Forensics LabForensics Lab

Brennan Coffey

Logan Ernst

Zach Salinas

Fergus Sharp

Victim BackgroundVictim Background

Dr. Donley Dr. Donley MicrobiologistMicrobiologist Current research Current research

concerned the Leprosy concerned the Leprosy bacteria and the Human bacteria and the Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunodeficiency Virus

Recently awarded the Recently awarded the “Scientist of the Year” “Scientist of the Year” award for her researchaward for her research

Throws a party to celebrate Throws a party to celebrate her awards with her her awards with her colleagues at Monarch colleagues at Monarch University on March 11, University on March 11, 2011 at 7 p.m.2011 at 7 p.m.

Dr. Donley

Incident OverviewIncident Overview

Dr. Donley found injured Dr. Donley found injured in her lab at 2:00 a.m.in her lab at 2:00 a.m.

Victim of attacksVictim of attacks Suffered minor injuries, Suffered minor injuries,

including a concussion and including a concussion and lacerations to the hand and lacerations to the hand and back of the headback of the head

Two vials containing Two vials containing pathogens from Dr. pathogens from Dr. Donley’s research were Donley’s research were missing from the level IV missing from the level IV containment roomcontainment room

Incident Overview – Part IIIncident Overview – Part II

Further examination of the Further examination of the victim revealed she had been victim revealed she had been bludgeoned to the back of the bludgeoned to the back of the headhead

Dr. Donley unable to remember Dr. Donley unable to remember her attackerher attacker

Her glass also had traces of Her glass also had traces of cyanide on it, indicating that cyanide on it, indicating that someone had attempted to someone had attempted to poison herpoison herAfter collecting more After collecting more information, it was determined information, it was determined that Dr. Donley had ended the that Dr. Donley had ended the party at 12:00 a.m. after party at 12:00 a.m. after discovering the cyanide on her discovering the cyanide on her glassglass

Scent of almonds indicative of Scent of almonds indicative of cyanidecyanide

Crime Scene AnalysisCrime Scene Analysis

19 suspects19 suspects All attended partyAll attended party 3 of interest were interviewed3 of interest were interviewed

Dr. Sloopy StretchDr. Sloopy StretchDanica MarketDanica MarketDr. Kelvin HighDr. Kelvin High

Blood under Dr. Donley’s Blood under Dr. Donley’s fingernails and on her handfingernails and on her handLip prints on two glasses Lip prints on two glasses matching Dr. Donley and matching Dr. Donley and another unknown individualanother unknown individualFingerprints of Dr. Donley and Fingerprints of Dr. Donley and another unknown individual on another unknown individual on a glassa glassPet hair found on Dr. Donley’s Pet hair found on Dr. Donley’s Lab coat sleeveLab coat sleeve

Hair Analysis - MethodHair Analysis - Method

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis Length and shape help Length and shape help

determine the area of the determine the area of the body the hair came frombody the hair came from

Root – stage of growth of Root – stage of growth of the hair, and indicates the hair, and indicates whether hair fell or was whether hair fell or was pulled outpulled out

Shaft – contains unique Shaft – contains unique characteristics to characteristics to individuals and individuals and populations, and indicates populations, and indicates age and condition of hairage and condition of hair

Tip – indicates any recent Tip – indicates any recent exposure (haircuts, exposure (haircuts, chemicals, burning)chemicals, burning)

DNA AnalysisDNA Analysis Run hair follicle through Run hair follicle through

enzyme cocktails to enzyme cocktails to remove cellular coatings remove cellular coatings and organellesand organelles

Centrifuge the sample to Centrifuge the sample to separate out DNAseparate out DNA

Use PCR method to create Use PCR method to create copies of the segment of copies of the segment of interest in the DNAinterest in the DNA

Target marker sites to Target marker sites to separate out and create separate out and create copies of specific sections copies of specific sections of the DNA sequenceof the DNA sequence

Compare the DNA sample Compare the DNA sample to suspect databaseto suspect database

Hair Analysis - ResultsHair Analysis - Results

Two samples found at the Two samples found at the scenescene

One determined to be One determined to be animal hair, based on animal hair, based on structure analysisstructure analysis

The other determined to be The other determined to be hair from a human malehair from a human male

DNA analysis revealed the DNA analysis revealed the human male hair belonged human male hair belonged to Dr. Kelvin Highto Dr. Kelvin High

The animal hair most likely The animal hair most likely belonged to a dog. Dr. belonged to a dog. Dr. Kelvin High has a BeagleKelvin High has a Beagle

Lip Print AnalysisLip Print Analysis

Lip print analysis at this scene Lip print analysis at this scene is done primarily by visual is done primarily by visual comparisoncomparison

Lip print samples were Lip print samples were providedprovided

It was determined that sample It was determined that sample A appeared on the napkin at A appeared on the napkin at the scenethe sceneSample C appeared on the Sample C appeared on the standing glassstanding glassSample D appeared on both Sample D appeared on both the standing and the knocked the standing and the knocked over glassover glassLip print comparison can be Lip print comparison can be used like fingerprint analysis, used like fingerprint analysis, but it is rarely used in forensic but it is rarely used in forensic science – infrequent samplesscience – infrequent samples

Blood Analysis - MethodBlood Analysis - Method

ConfirmationConfirmation Potential crime scene Potential crime scene

blood is sprayed with blood is sprayed with luminal sprayluminal spray

If the sample glows under a If the sample glows under a blacklight, it is a blood blacklight, it is a blood samplesample

Human ConfirmationHuman Confirmation Sample is placed on a gel-Sample is placed on a gel-

coated test platecoated test plate Testing solution and blood Testing solution and blood

sample will defuse towards sample will defuse towards each othereach other

Noticeable band will form in Noticeable band will form in the middle and will contain the middle and will contain human antigens if positivehuman antigens if positive

Blood Type AnalysisBlood Type Analysis Human blood analyzed Human blood analyzed

according to the ABO according to the ABO system of antigenssystem of antigens

A, B, and O are antibodies A, B, and O are antibodies attached to the surfaces of attached to the surfaces of red blood cellsred blood cells

Blood samples are mixed Blood samples are mixed with known samples of A with known samples of A and Band B

If the sample clumps with A If the sample clumps with A blood, it is also A-type. The blood, it is also A-type. The same is true with B to Bsame is true with B to B

Blood Analysis – Method Cont.Blood Analysis – Method Cont. If clumping to both occurs, If clumping to both occurs,

the sample is ABthe sample is AB If no clumping occurs, the If no clumping occurs, the

sample is type O – no sample is type O – no antibodiesantibodies

RH Factor AnalysisRH Factor Analysis RH factor is a proteinRH factor is a protein Indicated in blood types by Indicated in blood types by

+ or –+ or – The same clumping The same clumping

matching tests are used for matching tests are used for this proteinthis protein

If clumping occurs, the If clumping occurs, the blood sample is + for the blood sample is + for the RH factor. If not, the RH factor. If not, the sample is –sample is –

Therefore, each blood type Therefore, each blood type has a + and – versionhas a + and – version

Blood Analysis - ResultsBlood Analysis - Results

Blood found under Dr. Blood found under Dr. Donley’s fingernails Donley’s fingernails and on the knife were and on the knife were both of the B- typeboth of the B- type This matches Dr. This matches Dr.

Kelvin HighKelvin High

Fingerprint Analysis – MethodFingerprint Analysis – Method

DactylographyDactylography Used to determine the Used to determine the

percent similarity of a crime percent similarity of a crime scene fingerprint to a scene fingerprint to a known fingerprint in a known fingerprint in a databasedatabase

The comparison uses The comparison uses analysis of features: analysis of features: whorls, arches, and loopswhorls, arches, and loops

Fingerprints are all Fingerprints are all individual, no two are alikeindividual, no two are alike

FingerprintsFingerprints These are residue marks These are residue marks

from human skin oils left in from human skin oils left in the imprint of the the imprint of the individual’s fingerindividual’s finger

They are picked up with They are picked up with various compounds that various compounds that are powdered and/or are powdered and/or magnetizedmagnetized

The type of compound The type of compound depends on the surface of depends on the surface of which the print will be lifted which the print will be lifted fromfrom

Fingerprint Analysis - MethodFingerprint Analysis - Method

Database AnalysisDatabase Analysis Divided between value Divided between value

and no-value patternsand no-value patterns Value patterns are the Value patterns are the

various whorlsvarious whorls No-value patterns No-value patterns

include the loop and include the loop and arch based patternsarch based patterns

Prints given numbers Prints given numbers based on finger they based on finger they come from and pattern come from and pattern typestypes

Each fingerprint has a Each fingerprint has a code associated with itcode associated with it

Allows for database to Allows for database to sort to find similar printssort to find similar prints

Computer system Computer system analyzes the distances analyzes the distances between ridges, their between ridges, their starting positions, and starting positions, and their patternstheir patterns

Other features, such Other features, such as dots and enclosed as dots and enclosed areas, are also used in areas, are also used in comparisonscomparisons

Fingerprint Analysis - ResultsFingerprint Analysis - Results

After visually After visually comparing patterns of comparing patterns of various crime scene various crime scene prints, it was prints, it was determined that Dr. determined that Dr. Kelvin High was Kelvin High was present and had present and had played a roleplayed a roleFingerprints of Dr. Fingerprints of Dr. Sloopy Stretch also Sloopy Stretch also foundfound

Stolen Pathogens - LeprosyStolen Pathogens - Leprosy

Mycobacterium Laprae - Hansen’s Coccus SpirillyMycobacterium Laprae - Hansen’s Coccus Spirilly Bacteria often found in warm, tropical countriesBacteria often found in warm, tropical countries Aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a waxy coating Aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a waxy coating

characteristic of mycobacteriumcharacteristic of mycobacterium The first bacterium found to cause disease in humansThe first bacterium found to cause disease in humans has a complex and unique cell wall that makes it difficult to killhas a complex and unique cell wall that makes it difficult to kill

This also makes it replicate slowly – slowest of all known bacteriaThis also makes it replicate slowly – slowest of all known bacteria The bacterium has never been successfully grown in artificial The bacterium has never been successfully grown in artificial

culture platesculture platesDue to the fact that it lacks many necessary genes for independent Due to the fact that it lacks many necessary genes for independent survivalsurvival

Has, however, been grown on mouse foot pads in laboratoriesHas, however, been grown on mouse foot pads in laboratories

Stolen Pathogens – LeprosyStolen Pathogens – Leprosy

SymptomsSymptoms Main symptom or sign of Main symptom or sign of

leprosy is skin lesionsleprosy is skin lesions Causes numbness of the Causes numbness of the

limbs, dry scalp, vision limbs, dry scalp, vision problems and muscle problems and muscle weaknessweakness

Left untreated, leprosy can Left untreated, leprosy can cause permanent damage cause permanent damage to the skin, nerves, and to the skin, nerves, and eyeseyes

TreatmentTreatment A cocktail of multiple drugs A cocktail of multiple drugs

often including rifampicin, often including rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone clofazimine, and dapsone is usedis used

Drugs quickly kill the Drugs quickly kill the disease causing bacterium, disease causing bacterium, but do not immediately stop but do not immediately stop the symptomsthe symptoms

This indicates that many This indicates that many symptoms of leprosy are symptoms of leprosy are caused by damage to cells, caused by damage to cells, and not simply the and not simply the presence of bacteriapresence of bacteria

Stolen Pathogens - HIVStolen Pathogens - HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus - BackgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus - Background A human condition that can eventually lead to A human condition that can eventually lead to

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) It allows for life threatening infections to occur due to It allows for life threatening infections to occur due to

a deficient immune systema deficient immune system HIV infection occurs with the transfer of semen, HIV infection occurs with the transfer of semen,

vaginal fluid, breast milk, and or blood vaginal fluid, breast milk, and or blood AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since its AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since its

discovery and is considered to be a pandemic by discovery and is considered to be a pandemic by WHOWHO

Primarily infects vital cells in the immune system such Primarily infects vital cells in the immune system such as helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cellsas helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.

Virus SpecificsVirus Specifics HIV belongs to the genus LentrivirusHIV belongs to the genus Lentrivirus Lentriviruses are often responsible for long-duration illnesses Lentriviruses are often responsible for long-duration illnesses

with long incubation periodswith long incubation periods Transmitted as single stranded, enveloped RNA virusesTransmitted as single stranded, enveloped RNA viruses Upon entry to a target cell, the virus’ genomic RNA is transcribed Upon entry to a target cell, the virus’ genomic RNA is transcribed

as double stranded DNAas double stranded DNA Viral DNA is then introduced to the cell nucleus, and integrated Viral DNA is then introduced to the cell nucleus, and integrated

into the cellular DNAinto the cellular DNA The virus becomes latent once integrated to the cellular DNA, The virus becomes latent once integrated to the cellular DNA,

allowing it to remain undetected by the immune systemallowing it to remain undetected by the immune system Once the viral DNA is part of the cellular DNA, the cell will Once the viral DNA is part of the cellular DNA, the cell will

produce viral proteins produce viral proteins

Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.Stolen Pathogens – HIV Cont.

Virus Specifics Cont.Virus Specifics Cont. HIV has three stages: acute infection, latency, and HIV has three stages: acute infection, latency, and

AIDSAIDS The acute phase lasts 2-4 weeksThe acute phase lasts 2-4 weeks

Victims will suffer symptoms similar to those of influenza or Victims will suffer symptoms similar to those of influenza or mononucleosismononucleosis

Latency can last 2 weeks to 20 yearsLatency can last 2 weeks to 20 yearsThis stage is primarily in the lymph nodes, which can This stage is primarily in the lymph nodes, which can become chronically swollen become chronically swollen

Once AIDS is reached, many opportunistic infectious Once AIDS is reached, many opportunistic infectious diseases can attackdiseases can attack

AIDS is characterized as a T cell count lower than AIDS is characterized as a T cell count lower than 200 cells per microliter200 cells per microliter

No resistance to infections once AIDS is reachedNo resistance to infections once AIDS is reached

Suspect InterviewsSuspect Interviews

Danica MarketDanica MarketInformation obtained from Information obtained from interview:interview:

Was there for the entire Was there for the entire partyparty

Shoe size 7Shoe size 7 Pet FerretPet Ferret Admires Dr. Donley and Admires Dr. Donley and

her awardher award Was wearing pink lipstick, Was wearing pink lipstick,

along with many other along with many other patronspatrons

No to limited knowledge of No to limited knowledge of pathogenspathogens

Dr. Sloopy StretchDr. Sloopy Stretch Shoe size 11 (matches Shoe size 11 (matches

print at scene)print at scene) Admits to being at the party Admits to being at the party

and scene the entire time, and scene the entire time, but appears to have limited but appears to have limited involvement in the party involvement in the party itselfitself

Suspected by other Suspected by other suspects, including Dr. suspects, including Dr. Kelvin HighKelvin High

Suspect Interviews – Cont.Suspect Interviews – Cont.Dr. Kelvin HighDr. Kelvin High

Limited knowledge of Limited knowledge of pathogenspathogens

Specializes in PhysicsSpecializes in Physics Has a pet dog - beagleHas a pet dog - beagle Shoe size 7.5Shoe size 7.5 Claims he wasn’t invited to Claims he wasn’t invited to

the party (motive?)the party (motive?) Does not read newspapers Does not read newspapers

– therefore did not rip the – therefore did not rip the newspaper found at scenenewspaper found at scene

Signed the Insurance Signed the Insurance Policy on behalf of Dr. Policy on behalf of Dr. Donley for own benefitDonley for own benefit

Dr. Donley has insulted his Dr. Donley has insulted his alternative to string theoryalternative to string theory

Wants to prove Donley Wants to prove Donley wrong about his theory at wrong about his theory at any cost any cost

Case ConclusionCase Conclusion

After reviewing all case After reviewing all case information, the following information, the following has been concluded:has been concluded:

Dr. Sloopy Stretch was Dr. Sloopy Stretch was present on scene and stole present on scene and stole the pathogensthe pathogens

Has previous history of Has previous history of breaking into Dr. Donley’s breaking into Dr. Donley’s Lab – jealous of lab Lab – jealous of lab technologytechnologyShoeprint, size matching, Shoeprint, size matching, found next to Dr. Donley’s found next to Dr. Donley’s bodybodyAct of sabotage after Act of sabotage after Donley had been attackedDonley had been attacked

Case Conclusion – Cont.Case Conclusion – Cont.Dr. Kelvin High is the Dr. Kelvin High is the attackerattacker

Hair matched to the sceneHair matched to the scene Dog hair found on the Dog hair found on the

scene – has a beaglescene – has a beagle Matching blood type found Matching blood type found

under Donley’s nails and under Donley’s nails and on other objects in the labon other objects in the lab

Fingerprints found in labFingerprints found in lab Motives:Motives:

Receive benefits of the Receive benefits of the insurance policy he forgedinsurance policy he forgedAnger towards Dr. Donley Anger towards Dr. Donley for not recognizing his for not recognizing his theory and for not inviting theory and for not inviting him to the partyhim to the party

Resorted to physical attack Resorted to physical attack after cyanide efforts failedafter cyanide efforts failed

Tried to blame Dr. Stretch Tried to blame Dr. Stretch after seeing him on sceneafter seeing him on scene

The VerdictsThe Verdicts

Fortunately, the man of Fortunately, the man of the millennium did not the millennium did not visit Dr. Donley on the visit Dr. Donley on the night of the partynight of the partyDrs. Stretch and High Drs. Stretch and High were apprehendedwere apprehendedDr. Stretch’s trial dragged Dr. Stretch’s trial dragged out, but was eventually out, but was eventually ended with sentences for ended with sentences for theft and non-compliancetheft and non-complianceDr. High’s trial was a Dr. High’s trial was a short one, with the Dr. short one, with the Dr. being sentenced for being sentenced for assault and batteryassault and battery

Works CitedWorks Cited"Computer Forensics | Forensic "Computer Forensics | Forensic Science | Mysteries | Lesson Plan Science | Mysteries | Lesson Plan at Exploreforensics.com."at Exploreforensics.com."Lesson Lesson Plan | Forensic Science | Crime Plan | Forensic Science | Crime Scene | Unsolved Mysteries at Scene | Unsolved Mysteries at Exploreforensics.comExploreforensics.com. Web. 26 . Web. 26 Apr. 2011. Apr. 2011. <http://www.exploreforensics.com/<http://www.exploreforensics.com/>. >. "Forensic Science." "Forensic Science." Shambles in Shambles in S.E.Asia (The Education Project S.E.Asia (The Education Project Asia) at Www.shambles.netAsia) at Www.shambles.net. Web. . Web. 26 Apr. 2011. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://www.shambles.net/pages/l<http://www.shambles.net/pages/learning/sciencep/forensic/>. earning/sciencep/forensic/>.

"Forensic Science." "Forensic Science." The Science The Science SpotSpot. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. . Web. 26 Apr. 2011. <http://sciencespot.net/Pages/clas<http://sciencespot.net/Pages/classforsci.html>. sforsci.html>. Ms. Donley’s LecturesMs. Donley’s LecturesOfficer Christy’s Forensics Officer Christy’s Forensics presentationpresentationWikipedia – Various pagesWikipedia – Various pages