Major Accelerator Facilities for Nuclear Physics in Asia Pacific

Kazuhiro Tanaka Chair of ANPhA and AAPPS-DNP, and

KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

Kazuhiro.tanaka@kek.jp

For INPC2019, July 30, 2019 , Glasgow, UK

Tuesday, July 30, 2019, 13:30 - 13:55 (28699) (Invited) New Facilities and Instrumentation A (Boisdale Room 2)

ANPhA • Asian Nuclear Physics Association ‒ Launched in 2009 ‒ Central organization representing Nuclear Physics in Asia Pacific.

• Eleven membership countries and regions ‒ Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia,

Myanmar, Taiwan, and Vietnam. • Objectives (defined in bylaws for ANPhA)

‒ To strengthen “Collaboration” among Asian nuclear research scientists through the promotion of nuclear physics and its transdisciplinary and applications

– To promote “Education” in Asian nuclear science through mutual exchange and coordination

‒ To coordinate among Asian nuclear scientists by actively utilizing existing research facilities

‒ To discuss future planning of nuclear science facilities and instrumentation in Asia

• ANPhA plays the role of Division of Nuclear Physics of Association of Asia Pacific Physics Societies (AAPPS-DNP).

• Therefore ANPhA is the only body to discuss the current and future prospects of nuclear physics in Asia-Pacific.

ANPhA: Current EXCO Officers • Chair

Kazuhiro Tanaka (2017-2019） (KEK)

• Vice Chairs Weiping Liu (CIAE, China) Tohru Motobayashi (RIKEN, Japan) Anthony Thomas (Univ. of Adelaide, Australia)

• Secretary Hirokazu Tamura (Tohoku Univ)

One of ANPhA’s important business is to prepare “ANPhA White Paper” = Catalog of Accelerator Facilities

• Basic database for the realization of ANPhA purposes. –Collaboration, –Education, –Coordination of utilizing existing research

facilities, –Discussion for future planning.

Town Institute Facility Characteristics Canberra, Australia

Australian National University (ANU), Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility 15MV Tandem accelerator + superconducting Linear

Accelerator

Beijing, China Beijing Tandem Accelerator Nuclear Physics National Laboratory BTANL/BRIF 15 MV tandem accelerator, 100 MeV 20 μA proton

cyclotron, ISOL

Shanghai, China Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source SLEGS 0.4-20 MeV BCS γ-ray source based on Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Jinping, China

China Jinping underground Laboratory (CJPL), JINPING UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS EXPERIMENT (JUNA)

CJPL / JUNA 400 kV accelerator (Ion species of Stable nuclei: H to He), Max. Energy: 400 kV*q, Beam Intensity: up to 2.5 emA

Lanzhou, China Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou HIRFL SSC cyclotron: K=450 and full ion acceleration CSRm booster synchrotron 12.2 Tm

Huizhou, China Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility, Institute of modern Physics HIAF

Heavy-Ion Linac, Booster-ring ~1GeV/u and Ring spectrometer (Phase 1). Compressor ring ~5GeV/u and Enrgy Recovery Linac.

Huizhou, China China Initiative ADS CIADS The 250 MeV and 10mA (maximum beam current) CW mode superconducting proton LINAC

Munbai, India Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research BARC-TIFR 14MV heavy ion tandem + superconducting linac

(PLF: Pelletron LINAC Facility) New Delhi, India Inter-University Accelerator Centre IUAC 15MV heavy ion tandem + superconducting linac

Kolkata, India Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre VECC VECC K130 cyclotron (p,α), K500 Superconducting Cyclotron

Chiba, Japan Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator, National Institute of Radiological Sciences HIMAC

High energy heavy ion beams, up to 800 MeV/u, supplied by linear accelerators and two synchrotron rings.

Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

J-PARC (Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility) J-PARC High Intensity Accelarators, 400MeV LINAC, 3GeV

RCS, 50GeV MR

Osaka, Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University RCNP/LEPS

Cyclotron complex (K140 AVF + K400 Ring) Laser-electron back-scattered photon facility at SPring-8 site, 2.4 and 2.9 GeV.

SPring-8 site, Hyogo, Japan

Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry NewSUBARU Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-ray Beam Source

(1 - 76 MeV) Wako, Saitama, Japan

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RI Beam Factory RIBF Heavy Ion Linac and several big Ring Cycrotrons (Max

K=2500MeV), Big Rips Projectile Isotope Separator

Fukuoka, Japan Kyushu University, Center for Accelerator and Beam Applied Science FFAG synchrotron and tandem acceleror

Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tandem Accelerator Facility 20MV tandem accelerator and superconducting linac

booster. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

University of Tsukuba, Tandem Accelerator Complex UTTAC 6 MV tandem accelerator / 1 MV Tandetron accelerator

Sendai, Japan Tohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center CYRIC K110 and K12 cycrotrons

Sendai, Japan Research Center for Electron-Photon Science, Tohoku University ELPH

60 MeV High Intensity ELECTRON Linac, 1.3 GeV Booster Electron Synchrotron for GeV tagged photon beams

Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex KOMAC 100 MeV and 20 MeV Proton linac

Seoul, Korea Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), The Accelerator Laboratory KIST 2MeV and 6 MV tandetron accelerators

Seoul, Korea Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRMAS)

KIRAMS AVF cyclotron for 50MeV protons

Jeollabuk-do, Korea Advanced Radiation Technology Institute 15-30 MeV 500microA Proton Cycrotron

Daejeon, Korea Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)

RAON Superconducting Driver Linac (proton: 600MeV, 660 microA, HI: 200MeV/u), Superconducting Post Linac (HI: 18.5 Mev/u), Cyclotron: (proton 70 MeV, 1mA)

Hsinchu, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nuclear Science (INS) National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) INS / NTHU 3MV Van de Graaff (KN) Accelerator, 3MV Tandem

accelerator (NEC 9SDH-2), open air 500kV accelerator

Hanoi, Vietnam Tandem machine at Hanoi University of Natural Science 1.7MV Tandem Pelletron,

Hanoi, Vietnam Military Central Hospital 108 30 MeV 300 microA proton cyclotron

Town Institute Facility Characteristics

Beams Asi a Eur ope Amer i ca Comment s

J-PARC+Hdex

HI RFL+HI AF

Spr i ng8 ( LEPS）

ELPH

BES-I I I

Bel l e-I I

RI BF+upgr ade

HI RFLHI AF

Bot h RI SP( RAON)

Super I SOL Bei j i ng-I SOL EURI SOL -- FRI B upgr ade f or US?

( Hi gh Resol ut i on)Pol pr ot on RCNP RC KVI Texas A&M i Themba ( Sout h Af r i ca)

Accel er at or s f or Nucl ear Physi cs i n t he Wor l d

Mi ss i ng As i an?J-PARC-HI or HI AF f ordense mat t er ?

LHC( ALI CE)FAI R( SI S300)NI CA

eRHI CeI C

Hot QCD A+A -- RHI C

Col d QCD

hadr on FAI R( SI S100) --

JLAB-12GeV

Mi ss i ng Amer i can?

Many bodyPr obl em( RI Beam)

PF GSI /FAI R

1+many

col l i derNI CALHCb

mar u

FRI B

Good compet i t i ons ! !

I SOL ARI EL-I I

γ , e- MAMI

SPI RAL2SPESHI E-I SOLDEMYRRHA

BRI F-I IRI B-ANURI BHI AF+CI ADS

Major Accelerators for NP in the World

Major Accelerator Facilities in Asia Pacific for RIB experiments and/or Hadron experiments

• China – HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou）

-> HIAF (High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility) – BTANL (Beijing Tandem Accelerator National Laboratory)

-> BRIF (Beijing Rare Ion Facility) – Beijing ISOL

• Korea – RAON (Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line

experiments) in RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project)

• Japan – RIBF (Radioactive Ion Beam Facility) -> 30 times intensity

upgrade – J-PARC (Japan proton Accelerator Research Complex) -> Hd-EX (Hadron Hall Extension）

AAPPS Division Meeting

HIRFL

Strategy for Large Scale Facilities in China

+CiADS

BRIF (Beijing Rare Ion Facility)

2018-2024?

HIAF

2014-2018

CSRe

SFC (K=69) 10 AMeV (H.I.), 17~35 MeV (p) Operated in 1963

SSC (K=450) 100 AMeV (H.I.), 110 MeV (p) Operated in 1988

1000 AMeV (H.I.), ≤ 2.8 GeV (p) Circumference: 160 m Operated in 2005

RIBLL1 RIBs at tens of AMeV Operated in 1997 RIBLL2

RIBs at hundreds of AMeV

Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL)

CSR(Cooling Storage Ring)

Clinical trial for Skin-tumor therapy started in 2006

Clinical trial for deep-seated tumor therapy started in 2009

BRIF project progress 20Na (~20K pps) from Tandem in BRIF in Jan. 2018

CiADS as a driver of HIAF

15

/5

HIAF and CiADS constructed in Huizhou • Heavy ion facility HIAF granted

with feasibility permit by national commission.

• ADS transmutation facility CiADS granted with feasibility permit by national commission.

• HIAF and CiADS facility feasibility reports were approved by Ministry of national development on Jan. 29, 2018, which means the funding of two projects is settled. Both will have ground breaking at the end of 2018.

HIAF

CiADS and HIAF can be connected, with former as a driver.

16:45 - 17:00 Status of The New Generation Facility HIAF Guoqing Xiao – Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, China

Beijing ISOL Facility 500M$ 2018-2028, CIAE & PKU

December 5, 2016 AAPPS Division Meeting 18

Status of RAON (Korea)

19

IF Syste

m BIS

μSR

HPMMS/

CLS SCL2

ISOL System

LAMPS

Cyclotron

SCL3

SCL1

ECR IS

KOBRA

NDPS

Control Center

Utility

HRS

SCL1 has been decided to be pended : SCL3 is going to be taking a role of SCL1 in the early operation

RAON Layout : RI & Experimental System

20

Ultra-low Energy Exp. Bldg

High Energy

Exp. Bldg

CLS HPMMS Neutron Facility

KOBRA

Bio-medical facility

µSR

LAMPS

ISOL

IF

Low Energy Exp. Bldg

21

Summary & Outlook

Accelerator • Mass production for SCL3 is under way • SCL2 is under pre-production phase • From April, 2019, installation for SCL will start from SCL3 • Test facility for cavities and cryomodules will operate from next Jan.

By the end of 2021, we will achieve • SI beams: Stable ion beams (16O, 40Ar) from ECRIS SCL3 low E exp hall • RI beams: RIBs extraction from ISOL re-acceleration through SLC3 low E exp hall • Stable / RI beams will be delivered to low-E experimental hall • Early phase experiments are going to be performed using KOBRA (with low intense RI

beams) RIBs production at KOBRA (A<~50, beam energy < 20 MeV/u) using SI beams from

SCL3 • Beam commissioning starts for SCL2 • Installation and commissioning for IF, LAMPS, Neutron, bio-medical and muSR

Collaborative works with RUA (RAON Users Association) via RULC (RAON Users Liason Center)

Post RISP (2021 ~ ) • Beam acceleration for ISOL SCL3 SCL2 IF (ISOL+IF) • Beam commissioning and experiments for IF, LAMPS, Neutron, bio-medical and muSR • Ramping-up to get the 400kW beams (more 5 yrs) • Energy upgrade to 400MeV/u (require budget)

22

2011 ~ 2012 ~ 2017.9 ~ 2019.4 ~ 2020.12

Conceptual design Prototype & Test Manufacturing Installation & Commissioning

2021.1~

Operation

KoBRA (KOrea Broad acceptance Recoil spectrometer and Apparatus)

Stage 1

• A first part of stage1 (stage1 part1) has been contracted with foreign and domestic companies in April 2018, and production is ongoing.

• The present design of second part of stage1 (stage1 part2) was finally decided among the various design options in June 2018 by consultation with domestic potential users, and is scheduled to bid in August 2018.

• Stage1 will be installed in Low Energy Experimental room (E1) until the end of June 2020.

• The commissioning of Stage1 will be started from beginning of 2021 with stable ion beam.

PPAC - We have 2 10 x 10 cm2, 2 20 x 20 cm2, 1 40 x 20 cm2 active area PPACs - 4 10 x 10 cm2 and 1 40 x 20 cm2 PPACs will be produced

SSD - We have 2 5 x 5 cm2 active area, 50 µm thick, 16 channel SSD - Energy resolution ~ 0.7%, S/N ~ 272 for 5.486 MeV α inside vacuum

Plastic scintillator detector - We have 2 10 x 10 cm2 active area, 100 µm thick both side readout plastic detector - Time resolution < 42 ps for 5.486 MeV α inside vacuum

23

Large Scale Accelerator Facilities in Japan

J-PARC (KEK) Hadron/nuclear physics w/hadron beams -> Hadron Hall extension Fundamental Physics/Particle physics with muons -> mu-e conversion (COMET), g-2

RIBF (RIKEN) Expand neutron-rich heavy element productions to transuranium Production of superheavy Z=119 and beyond -> RIBF upgrade for intensity x10

High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions (LHC, RHIC, eIC, J-PARC-HI) QGP properties, QCD phase diagram, High density matter -> ALICE upgrade, sPHENIX/STAR upgrade, eIC, and J-PARC-HI. Accelerator Driven System for Fission Fragments (RIKEN+ ).

Big Projects of Nuclear Physics Experiments in Japan Endorsed by Japanese Nuclear Physics Executive Committee

for Call for Big Projects by SCJ, 2020

(construction)

(construction)

(R&D)

RIKEN RIBF (RI Beam Factory) -- cyclotron cascade for heavy ion beam acceleration

RIKEN RIBF

experimental equipment

345 MeV/nucleon up to U (2006-)

135 MeV/nucleon for light nuclei (1986-)

RILACII RRC fRC IRC SRC

Launched in 2007

RILAC Upgrade for SHE production

2019~ E： 6.5 MeV/u for M/q = 5

7.5 MeV/u for M/q = 4 12 MeV/u for M/q = 2

~16 MV

Intense metallic ion beams to RRC

28 GHz SC-ECRIS

SHE

RI

>18 MV

Energy (5→6.5 MeV/u) + intensity (×5) upgrade for super heavy element synthesis

and RI production

beam

RILAC

3 cryomodules 10 SC-QWRs

RIBF Upgrade Plan

RRC fRC IRC SRC

RILAC2

ST ST U86+ U64+ U35+

×1/4

Current

BigRIPS

×1/5

renew fRC ext.

U86+ U64+ U35+

×1/1.3 ×1/1.6 ×10

higher RF vol.

BigRIPS upgrade a new beam dump

~2 pμA

Charge Stripper Ring Upgrade Plan

Graphene foil

U64+

U86+

・Accumulate ion beams with different charges synchronously until the beam reaches the target charge state → ions in the target charge state are extracted and transferred to the next stage

Dipole magnets

Quadrupole magnets

RF cavity

Inject U64+

H. Imao et al、21st International Conference on Cyclotron(2016)

Charge Stripper Ring (CSR)

Beam intensity after RIBF upgrade

Year

pnA

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

FRIB

Upgrade term

238U 345 MeV/u 2 pμA

~100 M$/ 5years

ＭＬＦ

Ｈａｄｒｏｎ Ｈａｌｌ for Counter Experiments

with ~150kW SX

ν to

SK

3GeV333µA RCS

400M

eVＬ

ＩＮＡ

Ｃ

Bird’s eye photo in

J-PARC Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

Kaonic nucleus Kaonic atom

Ｘray

Ｋ−

Implantation of Kaon and the nuclear shrinkage

K-meson

High Density Nuclear Matter, Nucelar Force

Nuclear, Hadron, & Particle Physics at Hadron Hall

K1.8

KL

SKS

K1.8BR K1.1

COMET Beam line

T-Viola tion

Free quarks Bound quarks

Why are bound quarks heavier？

Quark

Mass without Mass Puzzle

Origin of Mass

d

u u

d

s

Pentaquark Θ+

ΛΛHe 6

Confinement

e-

µ-e conversion

Λ,Ξ N Z Λ, Σ Hypernuclei

ΛΛ, Ξ Hypernuclei

Str

ange

ness

0

Hypernuclei

-1

-2

High Density Nuclear Matter, Nucelar Force

CP-Violation

K0 → π0 νν L

• < 2.0 GeV/c • ~106 K-/spill

• < 1.1 GeV/c • ~105 K-/spill

• < 1.2 GeV/c • ~106 K-/spill

• <10 GeV/c separated pion, kaon, pbar

• ~107/spill K-

• 5 deg extraction • ~5.2 GeV/c K0

• Good n/K

• < 2.0 GeV/c • 1.8x108 pion/spill • x10 better ∆p/p

105 m

High precision Λ hypernuclear spectroscopy

γ-ray spectroscopy weak decays

ΛN ΣN scattering

S= -1 Systems

K0 rare decays

charm/strange hadrons

~200 M$/ for construction Hadron mass in nuclei Hadron spectroscopy

• 30 GeV proton • <31 GeV/c unseparated

2ndary beams (mostly pions), ~107/spill

µ->e conversion

S= -1, -2 Nuclear Systems Λ hypernuclei, ΛΛ, Ξ hypernuclei

Σｐ scattering, K-nucleus,..

Present J-PARC Hadron Hall

K0 rare decays

• < 2.0 GeV/c • ~106 K-/spill

• < 1.1 GeV/c • ~105 K-/spill

• < 1.2 GeV/c • ~106 K-/spill

• <10 GeV/c separated pion, kaon, pbar

• ~107/spill K-

• 5 deg extraction • ~5.2 GeV/c K0

• Good n/K

• < 2.0 GeV/c • 1.8x108 pion/spill • x10 better ∆p/p

105 m

High precision Λ hypernuclear spectroscopy

γ-ray spectroscopy weak decays

ΛN ΣN scattering

S= -1 Systems

K0 rare decays

Charm/strange hadrons

~200 M$/ for construction Hadron mass in nuclei Hadron spectroscopy

• 30 GeV proton • <31 GeV/c unseparated

2ndary beams (mostly pions), ~107/spill

µ->e conversion

Extension Plans of J-PARC Hadron Hall

ΛΛ, Ξ hypernuclei H dibaryon

S= -2 Systems

かく

Strangeness Nuclear Physics in J-PARC Structure of NS ➡ New Era of Material Understanding

NS: Neutron Star Biggest Nucｌeus in COSMOS

Remnant of Supernova Mass：1~2 SM, Radius：~10 km,

→ Highest density matter in space

Nuclear force between two strange particle

will be measured. → Internal structure of NS

Matter consists of u,d-quarks and electron

Present COSMOS

New matter consists of u,d,s-quaks and

electron

New COSMOS

We studied Λ hypernucei （No. of s-quark=1） at KEK-PS and J-PARC and lead the world!

For Strange matter study, two strange particles must be implanted in a nucleus

->100 times higher intense beam is necessary!

Can stable Strange matter exist?

Internal Structure is still unknown

Only possible at J-PARC!

Nuclei with 2 s-quarks Micro Neutron Star in our Laboratory

u -quark

n P

D-quark

Nucleus

Atom

e Λ Ξ

d u

s

Strange matter? p

n

s u Matter including s-quark

S quark

ΛΛhypernuclei Ξhypernuclei

Ξ

Gravitational wave emission seen together with electromagnetic signals

Time evolution determined by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei (science drive of facilities with RIB)

This depends on the Equation of State (EOS) of Nuclear Matter including strangeness (Hyper Nuclear Matter!).

Neutron star mass

Angela Bracco

http://www.cfca.nao.ac.jp/pr/20171016 Days after GW170817

SUBARU Telescope

appa

rent

mag

nitu

de

Simulation Results on GW170817

SUBARU telescope at Mauna Kea (4208m)

Summary • Present status and future perspectives of Major Accelerator

Facilities for Nuclear Physics in Asia Pacific are briefly reviewed. • Now Asian accelerator facilities have become the world class

facilities. • RIBF and HIRFL are world competitive facilities of RIB. • Near future, upgraded RIBF and new HIAF will be the world

leading facilities. • Now RI beam facility is changing/expanding from projectile

fragmentation (PF) facility to ISOL type facility. • RAON in Korea will be the first RIB facility with both ISOL and PF. • Combining HIAF with CiADS will be the new type of RIB, i.e.

combination of Sub-critical reactor and ISOL, and PF facility. Is MYRRHA also?

• Beijing ISOL will be a combination of the real reactor and ISOL, too.

38

Summary (Continued) • It becomes clear that entire knowledge of Nuclear Physics is

necessary to understand what is going on inside the most spectacular event in our Universe, i.e. Neutron Star Mergers.

• We need more precise knowledge of beta decays (mass of nuclei!) around neutron drip line.

• EOS of merging neutron stars must be the EOS of hypernuclear matter, since 3ρ0 world naturally contains strangeness.

• Nuclear Physics is now stepping into the new horizon of the unification. There is no border between Hypernuclear physics, Hadron physics, and traditional Heavy-ion physics, each other.

• Therefore preparation plan of Nuclear physics facilities in Asia pacific should cover the wider region of Nuclear Physics.

• I’m afraid if too much concentration to RIB facilities may be happening in Asia Pacific. Facilities for hadron beams, electron beams and high energy heavy-ion colliders must be considered seriously.

• Completion of facility does not mean the success of physics. Then collaborative works of world wide nuclear physicists at world wide facilities are a key for the future fruitful outputs of good physics.

39

Thank you for your attention and see you soon in Sarawak!

Gunung Gading National Park 1.5 hours Bus ride from Kuching

Semenggoh Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre

http://appc2019.ifm.org.my/

Malaysian Borneo

<-KL

ANPhA, as a DNP of AAPPS, organizes nuclear physics sessions of APPC2019.