FOR STARTERS:

AVID STRATEGY: Analyze Turn to pages 166-167 and answer the

following timeline questions:1. What year did France recognize

American independence?2. Where was the first major battle of the

Revolutionary War?3. What battle marked the turning point in

the Revolution?4. In what treaty did Britain recognize

American independence?

FOR STARTERS:AVID STRATEGY: EVALUATE

• John Adams said: “The revolution was in the minds of people, and this was effected from 1760-1775…before a drop of blood was drawn at Lexington.” What do you think Adams meant by this?

FOR STARTERS

• Turn to page 169 and read the three paragraphs under “Rebels take Ticonderoga.”

• Why was Fort Ticonderoga an important prize?

FOR STARTERSAVID STRATEGY: INTERPRET

• Turn to page 170 and answer the Geography skills questions 2-3.

FOR STARTERSAVID STRATEGY: EVALUATE

• Turn to page 175 and read “Remember the Ladies” by Abigail Adams and answer the bold question.

FOR STARTERS

• Turn to page 173 (and 174) and read the section on Common Sense.

• Why do you think he called his pamphlet “Common Sense”?

FOR STARTERS:AVID STRATEGY: APPLY

• John Adams predicted the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence would be “celebrated by succeeding generations…with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations.”

• What does the 4th of July mean to you? Why?

FOR STARTERSAVID STRATEGY: INTERPRET

• Turn to page 189 and read the American Profile on John Paul Jones and answer the bold question.

CONTENT OBJECTIVES:

• 6.8.4 Explain the major ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence

• 6.8.5 Describe key people and events of the American Revolution

LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES:

• SWBAT:

• Fulfill the content objectives by analyzing primary sources, taking notes, and viewing pictures and photos.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• KEY TERMS• Blockade• Traitor• Preamble• Natural Rights• Ally• Guerrilla• Siege• Ratify

BLOCKADE

TRAITOR

Benedict Arnold

PREAMBLE

NATURAL RIGHTS

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Samuel Adams

ALLY

GUERRILLA

SIEGE

American siege at Yorktown

RATIFY

Delegates in painting above discuss ratification of the Constitution

OLIVE BRANCH PETITION

• (May 10, 1775) After Lexington and Concord, colonial delegates sent this petition from the Second Continental Congress to King George III

• It was called the “Olive Branch” because it’s a symbol of peace—the delegates were trying to end the disagreements peacefully

“Extending the Olive Branch”

•Delegates requested repeal of the Intolerable Acts

•Britain rejected the terms of this petition and King George III sent in 20,000 troops

THE CONTINENTAL ARMY

• Second Continental Congress selected George Washington as commander of the Continental Army

• They called themselves the Patriots

General George Washington

The Continental Army

• Disadvantages: poorly organized (at first), few cannons, little gunpowder, no navy

• Advantages: fighting a defensive war, knew their own land better

THE BRITISH

• Known as the “Redcoats”

• Supported by “loyalists” who lived in the colonies, but still supported the British

BRITISH ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

• Advantages: highly trained, experienced troops, plenty of weapons, best navy in the world

• Disadvantages: fighting a war 3,000 miles from home (it took days or weeks for supplies to be shipped from Britain)

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL

• (June 16, 1775) Colonel William Prescott led 1,200 Patriots up Bunker hill near Boston but moved to nearby Breed’s Hill for better positioning

• Became the first major battle of the war

• From there, Prescott could fire upon British ships in Boston Harbor

“DON’T FIRE UNTIL YOU SEE THE WHITES OF THEIR EYES!”

COL. WILLIAM PRESCOTT

BUNKER HILL CONT…

• At sunrise, British General William Howe sent 2,400 Redcoats to attack the Americans’ position

• British were victorious, but it showed the Americans wouldn’t be easy to defeat

• 1,000 British were killed or wounded, to only 400 Americans

AMERICANS SIEGE BOSTON

• When Washington reached the outskirts of Boston a few weeks later, he found 16,000 troops waiting

• He trained them into a well-organized army

• He also received some cannons to attack the British that the Green Mountain Boys had raided from Fort Ticonderoga

REDCOATS LEAVE

• When General Howe realized what he was against, he and his troops left Boston

• British continued to blockade all colonial ports

Washington and his troops lay siege to Boston

COMMON SENSE

• Written by Thomas Paine in 1776

• His goal was to convince colonists that it was necessary to separate from Britain

• He said that Americans owed no loyalty to King George III or any other monarch.

• This document sold the idea to many Americans that we must separate from Britain

Thomas Paine

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• Delegates at the Second Continental Congress knew that they would be considered “traitors” if they left the empire

• Thomas Jefferson was given the job of writing the Declaration of Independence

• July 4, 1776 (Independence Day), the document was adopted

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE MAIN PARTS:

1. Preamble• Describes why independence is necessary

2. Natural Rights• Describes how all men deserve certain freedoms

3. British Wrongs• A big list of things the British did to cause this action

4. Independence• Announced “The United States of America”

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence

3rd President

Died 50 years to the day that the Declaration was adopted: July 4, 1826 (the same day as John Adams)

Common Sense

Dec. of Ind.

A BAD START FOR WASHINGTON

• Battle of Long Island was a bad defeat for Washington in August 1776

• General Howe had 44,000 troops to Washington’s 20,000

• 1,400 American killed, wounded, or captured and retreated to Manhattan, NY and then into Pennsylvania

DISCUSSION QUESTION:

• If you were a newspaper reporter, how would you evaluate General Washington’s handling of the Battle of Long Island?

LEVEL THREE QUESTION: EVALUATE (WOW! WE HAVE SOME BRILLIANT STUDENTS IF THEY CAN ANSWER THIS TOUGH QUESTION!!!)

Nathan Hale (1755-1776)

Washington ordered him to spy on the British in New York to learn of Howe’s plans

Hale was captured and hanged

Before he was hanged, Hale uttered these famous words:

“I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”

AMERICANS GAIN MOMENTUM

• Battle of Trenton (New Jersey)• Washington organized a surprise attack on

Trenton, first by crossing the Delaware river on Christmas night (cold!!!)

• (December 26, 1776) Americans quickly defeat Hessian troops there

• Washington tricked British after that by leading them into Princeton and defeating them there too

WASHINGTON CROSSES THE DELAWARE RIVER

General George Washington

Future president James Monroe

TURNING POINT!

• Battle of Saratoga (October 17,1777) ended in American victory in New York

• This ended the British threat to New England—they would turn their attention to the south thereafter

• The French see the Americans can win• The French join the Americans in fighting

the British and contribute a much needed navy

The U.S. and France became Allies in the war

against Britain

WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE

• Valley Forge is northwest of Philadelphia

• The winter of 1777-1778 was bitterly cold and snowy

• Washington’s troops were stationed here in tents throughout the winter

The harsh conditions at Valley Forge nearly defeated Washington’s army without a single shot being fired. Many soldiers deserted their posts or died of disease.

DISCUSSION QUESTION #2

• Imagine you are a soldier and just had a huge victory at Saratoga but then have to suffer through the terrible winter at Valley Forge…speculate how you would be feeling.

LEVEL THREE QUESTION: SYNTHESIZE

Like Rocky before the big fight, we’re getting’ stronger!!

END OF WINTER MEANS NEW LIFE!

• Patriots from around the country sent food and cloths to aid the soldiers there

• When this was over, this marked the end of the bad news for the American military

A monument stands today remembering the soldiers who died and suffered the harsh winter at Valley Forge, PA.

WOMEN PATRIOTS

• When men when off to fight, women filled those jobs left behind by men

• Many women helped the men after the battles helping the wounded, washing clothes, and cooking

• Betsy Ross sewed flags for Washington’s army

Betsy Ross (from Philadelphia)

Notice the 13 stars on the flag to represent the 13 new U.S. states

Today, the flag has changed to accommodate the 50 U.S. states

AFRICAN AMERICAN PATRIOTS

• Washington allowed Africans to join the army after some indecision

• 5,000 joined the army, 2,000 in navy

• 9 fought at Lexington and Concord

• Some served as drummers, fifers, spies, and guides

James Armistead

Served as a spy for the Americans by joining the British as a volunteer in the army camps

The information he gained helped the Americans win at the Battle of Yorktown

THE BRITISH MOVE SOUTH

• British moved south under the leadership of Sir Henry Clinton because they thought there were more loyalists in the south

• British seized the cities of Savannah, Charleston, and Camden making the strategy look successful at first

Sir Henry Clinton

BUT…

• They burned down people’s homes, farms, and killed civilians (including women and children)

• Many loyalists or regular people who didn’t really care of the war became loyal PATRIOTS!!

DISCUSSION QUESTION #3

• What is your opinion of WHY the British burned down homes and farms and killed innocent civilians.

LEVEL THREE QUESTION: EVALUATE

OUR BRAINS ARE GETTIN’ BIGGER AND BIGGER!

SOON WE WILL REQUIRE RECONSTRUCTIVE

SURGERY TO HOLD ALL OF OUR HUGE THINK-TANKS

General Nathanael Greene used

guerilla tactics to frustrate the British

General Daniel Morgan scored victory at the Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina

AN AMERICAN TRAITOR

• Benedict Arnold joined the British after leaving the American army because he felt he wasn’t being rewarded for his good work

• He commanded British forces to raided towns in New England

• Washington, Jefferson, and others wanted him found and hanged, but he was never captured

TRAITOR!!!!

BENEDICT ARNOLD

CRY BABY!!!

BATTLE AT YORKTOWN

• General Cornwallis decided to retreat to the Yorktown Peninsula because he felt he could get supplies via the sea and the British navy (major mistake)

• The French navy cut off the sea from the British fleet and the military laid siege on the land

• October 19, 1781, the British surrendered and handed over their weapons

• Final major battle of the war, and the Americans had won

TREATY OF PARIS

• Ended the war officially

• The British recognized the U.S.A. as an independent nation

• April 15, 1783, Congress ratified the treaty

WHY THE AMERICANS WON

1. Help from France and Spain

2. Growing American Patriotism

3. Home-field advantage

4. Better military training as the war went on

THE WAR ENDS, AND A NEW NATION IS OFFICIALLY BORN

CAUSE AND EFFECT

THE AMERICAN

REVOLUTION

CAUSES EFFECTS