foods from genetically modified organisms
DESCRIPTION
FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS. Wilna Jansen v Rijssen Food Control Department of Health [email protected]. FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS. Department of Health www.gov.za/department/health Cluster: Pharmaceutical: Policy and Planning Food Control. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
Wilna Jansen v RijssenFood Control
Department of Health
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FOODS FROM GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
Department of Health
www.gov.za/department/health
Cluster: Pharmaceutical: Policy and PlanningFood Control
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LEGISLATION
Genetically Modified Organisms Act, 1997 (Act
15 of 1997)
Genetically modified organisms
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GMO ACT
Department of Agriculture Executive Council for GMOs
DoA, DACST, DEAT, DoH, Do, DTI
Advisory Committee - experts
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FOOD FROM GMO
GMO – maize kernels Not a GMO but obtained from GMO
and containing GM-material– maize meal
Not a GMO but obtained from GMO and not containing GMO material – glucose
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LEGISLATION
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Food industry (processed foods)
Consumers
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LEGISLATION
Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act
54 of 1972)
Food safety
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FCD ACT
Department of HealthDirectorate: Food Control
Group: GMO food 4 professionals
5 Masters degrees (Biotechnology/Microbiology/
Plantbiochemistry/Toxicology and Nutrition)
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FCD ACT
Group: GMO food
Confidentiality clearance
Ethical Boards Pharmacy Council SA Council for Natural
Scientific Professions
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FCD ACT
Roles, Functions and responsibilities of Group GMO food
GMO - Food SafetyGMO – Food LabellingGMO –Food Communicate
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FCD ACT/GMO ACT
FOOD SAFETYRoles, Functions and responsibilities of Group GMO food
Verify compliance of applications with SA legislation and policies, international standards and guidelines
Risk assessments Write reports Advise the Director: Food Control
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FCD ACT / GMO ACT
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FOOD SAFETY
Authorities
Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO)
Organization for Economic and Social Development ( OECD ) 22+ countries
International Life Sciences (ILSI)
Others
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FOOD SAFETY
Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO)
International Food Safety Standards and Guidelines based on science
Facilitate trade
World Trade Organization
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
General Principles for the Risk Analysis of Foods derived from Modern Biotechnology
Guidelines for the conduct of safety assessment of foods derived from recombinant-DNA plants
Micro-0rganisms (in preparation) ( fish)
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FOOD SAFETY
FCD Act Policy Guidelines for toxicological
assessments OECD Guidelines for tests Chemicals (pesticides) Microbial pest control agents Botanical pest control agents (prep)
GMO-foods based on CODEX (new)
website
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
RISK ANALYSIS Risk Assessment
Risk Management Risk Communication
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
RISK = HAZARD X EXPOSURE
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GMO – SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Case – by – case Expressed substances (non-nucleic
acid substances) Compositional analysis of key
components Evaluation of metabolites Food processing Nutritional modification others
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GMO RISK MANAGEMENT
Legislation Policies Executive Council for GMO Implementation
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GMO RISK MANAGEMENT
Policies - DOH Codex Alimentarius standards and guidelines Departmental Guidelines for
chemicals/pesticides Full assessments of GMO and products Full assessment of GMOs for food and for feed Antibiotic resistant genes – phased out
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CODEX Q&A
What overarching scientific principles should be applied to the safety and nutritional assessment?
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CODEX Q&A
Substantial equivalence? … Concept not a method Well established component of
Risk Assessment No alternative strategies to
provide a better assurance.
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CODEX Q&A
Long-term effects? Pre-marketing safety assessment and
methodology used are adequate to detect and evaluate any possible long-term effects.
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CODEX Q&A
Potential allergenicity? Assessment of potential
allergenicity to be conducted in all cases
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CODEX Q&A
Risks arising from the use of antibiotic resistance marker genes in plants and micro-org?
Subject to standard safety assessment as for any other introduced gene product
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Gene transfer from plants and their food products to gut organisms or human cells only a rare possibility
Alternative transformation technologies encouraged
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FAO DIRECTOR-GENERAL: Dr Jacques Diouf, Manilla, 7
December 1999
“We have no problem with GMOs as long as they are proven to be safe to human beings and have no negative impact on the environment”
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EUROPEAN UNION9 OCTOBER 2001
81 research projects financed by the EU over the last 15 years, at a cost of $64 million on GM crops and products made from. Research has not found “any new risks to human health or the environment beyond the usual uncertainties of conventional plant breeding”
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EUROPEAN UNION9 OCTOBER 2001
Research has not found “any new risks to human health or the environment beyond the usual uncertainties of conventional plant breeding”
“Indeed, the use of more precise technology and greater regulatory scrutiny probably make them even safer than conventional plants and food”
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COMMUNICATION:FCD ACT
LABELLING REGULATIONS A label not a warning but only a
method to convey information and to provide a choice.
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CONSULTATIONS Total 35
Port Folio: 3 Interviews: radio, TV, journals,
telephone, others Conferences: 4 Groups: 9 Workshop#1 (71 representatives) Workshops#2 #3 #4
(food industry) Workshop: comments
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CONSULTATIONS
FOOD LEGISLATION ADVISORY GROUP
5 MEETING
FLAG sub committee
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS
Framework Codex Definitions
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DRAFT LABELLING REGULATIONS
Mandate from the Minister
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DRAFT LABELLING REGULATIONS
Mandatory – nutritional and natural toxin changes / allergens / genes from animals or humans
Voluntary – Improved / enhanced characteristics
Voluntary – Non-genetically modified
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FOOD FROM GMO
GMO – maize kernels Not a GMO but obtained from GMO
and containing GM-genetic material – maize meal
Not a GMO but obtained from GMO and not containing GMO material – glucose
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUSLABELLING
PRINCIPLES“ No food should be described or presented in a manner that is false, misleading or deceptive or is likely to create an erroneous impression regarding its character in any respect”.Must substantiate a claim
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUSLABELLING
PROHIBITED CLAIMSare e.g. those that
cannot be substantiatedcould give rise to doubt about the
safety, orexploit fear in the consumer.
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SA Labelling Regulation
MISLEADING Analytical Methods are NOT
RELIABLE Few Methods validated No statistically acceptable
sampling methods Paper trailing not reliable
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LABELLING
COST Verification expensive 30 000 products of soybeans and
maize only Increase in price with 8 to 18%
(Australia)
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SA LABELLING Regulation
CHOICEPRICESmall percentage consumers read the detail on labels
Choice could decrease with increasing production /manufacturing of GM-food
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SA LABELLING Regulation
NON –GM Food Identity preservation system (Segregation) Export channel
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SA LABELLING Regulation
Recommendations SABS Code of Practice: IPS Guidelines