Explore What Makes Us Exceptional

Forensic Drug Testing ServicesUnited States Drug Testing Laboratories, Inc.

2

3

Better Options. Better Knowledge.

* Definitions of bold words are included in the glossary under Reference, page 14

At USDTL, we unite the best science available with state-of-the-art technology to bring you reliable and valid forensic testing results. Our drug and alcohol testing begins and ends with a strict chain of custody to ensure our results are fully defensible. We screen and confirm our samples on the highest quality instrumentation for each analysis, and we confirm all presumptive positives on GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Our positive result cutoffs are based on

the most credible and conclusive

peer-reviewed science available. USDTL scientists continually review the most current toxicology research to be sure our results and our tests are always on the cutting edge.The realm of drug and alcohol

toxicology is a constantly shifting landscape. To give our clients tools to address their evolving needs, we maintain an aggressive, proactive, and responsive Research & Development program. At USDTL, we strive to bring you

better options and better knowledge.

“USDTL’s direct alcohol biomarker tests have proven to be good tools to help us help our clients realize the negative impact of

alcohol abuse on their lives, thereby changing their world!” ~Guida Brown

The Hope Council on Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse in Kenosha, WI

4

We use the direct alcohol biomarkers EtG (ethyl glucuronide), and PEth (phosphatidylethanol) when testing for alcohol (ab)use. Direct biomarkers are created when ethanol (ethyl alcohol) enters the body. In contrast, indirect biomarkers

measure the effects of ethanol use on the health of the body. Even when ethanol is not present,

indirect biomarkers may be formed. Unlike direct biomarkers, indirect biomarkers can be confounded by factors such as hepatitis, liver disease, and other health issues. Direct ethanol biomarkers can only

produce positive results when ethanol is involved.

Ethyl Glucuronide — EtGEthanol is metabolized in the liver to produce EtG only when ethanol is in the body. Once it has been produced, EtG can be trapped and accumulate in the keratin fibers of hair and fingernails. At USDTL, we are experts in EtG testing in hair and nails. An EtG test in hair or nails typically provides data on alcohol misuse over the past 3 months. See our nail and hair testing pages for

information about sample collection.

Phosphatidylethanol — PEthPEth is created in red blood cells where it exists as part of the cell membrane. Research suggests a PEth test can differentiate between incidental exposure (hand sanitizer use, etc.) and the intentional use of ethanolA PEth test in blood gives a 2-3

week history of alcohol (ab)use. We offer PEth testing in both dried blood spots and whole blood. The sample amount is 5 dried blood spots from a finger puncture or 5 ml of blood from a standard blood draw using anticoagulation tube collection.Unlike whole blood draws, dried blood

spot collection is performed by the donor in the sight of any staff member who has attended a short training session. The specimen can be shipped immediately at ambient temperature.

Choosing Direct Ethanol Biomarker Testing

5

Fingernail Simple to collect, and easy to ship and store, fingernails provide a test sample that is at the cutting edge of drug and alcohol testing. Fingernails are made up of keratin, the same material as hair.As the nail grows, substances can

pass from the blood vessels below the nail into the keratin fibers where they become trapped. Fingernails are four times thicker than the typical strand of hair. Biomarkers become locked in keratin

fibers along the entire length of the nail. The window of detection is up to 3 months for alcohol, and up to 6 months for certain other substances of abuse.Environmental exposure to illicit

substances can be detected immediately in nail samples. When drugs or alcohol are ingested, biomarkers can be found in nails as early as 1-2 weeks. The time period during which drug or alcohol ingestion can be detected depends on the substance used, the amount used, and personal metabolism. Fingernail samples are clipped

and collected by the donor in front of a trained collection staff member. A clipping of 2-3 mm long (about the width of a quarter) from all ten fingernails will provide about 100 mg of sample, the ideal amount for screening and confirmation.

HairRecently, hair testing has come to be seen as a powerful tool for the detection of drug and alcohol (ab)use. Hair provides a

long-term history of drug and alcohol (ab)use by trapping biomarkers in the fibers of the growing hair strand. When collected close to the scalp, hair

can provide up to a 3 month history of drug and alcohol (ab)use. Drug and alcohol biomarkers can appear in scalp hair 1-7 days after the last use. Hair offers a sample that is simple to collect, somewhat difficult to adulterate, and easy to ship. A 1.5 inch sample of about 200 strands

of hair (about the size of a #2 pencil) closest to the scalp will give 100 mg of hair, the ideal amount for screening and confirmation.

Nail &

Hair

Drug Panels

Drug Panels: 17 16 15 14 12 10Amphetamines

Cannabinoids

Cocaine

Opiates

Phencyclidine

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Methadone

Propoxyphene

Oxycodone

Tramadol

Meperidine

Fentanyl

Sufentanil

Ketamine

Buprenorphine

Zolpidem

Fingernail & Hair Testing

Optional add-ons: Buprenorphine, Diphenhydramine, Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG), High-Potency Opiods (HPO), Propofol Glucuronide, Zolpidem

6

Drug Detected in Matrix PanelsDrug Class Details Nail Hair ChildGuard® Urine BloodWindow of Detection 2-3 days 1-3 days

Amphetamineamphetamine

MDA

MDEA

MDMA

methamphetamine

Barbituratesamobarbital

butalbital

pentobarbital

phenobarbital

secobarbital

Benzodiazepinesalprazolam

clonazepam

diazepam

flunitrazepam

flurazepam

lorazepam

midazolam

nitrazepam

nordiazepam

oxazepam

temazepam

triazolam

Buprenorphinebuprenorphine

norbuprenorphine

Cannabinoidscarboxy-THC

native-THC

Carisoprodolcarisoprodol (e.g. Soma®)

meprobamate

Cocainebenzoylecgonine

cocaethylene

cocaine

norcocaine

Ethanolethanol (1 drink/hour)

ethyl glucuronide (EtG)ethyl sulfate (EtS)

phosphatidylethanol (PEth) **

*

Up to 6 month

Up to 3 month

Up to 3 month

7

* Nail window of detection for alcohol is up to 3 months, other substances of (ab)use up to 6 months.**PEth is a long-term biomarker with a 2-3 week window of detection in blood. Ask about dried blood spot collection.

Drug Class Details Nail Hair ChildGuard® Urine BloodWindow of Detection 2-3 days 1-3 daysFentanylalfentanil

fentanyl

norfentanyl

High Potency Opioidsbutorphanol (e.g. Stadol®)

nalbuphine (e.g. Nubain®)

naloxone (e.g. Narcan®)

naltrexone (e.g. Revia®)

6-β-naltrexol

Ketamineketamine

norketamine

Meperidinemeperidine

normeperidine

MethadoneEDDP

methadone

Opiates6-MAM

codeine

hydrocodone

hydromorphone

morphine

Oxycodoneoxycodone

oxymorphone

Phencyclidinephencyclidine (PCP)

Propofolpropofol glucuronide

Propoxyphenenorpropoxyphene

propoxyphene

Sufentanilnorsufentanil

sufentanil

Tramadoltramadol

Zolpidemzolpidem (e.g. Ambien®)

zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic

Up to 6 month

Up to 3 month

Up to 3 month

*See individual matrix pages for all possible add-ons

8

*Collection of toenail and body hair should only be used if the primary matrices are not available. Direct Alcohol Biomarker testing is not available in toenail and body hair. Regarding collection: Fingernail and toenail cannot be mixed; head hair and body hair connot be mixed.

UrineDetection: 2-3 daysAdulteration Level: EasyCollection: Requires Notice

FingernailDetection: Up to 6 monthsUp to 12 months for toenail*Adulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: May Need Notice

HairDetection: Up to 3 monthsBiomarker: EtGAdulteration Level: ModerateCollection: May Need Notice

FingernailDetection: Up to 3 monthsBiomarker: EtGAdulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: May Need Notice

Dried Blood SpotDetection: 2-3 weeksBiomarker: PEthAdulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: No Notice Required

UrineDetection: 2-3 daysBiomarker: EtG & EtSAdulteration Level: EasyCollection: Requires Notice

HairDetection: Up to 3 monthsUp to 12 months for body hair*Adulteration Level: ModerateCollection: May Need Notice

Hair Exposure Testing (ChildGuard®) Detection: Up to 3 monthsAdulteration Level: ModerateCollection: May Need Notice

Oth

er S

ubst

ance

s of

Abu

seA

lcoh

ol

1 Day Window of Detection / History of Use 12 Months

Whole BloodDetection: 1-3 daysAdulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: No Notice Required

When Choosing a Test That’s Right For You, Consider These 5 Factors:1. Substances being tested2. Desired window of detection3. Specimen type4. Level of adulteration potential5. Notice required before collection

Choosing The Right Test: Direct Alcohol Biomarkers and Other Substances of Abuse

1 Day Window of Detection / History of Use 12 Months

9

*Collection of toenail and body hair should only be used if the primary matrices are not available. Direct Alcohol Biomarker testing is not available in toenail and body hair. Regarding collection: Fingernail and toenail cannot be mixed; head hair and body hair connot be mixed.

UrineDetection: 2-3 daysAdulteration Level: EasyCollection: Requires Notice

FingernailDetection: Up to 6 monthsUp to 12 months for toenail*Adulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: May Need Notice

HairDetection: Up to 3 monthsBiomarker: EtGAdulteration Level: ModerateCollection: May Need Notice

FingernailDetection: Up to 3 monthsBiomarker: EtGAdulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: May Need Notice

Dried Blood SpotDetection: 2-3 weeksBiomarker: PEthAdulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: No Notice Required

UrineDetection: 2-3 daysBiomarker: EtG & EtSAdulteration Level: EasyCollection: Requires Notice

HairDetection: Up to 3 monthsUp to 12 months for body hair*Adulteration Level: ModerateCollection: May Need Notice

Hair Exposure Testing (ChildGuard®) Detection: Up to 3 monthsAdulteration Level: ModerateCollection: May Need Notice

Oth

er S

ubst

ance

s of

Abu

seA

lcoh

ol

1 Day Window of Detection / History of Use 12 Months

Whole BloodDetection: 1-3 daysAdulteration Level: Diffi cultCollection: No Notice Required

When Choosing a Test That’s Right For You, Consider These 5 Factors:1. Substances being tested2. Desired window of detection3. Specimen type4. Level of adulteration potential5. Notice required before collection

Choosing The Right Test: Direct Alcohol Biomarkers and Other Substances of Abuse

1 Day Window of Detection / History of Use 12 Months

10

UrineUrine provides the middle ground in drug testing, showing a history of drug exposure shorter than hair, but longer than oral fluid. A sample of 10 ml provides information on the last 2-3 days of drug history for most drugs. We confirm all presumptive positive results by LC-MS/MS or GC-MS, and offer customized urine testing panels with over 50 drug and alcohol biomarkers, including propofol glucuronide (e.g. Diprivan®) and designer stimulants (i.e. Bath Salts).

Urine Testing

6-MAM: 6-MAM

OTC-Amphetamines: ephedrine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine

Antihistimines: brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, pheniramine

Cannabinoids (Synthetic): JWH-018 (Spice) metabolites, JWH-073 (Spice) metabolites

Designer Stimulants (i.e. Bath Salts): Mephedrone, MDPV, Methylone, MDMA, MDA, MDEA,

normephedrone

Dextromethorphan: dextromethorphan (e.g. Robotussin®), dextrorphan

Ethanol (EtOH) Biomarkers: ethanol, ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate

High-Potency Opioids (HPOs): 6-β-Naltrexol (naltrexone metabolite), butorphanol (e.g. Stadol®),

nalbuphine (e.g. Nubain®), naltrexone (e.g. Revia®)

Ketamine: ketamine, norketamine

Propofol: propofol glucuronide (e.g. Diprivan®)

Ritalin®: methylphenidate (e.g. Ritalin®), ritalinic acid

Tapentadol: N-desmethyltapentadol, tapentadol

Zolpidem: zolpidem (e.g. Ambien®), zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid

Optional Urine Add-ons:

Drug Panels: 17 16 15 14 12Amphetamines

Cannabinoids

Cocaine

Opiates

Phencyclidine

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Methadone

Propoxyphene

Oxycodone

Meperidine

Tramadol

Fentanyl

Sufentanil

Buprenorphine

Carisoprodol

Zolpidem

Urine Drug Panels

11

Hair Exposure Testing (ChildGuard®)When a child is exposed to illegal substance abuse they often also face other coexisting obstacles to a normal life - neglect, abuse, violence, and other vulnerabilities. Substance abuse is a disease, one that often prevents adults from doing what is in a child’s interests. Our environmental exposure test for children can help.Our hair environmental exposure

test is the only drug test designed to detect passive exposure to drugs. Our test detects both native drugs and drug metabolites in the hair sample. Drug metabolites are produced in

the body only if drugs have been ingested. Children in drug exposed environments are most often not drug users themselves, so drug metabolites are typically absent in child samples being tested for drug exposure. Typical hair tests with other labs will

only report a positive exposure result if drug metabolites are detected, even when the native drug is in the child

hair sample. Our hair environmental exposure test reports a positive result if either native drugs or drug metabolites are detected.A hair exposure test can provide

evidence of drug use in a child’s environment for the past 3 months. A positive test result suggests that the child has experienced one or more of the following: passive inhalation of drug smoke, contact with drug smoke, contact with sweat or sebum (skin oil) of a drug user, contact with the actual drug, and accidental or intentional ingestion of illegal drugs. Our research-based, forensic test for

passive exposure is the first and only test of its kind. See our hair testing pages for information about sample collection.

Environmental Exposure Testing

Drug Panels: 9 7 5Amphetamines

Cannabinoids

Cocaine

Opiates

Phencyclidine

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Methadone

Propoxyphene

Hair Exposure Testing (ChildGuard®)

Drug Panels

12

2004 - Initiated research on the use of umbilical cord tissue for drugs of (ab)use testing.

2011 - Development of the first test for in utero exposure to designer stimulants (Bath Salts).

2006 - First reference laboratory to test for the direct alcohol biomarker PEth in whole blood.

1994 - Hair testing offered to identify exposure of children living in households where cocaine has been used.

1994 - Offered a 5 drug panel test in hair.

2001 - Develops illicit prescription opiate testing in hair and oral fluid.

1991 - First offering of 5 drug panel meconium testing for in utero drug exposure.

1999 - Nail testing for drugs of (ab)use begins using nail scrapings.

1999 - Developed the first FAEE direct alcohol biomarker test for fetal alcohol exposure.

2013 - Developed first PEth direct alcohol biomarker testing for fetal alcohol exposure in dried blood spots.

2005 - First offering of a 12-drug panel for newborn testing using meconium.

2007 - USDTL launches first 5 drug panel umbilical cord testing for drugs of (ab)use.

2004 - USDTL initiates research on PEth direct alcohol biomarker testing in whole blood.

2005 - First development of EtG/EtS direct alcohol biomarker testing in urine.

2005 - First offering of a forensically defensible (screen + confirm) reference laboratory drug analysis of nail clippings.

2010 - First to offer PEth testing in dried blood spots.

2012 - Launched first commercial forensic test of umbilical cord tissue for prenatal alcohol exposure.

1998 - Introduced oral fluid drugs of (ab)use testing.

Leading for Decades, Developing For Tomorrow.

13

2004 - Initiated research on the use of umbilical cord tissue for drugs of (ab)use testing.

2011 - Development of the first test for in utero exposure to designer stimulants (Bath Salts).

2006 - First reference laboratory to test for the direct alcohol biomarker PEth in whole blood.

1994 - Hair testing offered to identify exposure of children living in households where cocaine has been used.

1994 - Offered a 5 drug panel test in hair.

2001 - Develops illicit prescription opiate testing in hair and oral fluid.

1991 - First offering of 5 drug panel meconium testing for in utero drug exposure.

1999 - Nail testing for drugs of (ab)use begins using nail scrapings.

1999 - Developed the first FAEE direct alcohol biomarker test for fetal alcohol exposure.

2013 - Developed first PEth direct alcohol biomarker testing for fetal alcohol exposure in dried blood spots.

2005 - First offering of a 12-drug panel for newborn testing using meconium.

2007 - USDTL launches first 5 drug panel umbilical cord testing for drugs of (ab)use.

2004 - USDTL initiates research on PEth direct alcohol biomarker testing in whole blood.

2005 - First development of EtG/EtS direct alcohol biomarker testing in urine.

2005 - First offering of a forensically defensible (screen + confirm) reference laboratory drug analysis of nail clippings.

2010 - First to offer PEth testing in dried blood spots.

2012 - Launched first commercial forensic test of umbilical cord tissue for prenatal alcohol exposure.

1998 - Introduced oral fluid drugs of (ab)use testing.

1980-19891990-19992000-20092010+

14

Glossary of Terms

(Ab)use — Used in place of the phrase “abuse and/or use”.

Adulterate — When a donor tries to affect their test sample (hair, urine, etc.) in order to reduce or eliminate the amount of drug and alcohol biomarker in the sample, they are attempting to adulterate the sample.

Biomarker — a measurable substance whose presence is indicative of ingestion or exposure to substances of (ab)use.

Chain of Custody — The chain of custody is a paper trail of test sample collection, and is necessary to maintain the legal validity of testing results should they need to be presented in court as evidence. It records custody, control, transfer and analysis of a test specimen as it moves through the testing process. Chain of custody (a.k.a. chain of evidence) proves that the evidence given in court concerning a drug test is the same evidence collected from the donor. Chain of custody proves that no one tampered with the evidence. A court can exclude the evidence if proper chain of custody was not maintained.

GC-MS, LC-MS/MS (Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry, Liquid Chromatography —Tandem Mass Spectrometry) — Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry instruments are state-of-the-art tools we use to screen and confirm our test samples. They are manned 24 hours a day by highly qualified toxicology scientists.

Keratin — A protein found in several biological tissues including nails, hair, skin, feathers, animal hooves, and others. Keratin forms fibers in tissues, which are very effective at capturing and trapping drug and alcohol metabolites.

Window of Detection — The length of time following ingestion that a substance can be detected in a test sample.

Reference

15

Sign up For an Account1. Contact our Development Manager – Forensic Accounts, Meghan

Burke, to request an Account Application.

2. Complete Account Application and return via email or fax.

3. Meghan will contact you to discuss services, supplies and pricing. She will send three forms: (1) Terms of Service (2) Account Set Up (3) Supply Order Form

4. Sign the Terms of Service and return via email or fax.

5. Sign and complete Account Set Up and return via email or fax.

6. Complete Supply Order and return via email or fax.

7. Account will be finalized by a Client Advocate and supplies shipped.

8. You will be sent a USDTL Welcome Packet via USPS and given your Client ID #.

Meghan Burke’s Contact Information: Cell: 847.830.7998 Email: forensictesting@usdtl.com Fax: 847.375.0775 – Attn: Meghan Burke

If you already have an existing account with us, please direct questions to our Client Advocates at clientservices@usdtl.com or 800.235.2367.

United States Drug Testing Laboratories, Inc.1700 South Mount Prospect Road

Des Plaines, IL 60018 | 800.235.2367 | www.USDTL.com

Information is up-to-date as of: 09.29.2015Our services are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

For forensic use only.