Foreign Animal Disease

Angie DementExtension Associate for Veterinary Medicine

Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

Texas A&M SystemCollege Station, TX 77843

http://aevm.tamu.edu

What are Foreign Animal Diseases?

Disease that is not currently present in the United States

Can be zoonotic

How can a FAD come into U.S.?

Natural

Accidental

Intentional (bioterrorist act)

Prevention Methods

USDA/APHIS Inspection at entries Quarantine animals and animal products Health papers

Importance of Control

FEAD’s are pathogenic & contagious Easily transmissible High exposure

Susceptible animals Devastating losses

Animal economic

Reportable Diseases

What are they? Diseases not known to be in the US Can be diseases that are here but subject to

eradication and control Emerging Animal Diseases

Foreign Animal Diseases

Foot and Mouth Disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Rift Valley Fever Exotic Newcastle Disease Avian Influenza And many, many more

Foot and Mouth Disease

Foot and Mouth Disease Highly contagious Potential to spread

rapidly People not affected

Devastating Emotionally Economically Sociologically

Susceptible domestic and wild cloven-hoofed livestock Cattle Sheep Goats Domestic and feral swine Deer Llamas

Transmission Aerosol

wind Mechanical

people, vehicles, animals Biological

movement of infected animals uncooked or undercooked meat products

If an outbreak occurs Restrictions Quarantines Eradication

Slaughter of animals Proper disposal

FMD Outbreak in 2001 in Great Britian Delayed response

10,472 farms depopulated 4 million destroyed to stop disease 2.5 million “humanely” slaughtered Over $13 billion

Increased risk Travelers Meat products Garbage Bioterrorist

TAHC prohibits feeding meat garbage to swine

BSE

Decrease risk No ruminants or products from Europe USDA regulations

No ruminant protein as feed Downer cattle

First Line of Defense

Biosecurity Livestock owners Early detection and reporting

Biosecurity Measures

Wash hands Wash disinfect boots Wash disinfect trailer Wash disinfect tires Wash disinfect borrowed equipment Proper garbage disposal

Lock gates Stranger alert International visitor – >48 hours wait Purchased cattle – >2 weeks isolation, tests Routine observations

Identify sources Raise replacements Purchase entries from clean herds Test purchased entries Vaccinate purchased entries

Isolate purchased entries Reduce commingling Separate carriers/shedders Restrict visitor and vehicle entries Construct buffer zone fencing

Who do you contact?

Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) 1-800-550-8242

USDA

Questions?

http://aevm.tamu.edu