skin rashes and
asthmatic attacks
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
MODERN MEDICINE-ANALGESICS
Paracetamol•Paracetamol have the following structural formula. Thus, unlike aspirin, paracetamol is neutral in nature.•Paracetamol is similar to aspirin in its effects (that is, reduces fever and relieves pain) but it does not reduce inflammation.•Paracetamol also reduces or relieves flu symptoms such as fever, bone aches and runny nose.•An overdose of paracetamol can cause liver damage.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
MODERN MEDICINE-ANALGESICS
Codeinea) Codeine is an organic compound that contains the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.b) Codeine is an analgesics and is used to relive mirror to moderate pain. Codeine is more powerful than morphine. Codeine and morphine are narcotic drugsc) Codeine is also used in cough mixtures for suppressing coughs.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
MODERN MEDICINE-ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics : antibacterial medicine1. Antibiotics are chemicals that destroy or prevent the growth of infectious microorganism.2. Two examples of antibiotics are penicillin and streptomycin.3. Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.4. Antibiotics are not effective against diseases caused by viral infections such as influenza, measles, or small pox.5. Penicillina) Penicillin is derived from the mould Penicillium notatum.b) Penicillin are used to treat diseases, caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia, gonorrhea and syphilis.c) Penicillin is only effective on certain bacteria. For example, it cannot be used to treat tuberculosis.6. Streptomycin is the antibiotic that is effective in treating tuberculosis.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
MODERN MEDICINE-PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC
MEDICINE
Psychotherapeutic medicines1. Psychotherapeutic medicines are a group of drugs for treating mental or emotional illnesses.3. Stimulantsa) Stimulants are naturally occurring or synthetic drugs that stimulate (excite) the activity of the brain andcentral nervous system.b) Adrenaline is a stimulant that the body produces when it needs to prepare for demanding or energetic activities.c) Stimulants make a person more alert, more energetic, less tired and more cheerful.d) Examples of stimulants are caffeine and amphetamines. Caffeine is a week, naturally occurring stimulant and is found on coffee, tea and Cola drinks.e) Amphetamines are strong synthetic stimulants and increase alertness and physical ability.f) Amphetamines increase the heart and respiration rates, as well as the blood pressure. As a result, it causes the body to postpone the need of sleep and can reverse, partially and temporarily, the symptoms of fatigue.4. Antidepressantsa) Depression is a chronic illness. Most cases of depression are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.b) People experiencing depression feel hopeless. They experience a loss of interest in everyday activities such as work or hobbies.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
MODERN MEDICINE-PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC
MEDICINE
c) There is a strong correlation between the amounts of special chemicals (called neurotransmitters) inthe brain and a person’s mood. If these chemicalsget too low, the person may feel depressed.d) Antidepressants are medicines that increase thebrain’s level of neurotransmitters, thus improvingmood.e) Antidepressants make a person feel calm andsleepy.5. Antipsychotic medicinesa) Psychosis is the serious mental illness in whichpeople lose touch with reality. People with psychosismay, Hear voice and see things that are not reallythere (hallucinations) Have belief that are not based on reality(delusions)b) In psychiatry, there are a number of disorders thatare classified under ‘ psuchosis’, such asschizophrenias (madness), psychotic depression,mania and so on.c) Psychotic patients have extreme mood swings. Theirmood changes rapidly from high spirit to deepdepression.d) Antipsychotic medicines do not cure symptoms tohelp the person live a more normal life.
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
DRUG ABUSE
1. Taking drugs excessively and without a doctor’s prescription is called drug abuse.
2. The use of certain drugs like ecstasy and ice produces harmful side effects.
3. Ecstasy causes depression which can last for week s after it is consumed.
4. Ice causes stroke and injuries to the liver and kidneys
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics
THE END
Traditional medicine
Plants
Modern medicine
Drug abuse
animals
AntibioticsPsychoth-
erapeutic
medicine
Analgesics