forest design principles - scottish forestry...forest design principles. in hilly or mountainous...
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![Page 1: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Forest design principles
In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape
Landform is three dimensional, and is a big influence on forest design in upland areas
As a result we analyse the visual interpretation of landform in detail to inform the shapes in a forest
The shapes could be the outside edge, internal open spaces and felling coupes.
Landform
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Forest design principles
When we look at the landform, our eye tends to follow the skyline
Then our vision tends to follow down spurs, ridges and convex landforms.
Landform - spurs and ridges
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Forest design principles
Landform - visual analysis of ridges and spurs
![Page 4: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Our gaze also tends to flow up hollows, valleys and concave landforms.
Landform - valleys and hollows
![Page 5: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Landform - visual analysis of valleys and hollows
![Page 6: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Landform - visual force analysis
![Page 7: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Forest design principles
The arrows illustrate how you read the landform and interpret it – down the ridges, and up into the hollows
This is called ‘visual force analysis’
We can use visual force analysis to inform the shapes of forest design where landform is the dominant characteristic.
Landform
![Page 8: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Landform
![Page 9: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Landform - reflecting natural patterns
![Page 10: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Planting according to visual force:
• Avoids exposed spurs and ridges
• Is focused on moisture-retentive soils
• Occupies sheltered valleys
• Makes visual sense
• Has a strong design rationale.
Landform
![Page 11: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Visual force analysis can also be undertaken on maps, using the contours.
Landform
![Page 12: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Landform
![Page 13: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Landform
![Page 14: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Exercise 4 - Mapping visual force
Individually…
Identify the visual forces - where the key ridges and hollows are - on the map provided
Draw the visual force analysis, using red and green arrows.
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Forest design principles
Exercise 4 - Tutors response
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Forest design principles
Exercise 4 - Tutors response
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Forest design principles
Landform – break points in saddles
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Forest design principles
Landform – break points in saddles
![Page 19: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Forest design principles
In landscapes where landform is the dominant characteristic, it should be used as the key influence in forest shape
Visual force analysis can be used to analyse the landform in more detail
Using red arrows to indicate spurs and ridges
And green arrows to indicate hollows and dips…
Summary
![Page 20: Forest design principles - Scottish Forestry...Forest design principles. In hilly or mountainous areas, landform is usually the most dominant and obvious shape. Landform is three dimensional,](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042219/5ec518682448853b5d5aff17/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Forest design principles
Visual force analysis can then be used to influence the shape of the forest edge, open spaces and felling coupes
Identify the best places (usually dips) for the forest or felling coupe to cross a ridge line without interrupting the integrity of the landform profile or skyline.
Summary