forest landscape restoration project at doi mae salong

International Union for Conservation of NatureInternational Union for Conservation of Nature

Forest Landscape Restoration Project at Doi Mae Salong.

The integrated management of ecosystems and livelihoods

Introduction at the RECOFTC training on“Landscape Functions and People: Applying Strategic Planning Approaches for Good

Natural Resource. 31 October 2009

Tawatchai Rattanasorn


Doi Mae Salong, Chiangrai


Doi Mae Salong-Doi Tung-Mae Sai


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The National Hydrological Board divides Thailand into 25 major river basins and 254 sub-basins


Geographic coordinates 20°11'42.00"N 99°34'27.00"E to 99°40'12.00"E and 20° 6'12.00"N 99°34'27.00"E to 99°40'12.00"E

Major land use/cover Agriculture, mono-culture tea plantations, corn, upland rice, smaller areas of young rubber tree plantations, highly disturbed primary forest, some natural secondary regeneration,

Major forest vegetation Seasonally dry evergreen forest +/- bamboo and pine

Elevation 900 – 1,500 m

Annual rainfall (mm) 1,800-2,000 mm

Area and population 335 sq.km, Mekong river basin, 35,000 people in 33 villages in 2 sub-districts

Ethnic groups Akha, Chinese, Lisu, Lahu, Shan, Lawa, Local Thai

Major threats to biodiversity

Deforestation for shifting cultivation, tea, corn, rubber, fire, pesticides


SITUATIONS: Chaos, Complex and Dynamic

• Migrant labor(5,000 people) cause unexpected population growth demanding more land

• Price of land increased• Over use of agro-

chemicals• Land tenure


Livelihoods and Landscape Strategy (LLS) Principles

• Livelihoods and landscape is an approach to poverty reduction that seeks to enable the rural poor to expand their economic opportunities while sustaining and enhancing forest and other biological resources. By working together, a shared understanding of the value of forests for improving local livelihoods can be built, with a view to influencing policies that can reduce poverty and conserve forest

• Better Forest better life = good forest, good water, good food, good income, good life.


The Ecosystem Approach

• The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land,water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.


The 12 Principles1. The objectives of management of land, water and living

resources are a matter of societal choice2. Management should be decentralised to the lowest

appropriate level3. Managers should consider the effects of their activities

on adjacent and other ecosystems4. Recognising potential gains from management, there is

usually a need to understand and manage the ecosystem in an economic context

5. Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, in order to maintain ecosystem services, should be a priority target

6. Ecosystems must be managed within the limits of their functioning


The 12 Principles7. Action should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial

and temporal scales8. Objectives for ecosystem management should be set

for the long term9. Management must recognise that change is inevitable10. Action should seek the appropriate balance between,

and integration of, conservation and use of biological diversity

11. Action should consider all forms of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices

12. The approach should involve all relevant stakeholders of society and scientific disciplines


Participatory and Integrated Development Approach/ Action learning/Gender Balance


Slope AgricultureRice and Corn

Remnant Forest

Remnant Forest

Degraded Land

Slope AgricultureRice and Corn

Driven by the Need for Pragmatic Approaches to Rehabilitation


Beginning Land Use Planning

• Agreements on priority areas -Steep slope areas-headwaters

• Negotiating other Land Uses

-Avoid reforesting land used for agriculture-Increase productivity of agricultural land to reduce encroachment and generate income


What have been doing• Planted over 800,000 trees in 3 years total area

of 4,000 rai (640 ha). 40 species• Framework species approach demonstration

plot• School and community nursery• Participatory land use planning and zoning of

forest – agriculture land, participatory formation of land use criteria


Livelihoods/Poverty Reduction

• Agro-Forestry Practices. Arabica coffee-Macadamia-Bamboo-Rattan-and multi-purpose fast growing species. Trial plots

• Soil and water conservation measure, improve soil fertilities-biofertilizer

• Improvement of small scale irrigation system• Paddy terrace initiative• Community-based ecotourism• Fruit, vegetable ,flower crops promotion


Participatory Land use planning/land use

classification

International Union for Conservation of NatureInternational Union for Conservation of NatureLack of Land Tenure

Migration

Poverty

Other Agricultural Use

Integrated Approach

Degradation

International Union for Conservation of NatureInternational Union for Conservation of NatureNegotiating and Finding Pragmatic Solutions


Framework species demonstration plot


Learning

Negotiation of Agricultural Use

Nurseries

Demonstration Sites


Terrace paddy field expansion-small scale irrigation


Coffee-Macadamia-Bamboo-Rattan-Medicinal plants-Fast growing species/Agro-forestry practices

• 120 farmer / 120 rai

established coffee and Macadamia nut trial plot (400 arabica coffee and 16 Macadamia nut per rai)

• SWC measure 500 rai


Multi purpose/fast growing species trial plots

• 20,000 seedlings of Griffith’s Ash (Fraxinus griffithii), Sweet gum (Liquidambar formosana), Camphor Wood (Cinnamomum Camphora) and Taiwan Acacia were planted in the area of about 100 rai (200 tree per rai) for future benefits.


The FLR ApproachAddressed within a negotiated frameworkParticipatory Approach


Land use planning / classification

International Union for Conservation of NatureInternational Union for Conservation of NatureCreating Four Demonstration Sites to Learn From

(Learning through actions)


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Challenges– Big gap between the poor and the better off– Migrant workers/Human rights and national security – Land use planning model (growth vs. stability) – Marketing and Production model – Soil and water conservation and agricultural model (good

practices in high slope areas, encroachment of forest reserves – Forest restoration model (FORRU, King’s Model, AgroForestry

Model). Finding the right mix and convincing people to learn from these practices.

– Water governance and complex regulatory frameworks (law, policy, institutions, process)


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Challenges• Balancing the needs of difference stakeholders-

forest-land-water users (Up and down stream)- River Basin Organization - Integrated Basin Management ?

• Developing alternative livelihoods that make a meaningful reduction in poverty while improving conservation of the area

• Holistic approach. Participatory Action Research- Can research leads development ?

forest landscape restoration project at doi mae salong

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