forestconcepts™

Precision feedstock supplier to the emerging bioeconomy

Upstream technology provider for advanced bioprocessing industry

Inventor and developer of innovative bio-based products and materials

Forest Concepts, LLC

“Innovative technologies and precision feedstocks for the new bioeconomy…”

Doing business since 1998…

forestconcepts™

The Bioeconomy

The bioeconomy is based upon:Raw materials with lower carbon footprint than fossil and mined resources

Raw materials from renewable resources (plants, trees, algae, …)Grown with sustainable practices (farms, forests, landscapes)

Conversion processes are environmentally, energy and chemistry-efficient

BiochemicalsBioplastics/BiopolymersBioproductsBiomaterialsBiofuels

Between now and 2025 the bioeconomy will require more than $180 billionin capital construction.

Our feedstock processing innovations apply to at least $10 billion of that equipment.

The one thing they all have in common: -a need for high quality, cost-effective

feedstocks.

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forestconcepts™

Our Place in the Bioeconomy

There are hundreds of firms bringing bio-based materials, products, fuels, chemicals, and more to market.

– Some have already succeeded – Many are on a track to commercial scale– Some have failed, others will fail– BUT, the trend is solid and accelerating

The one constant is they all need raw materials and sustainably produced, high quality, cost-effective

renewable feedstocks.

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forestconcepts™

Biomass Feedstock

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forestconcepts™

Forest Concepts’ Deliverables

• Products

– WoodStraw® wood strand erosion control material

– Crumbles® precision biomass industrial feedstocks

– UltraChar™ biochar raw material

– Roundwood rustic habitat and landscape products

• Equipment

– WoodMuncher™ wood-strand production equipment

– Crumbler® low-energy alternative to hammermills

– Orbital Screening Systems – optimized for biomass and shardy materials

– Bighorn® woody biomass baler alternative to chippers and grinders

…Plus an extensive development pipeline5

forestconcepts™

WoodStraw®

ECM

Designed to overcome the limitations of straw and hydraulic mulches

WoodStraw® is a trademark of Forest Concepts, LLCU.S. Patent 6,729,068

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Technical Wood Strand Erosion Control Material

Designed in partnership with the USDA Forest Service

Development was supported in-part by the Small Business Innovation Research program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, grant number 2003-33610-13997. Additional scientific research provided by USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, Idaho.

Winner of the 2006 ASABE Innovative Technology

Award

&

2008 Rain Bird Engineering Concept

Award

Approved by:WA Dept. of EcologyWA DOTOR DOTCO DOTID DOT

Regional Licensees:Mountain Pine Mfg. – ColoradoErosion Control Innovations –WashingtonCalifornia & Southwest – discussionsMid-Atlantic – discussionsSoutheast – openUpper Midwest – openTexas region – open

$50 million market at build-out

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Bales

High Margin –Revenue

Positive

forestconcepts™

The Biomass Supply Chain

Advanced Drying

Crumbles® ParticlesBaling Biomass Beneficiation

Reactor-Ready Feedstocks

Related Forest Concepts’ technologies:

Growth Collection Transportation Aggregation Storage

BeneficiationSize

processingMoisture

processingFeeding Conversion

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forestconcepts™

Bio-markets need feedstocks…

Minimal Technology Change Radical Technology Change

Manage existing market

Create new market

Biochar

Animal BeddingBioPower

BiofuelsBioChemicalsBioPlasticsBioPolymersBioProducts

Activated Carbon

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forestconcepts™

Crumbles® Industrial Raw MaterialHigher yields and lower downstream processing costs from better feedstocks

• 13 US Patents issued with others pending

• 3 US Trademark Registrations:– SHREDZ ®, US Registered Trademark No. 3,696,332, October 13,2011

– CRUMBLES®, US Registered Trademark No. 4,045,867, October 25,2011

– PRECISION FEEDSTOCKS®, US Registered Trademark No. 4,045,904, October 25,2011

Magnified 4x

Conventional Hammermill Forest Concepts’ Crumbles® Forest Concepts’ Crumbles®Raw Wood Chips

Raw Corn Stover Bale

Optimized to be:• Reactor-ready size• High flowability• High uniformity

For:• Absorbents• Biochemical feedstocks• Animal bedding• Solid fuels• Liquid biofuel feedstocks• Biochar raw material

Crumbles® Switchgrass Bedding Crumbles® Wheat Straw

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forestconcepts™

UltraChar™ Biochar Feedstock

Better products begin with better raw materials

• High surface area to volume ratio

• High porosity

• Low bulk density

• Uniform size and shape

• Tunable water filtration flow properties

• Soil amendment in gardens, forests, agriculture, vineyards, orchards, etc.

• Horticultural potting soil mix alternative to perlite

• Water filter media to adsorb copper, zinc, etc.

• Raw material for activated carbon

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forestconcepts™

High Density Baling

• Reduce bale-yard acreage by half for corn stover, switchgrass, etc.

• Enable cost-effective delivery of urban woody biomass to biopower and bioproducts facilities

• Reduce transportation cost by using conventional flatbed trucks, trailers, rail, etc.

Capturing just 30% of the existing chipper market, we will sell more than 25,000 woody biomass balers with gross revenue of $1.7 billion.

12 US Patents Issued

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forestconcepts™

Drying is a Big Deal

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70 % of energy consumed in pellet millsis used for feedstock drying

(from Perraglia et al., 2010)

Heat for drying

Flue gas loss

Radiation loss

Leakage lossOther loss

HEAT USE IN ROTARY DRYER

48 % of energy consumed by rotary dryersis used for feedstock drying

(from Meza et al., 2008)

Deployment of advanced drying may save $5.00 per ton on 100 million tons per year in the pellet, bioproducts, and biofuels industry each year by 2025. Potential royalties exceed $10 million per year to us (2% of savings).

forestconcepts™

Screening

• By sieve size

• By length

forestconcepts™

Biomass Beneficiation

• Environmental ash reduction

– Dry screening, wet screening, flotation…

• Biogenic ash reduction (hot water extraction)

• Bark content reduction (flail screening)

• Leaf and needle reduction (air separation with preferential drying)

forestconcepts™

Pile

Dry Flail

Floatation Tank

Initial Screen

66 % Wood13 % Bark21 % Other12.3 % Ash

80 % Wood13 % Bark7 % Other2.1 % Ash

Wet Flail

Final Screen

67 % Wood15 % Bark18 % Other1.4 % Ash

77 % Wood11 % Bark13 % Other1.1 % Ash 79% Wood

18 % Bark3 % Other0.6 % Ash

100%

67%

60%

61%

Mass

57% Note: This experiment sought to minimize ash while maximizing total biomass retained. Thus, the bark content was higher than we wanted. Removing more bark would reduce the mass yield of clean biomass.

SBIR Beneficiation Validation Test

Ground Land Clearing Debris - Seattle

forestconcepts™

Toll Processing (1-2 tph)

Roundwood (via our veneer lathe)Wood ChipsGround Hog FuelWood Mill ResidualsField Chopped Green CropsBaled Crop ResiduesDedicated Energy Crops

forestconcepts™

IP Protected

• Tom Broderick – our full-time Patent Counsel with 30 years patent experience, Masters in Biology and 3rd largest investor in Forest Concepts

• U.S. Patents issued (more pending): Bioeconomy feedstocks: 13 patents issued (2030)

Biomass baling: 14 patents issued (2030)

Biomass beneficiation: 1 patent issued (2030)

WoodStraw® erosion control mulch: 1 patent issued (2022)

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forestconcepts™

Unique Direction

1. Expertise – in combining structural plant biology, engineering, design and invention

2. Vision - identify “big-deal” problems, products, and opportunities with significant potential markets

3. Experienced Personnel – a bio-economy visionary, mechanical engineers, design engineers, patent counsel, logistics, marketing & sales

4. Knowledge base – Innovation with 29 US Patents and more pending

5. Model - Develop and license/sell technology and move on to next opportunity in the pipeline

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forestconcepts™

Experienced

Mike Perry – 25 years of sales and marketing management for Fortune 100 companies, plus 10

years of senior management in start-ups. Joined Forest Concepts in 2006.

Tom Broderick – Biologist, patent counsel with three decades of patent law experience.

Joined Forest Concepts in 2008.

Jim Dooley, PhD, PE – Biological, agricultural, and forest engineer. Tropical agriculture

business development for sugar cane, fruits, and horticulture with Amfac. Lead technology development for forestry & silvicultural engineering, nursery products, sensors, and biotechnology with Weyerhaeuser. Co-founded Forest Concepts in 1998. Past-President of ASABE (2008) and IBE (2000). Fellow of three engineering professional societies. Chaired US DOE Biennial Review Steering Committee in 2015.

Dave Lanning – BS Mechanical Engineering. 12 years with Forest Concepts in design,

development, and project leadership roles. Inventor of WoodMuncher™ and Crumbler® machines.

Jason Perry – BS Business. 10 years with Forest Concepts leading production operations,

logistics, and customer support.

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forestconcepts™

Organization

M. Perry

CEO

D. Lanning

Lead Engineer

A. Vo

Mechanical Engineer

C. Lanning

Design Engineer

J. Slosson

Mechanical Engineer

N. Owen

Millwright

J. Whitt

Electrical Technician

2 UW Summer Interns

J. Perry

Production/Logistics

J. Dooley

CTO

T. Broderick

Patent Counsel

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forestconcepts™

To know more…

Contact:

Forest Concepts, LLC

3320 W. Valley Hwy. N., Ste D110

Auburn, WA 98001

Ph: 253.333.9663

www.forestconcepts.com