forces of imperialism motives: economic competition for markets & raw materials national pride...
TRANSCRIPT
Forces of ImperialismMotives:• Economic competition for markets & raw
materials
• National pride
• Racism
• Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples
• Superior weapons
• Railroads, cables, steamships
• Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria
Forces of ImperialismTechnological Advantages over Africa:
• Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures
• Ethnic rivalries
• Lower level of technology, including weapons
Forces of ImperialismFactors Making Africa Vulnerable:
Division of AfricaBerlin Conference of 1884 & 1885:
• Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries
• Outcomes:– Random distribution of African ethnic &
linguistic groups among European nations– Transformation of the way of life of Africans
• Zulus– Shaka – created large centralized state– Successors unable to keep together against British
superior arms – British invaded 1879– Fell to British control in 1887
• Boers (Dutch) – a.k.a. Afrikaners– 1st Europeans to settle in S. Africa
• British– Took over Cape Colony in early 1800s – clashed with
Boers over British policy regarding land & slaves
Division of AfricaClash in South Africa:
• Diamonds/gold discovered in 1860s & 1880s• Boers launched commando raids & used guerilla
tactics• British burned farms & imprisoned women &
children• Britain finally won• Outcome:
– Creation of self-governing Union of South Africa controlled by British
Division of AfricaBoer War (1899-1910):
French Control of IndochinaHow Brought Under Control:• Missionaries were
killed
• French army invaded Vietnam
• Combined it with Laos and Cambodia
• Direct control– French themselves filled all important
positions in gov’t
French Control of IndochinaMethod of Control:
• Discouraged local industry
• Rice became major export crop
French Control of IndochinaEconomic Policies:
• Imposed French culture
• All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models
• ↓ of local industries
• Less food for peasants
French Control of IndochinaColonial Impact:
Japanese in AsiaWar with China (Sino-Japanese War) (1894-1895):
• How it started:– Rebellion broke out against Korea’s king, who asked
China for military help– Chinese troops marched into Korea– Japan protested violation of agreement & sent its
troops to fight the Chinese• Consequences:
– Destruction of Chinese navy– Beginning of Japanese colonial empire– Change to world’s balance of power– Emergence of Russia & Japan as major powers (&
enemies) in Asia
• Annexed Korea – brought under control
• Ruled Korea harshly
• Established very repressive gov’t that denied rights to Korea
• Inspired Korean nationalist movement
Japanese in AsiaOccupation of Korea:
Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China):
• Setting the Stage:– China self-sufficient, little
trade w/ west favorable balance of trade
– Europeans wanted to find product Chinese would buy in large quantities found it in opium
– Many Chinese became addicted
• Causes:– Chinese emperor wanted trade stopped
Britain refused to stop
Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China):
• Results & Effects:– Chinese defeat & humiliation– Cession of Hong Kong to Britain– Continuation of opium trade– Extraterritorial rights for foreign citizens– Chinese resentment against foreigners
Interaction with WesternersOpium War (China):
• Setting the Stage:– Population provided major challenge growing
30% in only 60 years
Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China):
• Causes:– Hunger/starvation caused by inability to feed
enormous population– Increasing opium addiction– Poverty
Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China):
• Results & Effects:– Rebellion put down– Restoration of Qing to power (with help of
British and French forces)– 20 million people died
Interaction with WesternersTaiping Rebellion (China):
• Perry Arrives in Tokyo:– Arrives with letter from U.S. President
Fillmore– Letter politely asked shogun to allow
free trade– Perry gave threat that he would
return with larger fleet in one year to get Japanese reply
– Purpose: shock & frighten Japanese into accepting trade with U.S.
Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan):
• Treaty of Kanagawa (1854):– Japan opened two ports where ships could
take supplies
Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan):
• Benefits to U.S.A.:– Gained rights to trade at those two ports– Opened door for other W powers
Interaction with WesternersCommodore Matthew Perry (Japan):
Effects of ImperialismColonization:• Europeans control land and people in
areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America
• Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies
Effects of ImperialismColonial Economics: