BIOFUEL, AGRICULTURE CROPS, CDM AND FOOD SECURITY: AN EMPIRICAL CASE STUDY IN HARYANA

Vagish Sharma

Copyright: Vagish Sharma

Energy and Human Civilization

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Copyright: Vagish Sharma

Perspective of Biofuel in India

National Biodiesel Mission: Target to meet 20% of

country’s diesel demand by 2011-12

Govt. policy is directed to non-edible oil crops [Priority: Jatropha. sp.]

4,00000 ha of land under pilot project

Establishment of 80,000 ton/year capacity transeterification plant

Projected production rate: 3.75 tons oilseed/Ha 1.2 ton biodiesel/ha/Year 38 Mha of wasteland

required for 20% blending by 2030 with yield of 5 tons/ha

Copyright: Vagish Sharma

Biofuel in India: Demand and Application

Application Areas of BiodieselSeveral Decentralized Energy Units

Diesel Gensets, Small Scale/Home Industries

Transportation System

Mechanized Agricultural Sector

Irrigation Pumps, Agricultural Machinery such as Tractors, Power Tillers, Threshers etc. (Self-sufficiency for the Farmer

Jatropha Curcas can be manufactured at under Rs. 21/litre ($0.47/litre at an exchange rate of Rs 45/$). Current production cost of petrol and diesel from crude is $0.46/litre

Food vs. Fuel Myth: Growing demand for biofuels has taken land out of food production, causing a decrease in the food

supply, causing a worldwide food crisis

Unproductive land/degrading/degraded/waste lands The type of corn being used for ethanol production is

not destined for human consumption

INDIAN CONTEXTNon-edible CropsMinimum efforts to growSoil reclamation capacityPeriodic cycling of unfertile land to agriculture landConducive policies of state Provision for value addition Clean Development mechanism [CDM]

Paradigm Shift in Energy Economy

• India ranks sixth in the world in terms of energy demand, accounting for 3.5 per cent of the world commercial energy demand

• India’s domestic production of crude oil currently satisfies only about 25 per cent of this consumption

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CDM and Biofuel in Haryana

• Biofuel crop plantation [Afforestation/Reforestation]• Biofuel Production [Oil extraction/production]-ACM0017.EB.50

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1 tree = 1 year’s vehicle emissions

Trees are a Carbon sink

Copyright: Vagish Sharma

How Does the CDM Work?

Industrialised Country

Investment $

Development Country

Certified Emission Reductions Climate Change Mitigation Projects

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Haryana Case• Registration of the first AR-CDM Project from India• Title: Small Scale Cooperative Afforestation CDM Pilot Project Activity on Private

Lands Affected by Shifting Sand Dunes in Sirsa, Haryana• Methodology: AR-AMS0001 ver. 4• Emission Reduction: 11596/Annum [Average]

Project Location: Western belt of Haryana at the north-eastern fringe of the Indian Thar Desert. The

project area is affected by aeolian (wind blown) sand, and is the degraded part of croplands spread across these eight villages, comprising of 369.5 ha

Plants:Jatropha curcas and Pongomia Sp. along with Eucalyptus hybrid, Acacia nilotica,

Dalbergia sissoo, Zizyphus mauritiana, Prosopis cineraria

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Expected Outcome

• Soil fertility enhancement : • Jatropha and Pongomia are suitable for preventing soil erosion.• Due to mycorrhizal value in Jatropha roots it helps in getting phosphate from soil

boon for acid soil and improves the soil fertility throughout their life cycle.• The soil sample collected after and before commencing the project activity depicted

a positive correlation and could be inferred that the project activity has been improving the soil fertility as well as increasing the water holding capacity in comparison to the pre-project activity.

• Poverty Alleviation:• The average monthly per capita income of very poor households increased from Rs.

572 to Rs. 864. This proportionate increase was 51%. While average monthly per capita income of poor households increased from Rs. 1221 to Rs. 1628 and the increase was 33%.

• The overall impact on per capita income was also positive. It increased from Rs. 1221 to Rs. 1628 and overall percentage increase was 33%. The results revealed highly significant impact of project on per capita income.

• Regression analysis of change in consumption against change in income showed that consumption is a function of income. Change in income will lead to change in consumption. Co-efficient of change in income is positive and reveals that one rupee increase in income will increase consumption by 0.14 rupees.

Copyright: Vagish Sharma

Correlation Analysis Value Type

Correlation 0.859 Strongly positive

Change in income vs change in expenditure

0.7024 Positive

Regression analysis of change in consumption against Income

Regression analysis of change in income against Project Activity

Copyright: Vagish Sharma

CDM Revenue and co-benefits  

 Net Anthrpogenic GHG removals 

Ti yearTotal project Carbon (tC)

total carbon change (tC/yr)

Actual CO2 (t/yr)

baseline net GHG removal (tCO2 e/yr)

Emissions (t CO2 e/yr)

leakage (t CO2/yr)

net anthropogenic GHG removals (t CO2 /yr)

total number of tCERs

0 2007 286.4 0.0 0 0 0 0 0  1 2008 779.0 492.6 1806 48 0 0 1758  2 2009 1277.1 498.2 1827 48 0 0 1778  3 2010 1775.3 498.2 1827 48 0 0 1778  4 2011 2273.5 498.2 1827 48 0 0 1778  5 2012 2771.6 498.2 1827 48 0 0 1778 8,8706 2013 5350.1 2578.4 9454 48 0 0 9406  7 2014 7928.5 2578.4 9454 48 0 0 9406  8 2015 10507.0 2578.4 9454 48 0 0 9406  9 2016 13085.4 2578.4 9454 48 0 0 9406  10 2017 15663.9 2578.4 9454 48 0 0 9406 55,89911 2018 11270.2 -4393.7 -16110 48 0 0 -16159  12 2019 14241.6 2971.4 10895 48 0 0 10847  13 2020 17213.0 2971.4 10895 48 0 0 10847  14 2021 20184.4 2971.4 10895 48 0 0 10847  15 2022 23155.8 2971.4 10895 48 0 0 10847 83,12816 2023 31279.1 8123.3 29785 48 0 0 29737  17 2024 39402.4 8123.3 29785 48 0 0 29737  18 2025 47525.7 8123.3 29785 48 0 0 29737  19 2026 55648.9 8123.3 29785 48 0 0 29737  20 2027 63772.2 8123.3 29785 48 0 0 29737 231,812  total     232781       231812 379,709

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Net Anthropogenic GHG Removals

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Summary

• Reduced emission of pollutants• Increased employment• Improved social well-being• Energy security and decreased dependence on oil

imports• Increased nutrients to the soil and decreased soil

erosion

Copyright: Vagish Sharma

Conclusion

There is no conflict between biofuel crops, agriculture and food

security.

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Copyright: Vagish Sharma

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