forests communties
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FORESTSCOMMUNITIES
XVI Encontro Internacional de Jovens Cientistas das Escolas Associadas da UNESCO ALIMENTAR O MUNDO
RESPEITANDO A TERRA
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THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF FAMILY FARMING
0 The 2014 International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) aims to raise the profile of family farming and smallholder farming by focusing world attention on its significant role in eradicating hunger and poverty, providing food security and nutrition, improving livelihoods, managing natural resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development, in particular in rural areas.
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THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF FAMILY FARMING
0 The goal of the 2014 IYFF is to reposition family farming at the centre of agricultural, environmental and social policies in the national agendas by identifying gaps and opportunities to promote a shift towards a more equal and balanced development.
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WHY IS FAMILY FARMING IMPORTANT?
0 Family and small-scale farming are inextricably linked to world food security.
0 Family farming preserves traditional food products, while contributing to a balanced diet and safeguarding the world’s agro-biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources.
0 Family farming represents an opportunity to boost local economies, especially when combined with specific policies aimed at social protection and well-being of communities.
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WHAT IS FAMILY FARMING?
0 Family farming includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of the rural development. Family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour, including both women’s and men’s.
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FORESTS COMMUNITIES
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ORIGIN
0 A Germanic model of property (possession occurs through common use. So neighbour=owner).
0 It cannot be bequeathed since it is an indispensable, indivisible, unimpoundable and inalienable property.
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ORIGIN
0 Forests of “sticks and voices” of Roman origin, makes a more and more frequent use of it: depletions, firewood, stone, crops, pastures. However, the surface decreases (de 1.600.000 a 600.000 has).
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HISTORY
In the nineteenth century the
neighbourhood Forests favours and
complements rudimentary
agricultural production, which is the main
activity of most of the Galician population
The triumph of liberalism prevents the State from recognizing neighbourhood forests
as neighbours’ property and are considered as
“public forest” belonging to the
State.But in Galiza they continue to belong to
the neighbours keeping the characteristic of
communal neighbourhood forest
During Franco’s dictatorship, the
mortgage law (1946) ascribed them to the
local councils. Eucalypti and pine trees are
planted all over the forest, which gives rise to a uniform massive forestal repopulation which turns out to be
aggressive and excluding.
Nowadays neighbourhood forest are dealt with by the forest communities,
which have to comply with complex rules and
regulations and they receive very little
suppport from the Xunta de Galicia, but economic, social and
ecological prosperity of Galician is preserved.
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THE IMPORTANCE OF ITS PRESERVATION
0 The neighbourhood forests are a CO² sink produced by industrial and domestic activities.
0 It is a key element for biodiversity preservation, hydric regulation, struggle against erosion, O² production and CO² reduction.
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FORESTS IN GALIZA
0 Forest in Galiza take up 2/3 of its territory, a total of two million hectares, of which 650,000 is neighbourhood forest, about 30%.
0 Forest woodland is 1,600,000 hectares and out of these neighbourhood forests woodland is 520,000.
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FORESTS EXPLOTATION
Exploitation is based down two key criteria:0 Sustainibility: promoting
environmental resources.0 External recovery.
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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
IN THE MARKETWood
Fruit
Pasture
Hunting
Quarries
OUT OF MARKETOxygen production
Leisure
Ptotection of erosion
Biodiversity preservation
Historical heritage
Landscape
Hydric and soil protection
CO² absorption
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SUSTAINIBILITY CRITERIA determine management and make it more
expensive:
0 Provision and care of springs
0 Protection of biodiversity
0 Landscape protection0 Air protection
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MANAGEMENT MEASURES
0 Planning0 Lot allocation minutes0 Forestry related tasks0 Firefighting measures0 Forestal certification
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ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION –DIRECT AID AGAINST GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
0 Planting native hardwods0 Diversification of forestal
uses0 Provision of forestal
menagement measures0 Bonus taxes for non-
profitable activities0 Increase in aids for
knowledge and social use of the forest.
0 Spreading environmental functions of the forest.
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A DEMOCRATIC MANAGEMENT
Neighbourhood manages were managed by the Forest Community and in order to belong to this community certain requirements are needed: 0 Neighbourhood (open
house with smoke)0 Application form approved
by the General Assembly0 Connection with the forest
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MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS
0 The General Assembly
0 Governing Board
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THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
0 It meets at least twice a year in an ordinary session and an extraordinary session. Is duties are to approve of general management of the forest.
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GOVERNING BOARD
0 It represents and manages the community, puts forward proposals and initiatives at the Assembly and enforces the agreements reached by the commoners.
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“The ultimate goal of preservation of neighbourhood forests is stabilizing
rural population”
BY Ricardo Alarcón, Baltar Morgade and David Muñíz – IES “Luís Seoane” (Pontevedra)