For Us, the sun is the provider of Energy;

The Provider of The Provider of LifeLife

Helios the Greek

Sun-God

Ra - Egypt

Indian - SuryaCeltic

The SUN has been treated as

God over the ages

Now Astronomers have studied it with various telescopes.

The best way to view the Sun with a small telescope

Now Astronomers have studied it with various telescopes.

This is how it is seen by Solar Astronomers

We now know that …

The Sun is a Closeby Star

The Sun is Huge

1.4 Million Kilometers1.4 Million Kilometers

The Sun is composed mostly of extremely hot Hydrogen

More details about the SUN

• It is 13,00,000 times the Earth in Volume

• A 109 Earth can be places end to end along its diameter

• It is 149,600,000 km from the Earth hence, its light takes

8.24 minutes to reach us• Because of this it appears to cover only half a degree in sky• It emits all the radiations in the Electromagnetic spectrum (Gamma Rays to Radio waves)

Scientifically we are still trying to know about the

sun.

Internal Structure of

StructureStructure

Hot Dense Core:Hot Dense Core:Fusion happens hereFusion happens here

Radiative Zone:Radiative Zone:Energy carried by Energy carried by

photonsphotons

Convective Zone:Convective Zone:Energy carried by Energy carried by

convectionconvection

Photosphere and CoronaPhotosphere and CoronaThe visible surfaceThe visible surface Hot thin Hot thin

atmosphereatmosphere

Most of what we know comes from Astronomical observations using various

kinds of Telescopes.Let us view it at differing

Zoom levels.

A picture of the Sun

SunspotsSunspotsHere we see

the Photosphere!

Some special features, called

Sunspots, are alsoseen.

Let us Zoom in

The surface temperature of

the Sun is5600 degrees

centigrade

Sunspots are dark spots on the surface of the

Sun where the temperature

is lower than the surrounding areas.

Let us Zoom in

Surface GranulationSurface Granulation

Let us Zoom in

A Prominence is a large, bright,

gaseous feature extending outward

from the Sun's surface, often

in a loop shape.

These also indicatethe nature of

magnetic fieldson the Sun.

Let us Zoom in

The Magnetic loops can sometimes break,

and cause hugeeruptions of hotPlasma from the

Sun's surface.

These are calledSolar Flares

Solar Flares can rise through the Chromosphere into the Corona

The Corona

The Corona The Corona is very dim to be is very dim to be seen in comparison with theseen in comparison with the

rest of the Sun.rest of the Sun.

But it can be seen during But it can be seen during a Total Solar Eclipsea Total Solar Eclipse

Coronal Mass Ejections

Astronomers can cover the Sun in their telescopes to cause an artificial eclipse and see the eruptions clearly.

The Coronal Mass Ejection & other The Coronal Mass Ejection & other ejections from the Sun go outward in the ejections from the Sun go outward in the Solar system and is called the Solar WindSolar system and is called the Solar Wind

Solar WindSolar Wind

Fast moving solar wind hitting the

sensors of the SOHO, which observes the

Sun from Space.

Space WeatherSpace Weather

Some conditions in space have the potential to seriously affect us on Earth.

We call these conditions "space weather".

The causes can include radiation “storms“ and some ejections from the Sun.

Seen from the GroundSeen from the Ground

AuroraAurora

AuroraAurora

Seen from SpaceSeen from Space

The Sun-Earth connectionThe Sun-Earth connection

All our energy comes from the

Sun!The Sun has E=mc2

as its source of energy.

Nuclear Fusion

• When 4 hydrogen nuclei are fused together into 1 helium nucleus, energy is released in the form of Light photons and particles called neutrinos.

Energy from SunEnergy from Sun

Earth’s BudgetEnergy from SunEnergy from Sun

Energy from SunEnergy from SunEfficient use by Plants

Using what we have, properly

Solar Cookers

Solar HeaterSolar Lighting

Solar Cycle

Periodic changes are seen in the number of Sunspots.

Solar Cycle

This is indicates by changes in the sun's appearance and by changes seen on Earth, such as auroras.

Solar CycleSolar cycles have an average duration of about 11 years.

They have been observed for hundreds of years.

The Sun-Earth connectionThe Sun-Earth connection

This does not affect the earth in anyway!!!

It is simply a play of shadows.

Life Cycle of Sun & Possible end

Solar SystemSolar System

The Sun’s FamilyThe Sun’s Family

Heliosphere

Beyond the Solar SystemBeyond the Solar System

SunSun

sauysauyaa

50,000 light years50,000 light years

Milky Way -

AakaXagaMgaa

Good Websites

• www.thesuninmotion.com/• www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/

solar_topics.html

THANK YOU