forced labour situation in some prisons and … · forced labour situation in some prisons and...
TRANSCRIPT
FORCEDLABOURSITUATIONINSOMEPRISONSANDMILITARYUNITS
INMONGOLIA
Agar‐ErdeneGankhuyagPolicyAnalysisandHumanRightsEducationDivisionNationalHumanRightsCommissionofMongolia
NHRCM– whoweare
• TheNHRCisaninstitutionmandatedwiththepromotionandprotectionofhumanrightsandchargedwithmonitoringovertheimplementationoftheprovisionsonhumanrightsandfreedom,providedintheConstitutionofMongolia,lawsandinternationaltreatiesofMongolia.
NHRCM– whatwedo• Toconductaninquiryonthebasisofacomplaintlodgedtothe
Commissionregardinghumanrightsviolation,• Toexaminethecomplaintsregardingtoviolationsofhumanrights,• Tomakearesearchonthematichumanrightsissues,• Toputforwardrecommendationandproposalsonwhetherlawsor
administrativedecisionsareinconformitywiththekeyhumanrightsprinciples;
• Tocooperatewithinternational,regionalandnationalhumanrightsinstitutions;
• TowriteareportonhumanrightssituationinMongolia• Tomarketlawsandinternationaltreatiesregardingtohumanrightsto
thegeneralpublic• Toencourageactivitiesofaccesstoeducationofhumanrights• ToencourageratificationofInternationalHumanRightsTreatyor
accessiontoabovementionedinstrument.
LegalbasisinMongoliaregardingforcedlabour
ConstitutionofMongoliaClause16.4ofArticle16“…Nooneshallbeunlawfullyforcedtowork.”
MongoliaratifiedILOConventionNo29andConventionNo105in2005.
Monitoringobjects
From12June2013to2September2013,NHRCMconductedmonitoring
‐attheConstruction‐engineeringUnit339and340oftheGeneralStaffoftheArmedForce‐ andPrisons407,417,and421oftheGeneralAuthorityforImplementingCourtDecisions,
Prisonlabour
Legislations• LawonCourtDecisionEnforcement:“Prisonauthorityshallimplementthefollowingmandateswithrespecttothearrest,convictionandsentence”andarticle8.24stipulatesthat“toletinmatescarryoutforcedlabour andprovidepracticalexperiencestoinmatesinthefieldtheyhaveworkedin”.
• LawonCourtDecisionEnforcement:‐inmateswhoareinmaximumsecurityandmediumsecurityprisonscanonlyundertakeworkorservicesintheperimeteroftheprison,‐inmateswhoareinlowsecuritycanworkoutsideoftheprisonandcanworkbasedoncontractssignedwithindividualsorlegalentities.
• Regulationgoverninglabour arrangementsandremunerationforprisoninmates‐inmatesshallreceiveafixedminimumwageforpart‐timeworkasreflectedintheLawonLabourMinimumWage‐iftheyundertakeovertimework,theyshallbeprovidedwithadditionalpaymentwhenundertakingworkbasedoncontractswithindividuals,legalentitiesordomesticfactory.
Currentsituation
• salariesarenotcompletelyallocatedtotheinmates
‐someagreements,thewageoftheinmatesisequaltotheminimumwageofthetime,butthepayrollsindicatesthateachinmatewaspaidonly25‐50percentofthetotalmonthlysalarythatshouldbeissued,and50‐75percentwasspentforthecostofotheractivitiesofthePrison.
• an inmateshallnotbepaidfortheworkdoneonthebuildingandconstructionandfatiguedutyconductedonthebasisofinternalresourcesofthecourtdecisionenforcementorganisation andprison,
• shallbepaidfortheworkdoneonthebasisofanagreementofservice.However,inmateswhoareworkingdailywithintheprison(cook,stoker,driver,janitor,etc.)areworkingwithoutasalary.
• AlthoughClause121.1oftheLawonCourtDecisionEnforcementstatesthat,“Inmatesshallbepaidasalaryappropriatetotheamountandqualityoftheworkhe/shehasdone,”therearemanycasesinwhichinmates’labour isnotevaluatedappropriatelyortheyarenotpaidfortheworkhe/shehasdone.
RecommendationsTotheMinisterofJusticeofMongolia:
• AlignthedraftLawonImprisonmentProcedureswithILOConventionsNo.29andNo.105onthe“Prohibitionofforcedlabour”inordertoarrangelabourrelationofinmates,andaswellastomakeotherlegalamendments.
• TheLawonCourtDecisionEnforcementandarticle8containsthedutiesandjurisdictionoftheauthorityforImplementingCourtDecisions.Inadditionarticle8.2.4specifiesthatinmatescanworkcompulsoryandobtaincertainworkexperience.Thisprovisionallowsfortheforcedlabourofinmates.Therefore,thisregulationshouldbechangedorshallnotbeincludedinanewdraftlaw;
• Article121.3oftheLawonCourtDecisionEnforcementstatesthataccordingtoarticle121.2aninmatewhoisworkingataprisonfactoryshallreceivehis/herwagedirectlyintohis/herbankaccountafterallallocationsaresettled.Atthispointtheterm“allallocations”isnotclearandthereforeshouldbechangedornotincludedinanewdraftlaw.
• Disciplinarypunishmentsstatedinarticles127.1.1and127.1.2oftheLawonCourtDecisionEnforcementrequiringinmatestoworkwithoutwages,andtheuseofpoorworkingconditionsasadisciplinarymeasurecontraveneinternationallaw.Therefore,thosearticlesshouldbechangedorshouldnotbeincludedinadraftlaw;
TotheGeneralAuthorityforImplementingCourtDecisions:
• Inmatesarerequiredpayafeeforelectricity,heating,cleaning,water,transportation,vocationaltraininganditsrelatedstudies,aswellasanydamagetothecorrectionalfacility,andtherepaymentofdebtschargedbythecourt.Althoughtheregulationswithregardtoinmate labourstandardswerechangedbyRegulationA/32from6February2013,notfeelimitwasplacedonthedeductionsunderArticle121.3.Itisrecommendedtheregulationsbeamendedtobringthedeductionsfromthewagesofinmates intolinewithArticle63oftheLabourLaw;
• Undertakeregularmonitoringofnetandgrosswages,takingmeasurestoincreasewagestomeetminimumstandards.
• Thewagesofinmatesworkingundercontractswithindividualsandsmallenterprisesareallocatedtothecorrectional facilitiesincashandnotviabanktransfer,contraveninglawsandregulations,suchasarticle121.2oftheLawonCourtDecision Enforcement”statingthatawageforworkbasedonemploymentcontractsshouldbepaidviabanktransfertotheinmate’saccount.
Forcedlabour inmilitaryunits
Legislations• LawonArmedForce:,“WiththeconsentoftheCommander‐in‐ChiefoftheArmedForceandunderthedecisionofthecabinetmemberinchargeofdefensesomemilitaryunitscanbeinvolvedinfatiguedutyandconstructionworkwithoutweakeningcombatreadinessofthearmedforces.”
• Ruletoinvolvemilitaryunitsandorganisations inbusinessactivities: “...somemilitaryunitsandorganisations outsideoftheunit’ssitebasedonagreementsbythegovernmentandprivateorganisations implementingprojectsthatareimportantforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofMongolia,shallmeaninvolvingmilitaryunitandorganisation inbusinessactivities.”
Currentsituation
‐ salariesarenotallocatedtotheconscripts
Militaryunitordersconscriptedservicementodoworkforaconstructionsitethroughsigningacontractwithindividualsorlegalbodies,butthesalaryisnotallocatedtotheactualconscriptedservicemen.
‐worksarenotpurelymilitarycharacter‐ andnon‐voluntaryworks
Duringthemonitoring, itwasfoundthatthemilitaryconscriptedservicemenhadnotsignedanycontractswithindividuals, or privateenterprisesormilitaryunits.Buttheyare involvedinseveralbuildingandconstructionprojectsbymilitaryconscriptedservicemenforindividualsandprivateenterprises.
‐ workovertime‐ Fromthequestionnaire,theNHRCMhasfoundthatmilitaryconscriptedservicemenoftenworkadditionalhoursincludingcarryingoutmilitaryhouseholddutiesandconstructionandmaintenancework.
‐ Inordertomeetcontractdeadlinesconscriptedservicemenarerequiredtoworkmorethan8hoursperday.
RecommendationsTotheStateGreatKhural:
• Article4.3oftheLawofArmedForcesofMongoliashouldbeamended,addingaclausetoensuretheworkingconditionsandwagesofmilitaryconscriptedservicemenundertakinganon‐militaryrelatedwork,isinlinewiththatofordinarycitizens.
TothePresidentofMongolia:
• Article2ofthe''Regulationontheparticipationofmilitaryunits,organisationinwork''enactedasAnnexofDecreeNo.153ofPresidentofMongoliaon1999isinbreachofthearticlesoftheinternationaltreatiesthatMongoliahasaccededto,asitallowsthe''participationofmilitaryunitsandorganisationsineconomicwork”.Theseworksaredefinedinthelawtomeancontractualworkoutsideofmilitarybasesbymilitaryunitsfor a stateorprivateenterprisewhoisimplementingaprojectsignificantforthedevelopmentofMongolia’seconomyandsociety.
• .ItisrecommendedthatArticle2oftheRegulationaboveshouldbeamendedtoalignwiththeregulationsinILO29and105Conventions,immediately.
TotheMinistryofDefenseandGeneralStaffofArmedForcesofMongolia:
• OnlythePresidentofMongoliahasthepowertomakechangestoregulationsonmilitaryunitsandorganisationsoftheArmedForcesofMongolia,undertakingnon‐militaryrelatedworksincluding householdandreconstructionworks,bytheArticle13.1.8oftheLawonArmedForcesofMongolia,thustoannultheact#512of2010,whichwasissuedbythechiefoftheGeneralstaffofArmedForcesofMongoliaandwasoutofhisjurisdiction.
• ItisrecommendedthattheMinisterandGeneralstaffallocatewagesofnolessthantheminimumwagetoconscriptedservicemenundertakingnon‐militaryworks(household,reconstruction)andtoensurethatsocialsecurityisarrangedinaccordancewiththerules.
• ThePresidentofMongoliaistheCommanderinChiefoftheArmedForcesofMongolia.
Validationmeetings
• TheNHRCofMongoliaheldtwovalidationmeetingswithrepresentativesfromcorrespondingbodiesonOctober17,2013andonOctober21,2013.