for it students

8/11/2019 for IT Students

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Architecture of the PC

PC Troubleshooting

And

Networking


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The basic components of a

Microcomputer

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory unit Input device Output device Secondary Storage device


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CPU

Input Device Output Device

Control Unit

Arithmetic Logic

Unit

ROM RAMSecondary Storage

Device

Architecture of the PC


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Basic components of a computer:

MonitorA device with a screen to display instructions and present information.

There are many types of computer monitors, including LCD (liquid crystal display)

and CRT (cathode ray tube).

System Unit/Console- The Central Processing Unit, or CPU resides inside a

box known as the system unit, along with various support devices and tools for

storing information. The system unit case the metal box can be a desktop or a

mini-tower case (see picture).

KeyboardA device with a set of typewriter-like keys that enable you to enter

data into a computer. Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriterkeyboards but contain additional keys.

Mouse- A device that controls the movement of the cursor or pointer on the

screen. A mouse is a small object you can roll along a hard, f lat surface. As you

move the mouse, the pointer on the screen moves in the same direction. Mice

contain at least one button and sometimes as many as three, which have

different functions depending on what program is running. Some newer mice also

include a scroll wheel for scrolling through long documents.

PrinterA device that produces paper copies of your data.


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Identifying the front and back parts of

your computer

Front of your computer:


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Back of your computer:

Identifying the front and back parts of

your computer


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Overview of the System

and Components


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Overview of the System & Components

System Case

case is the metal and plastic boxthat houses the main componentsof the computer.


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Power

Two aspects of power in the PC:

External Power

Power Supply


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External Power

External power refers to the powerthat is delivered to the back of thesystem case.


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Power Supply

Also called apower supply unitorPSU, the component that suppliespower to a computer.
http://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/P/computer.htmlhttp://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/P/computer.html


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Motherboard & System Devices


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Motherboard

The motherboard is the main circuit board of amicrocomputer.

The motherboard contains the connectors forattaching additional boards. Typically, themotherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory,mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports,expansion slots, and all the controllersrequired tocontrol standard peripheral devices, such as thedisplay screen, keyboard, and disk drive.

Collectively, all these chips that reside on themotherboard are known as the motherboard'schipset.
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The main parts of the motherboard

and its related devices: Motherboard:The motherboard is the main circuit

board in the computer where everything comestogether.

System Chipset and Controllers:The chipsetand other motherboard circuitry are the "smarts" ofthe motherboard.

System Buses:The system buses are theelectrical channels through which various parts ofthe computer communicate.

BIOS: The system BIOS (which stands for BasicInput/Output Systemand is pronounced "bye-oss"or "bye-ose") is a computer program that is builtinto the PC's hardware.


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The main parts of the motherboard

and its related devices:

System Resources:System resources are notactual physical devices; they are nothing youcan reach into the machine and touch.

Interrupts (IRQs):As described on how thePC works, a device requests time from theprocessor using these interrupt requests.

Direct Memory Access (DMA)Channels:devices that have the ability to read and writedirectly from the system memory, instead ofasking the processor to do it for them.


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Processor / Microprocessor

is the central component of the PCand It is the brain that runs the showinside the PC.


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System Memory or Mass Storage

is the place where the computerholds current programs and data thatare in use.
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Video Cards

is the component responsible forproducing the visual output from yourcomputer.


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Monitors

is the component that displays thevisual output from your computer asgenerated by the video card.


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Types of Monitor

MONOCROME MONITORS shows inimages in one color, be in green,amber, white, puce, or crimson.

COLOR MONITOR - have a differentcolor display are generally availablefor connecting to PCs.


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Drives

Kinds of Drive in your computersystem: Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) Compact Disk Read Only Memory

Drive (CD-ROM)


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Hard Disk Drives

The hard disk drive in your system isthe "data center" of the PC.


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Parts of the Hard Disk


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Floppy Disk Drives

Is a portable, inexpensive storagemedium that consists of a thin,circular, flexible plastic disk.


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CD-ROM Drives

the Compact Disk - Read Only Memory(CD-ROM) Stores items such as data,instructions, and information Using

microscopic pits (indentations) and land(flat areas) in the middle layer of the disc


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Peripheral I/O

Peripherals are external devices thatyou connect to your PC.

Three main ways that you canconnect peripherals to your machine:

Serial connection

Parallel connection

USB connection


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Serial Communications

A serial connection sends informationover the line one bit at a time.


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Parallel Communications

A parallel connection is faster than aserial one because it sends many bitsin parallel.


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USB Connection

Stands for "Universal Serial Bus." USB can be used to connect a mouse,

keyboard, game controllers, printers,

scanners, digital cameras, andremovable media drives, just to name afew.


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Keyboards

is the main input device for mostcomputers.

It is used to input textual informationto the PC.


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Mouse

are used in graphical environmentsto let users provide simple "point andclick" instructions to the computer.

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