foothill technology high school - art & design: gestalt theory
TRANSCRIPT
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Gestalt Theoryvisual perception
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Using Gestalt to Create Unity• The Gestalt theory of
visual psychology:• The viewer tends to group
objects that are close to each other.• In the image, the first
impression is not random squares, but two groups of smaller elements.
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Gestalt Theory cont.• Negative (or empty
space) will likewise be organized.
• In the image, the elements are seen as two groups. With the groups ending on two common boundaries, the white empty space is as strong as the rectangles.
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Gestalt Theory 3• Our brain will tend
to relate and group objects of a a similar shape.
• In the image, a cross or plus sign is obvious rather than an allover pattern of small shapes.
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Gestalt 4• In the image, the
pattern is not merely circles.
• We visually close the spaces between similar ones to create a design of lines. In this case the lines form an M.
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Ways to Create Unity
• Proximity: make separate elements look as if they belong together.
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Achieving Unity 2• Repetition:
repeat something in various parts of the design to relate the parts to each other.
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Achieving Unity 3• Continuation:
Continuation means that something “continues”- usually a line, an edge, or a direction from one form to another. This allows the viewers eye to move from one object to another.
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Achieving Unity 4• Continuity: The
planned arrangement of various forms so that the edges are lined up.
• Continuity is achieved when there is a visual relationship between two or more designs.
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Examples of Continuity
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Unity with Variety• The image has
complete unity. All the images are the same size, creating a very boring design.
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Unity With Variety• Here, there is the
same division of space, but the pattern is not as dull.
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Unity With Variety• The original
checkerboard is almost completely removed, but the underlying element of unity is still present. This design is filled with variety, but keeps unity.
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Emphasis• How to catch a viewers attention?• How to provide a pattern that attracts the eye?• Nothing will guarantee the above, but a device
that will help is a point of emphasis or focal point.
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Ways to Achieve Emphasis• Break the pattern to create a focal point.• A change in color or brightness can immediately
attract attention
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Ways to Achieve Emphasis
• Emphasis by placement.
• If many elements point to one item, our attention is directed there, and a focal point is created
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Absence of Focal Point
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Absence of Focal Point• With the absence of a focal point:• Artists emphasizes the entire surface over any
individual element.
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Ways to create Emphasis• Contrast a shape
with its surroundings.
• Create a contrast of temperature
• Use a darker or lighter value
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Ways to create Emphasis• Focus attention
with converging lines
• Increase an object’s intensity of color
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• Cow’s Skull: Red, White, and Blue Georgia O’Keefe
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Scale/Proportion• Scale is another term for size.• Large scale, small scale• What is big? Need a point of reference.• Proportion refers to relative size, measured
against other elements, against a standard.
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• Proportion seems off because of scale of house to man…reference points.
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Balance
• Balance is the distribution of visual weight within a composition.
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Symmetrical Balance• Like shapes are repeated in the same position on
either side of a vertical axis
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Asymmetrical Balance• With asymmetrical balance, balance is achieved
with dissimilar objects that have equal weight or equal eye attraction.
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Radial Balance• All the elements of the composition radiate or
circle out from a common central point.
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Rhythm
• In writing and poetry, words can establish a cadence, a repetitive flow of syllables.
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Progressive Rhythm
• Progressive rhythm involves repetition of a shape that changes with a regular manner.
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Alternating Rhythm• Successive
patterns where the same elements reappear in a regular order.