food interaction: a reclaimed packinghouse + food culture exchange
DESCRIPTION
Thesis Book made in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor Degree in Architecture, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. 2012TRANSCRIPT
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FOOD INTER[ACTION]KATHERINE SCHWINGEL
+a reclaimed industrial yard food culture exchange
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Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the author.
Made in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture.
California Polytechnic State University,San Luis Obispo.
Designed and written by Katherine Schwingel.Printed in the United States.
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to those who have listenedand discussed this project with me
across multiple tables,over meals and piles of trace
to my parentsfor 22 years of
tireless love and support
to stephaniefor the late night phone calls
and your unwavering friendship
to lisa, madi, and taofor computer bailouts during crunch time
and your unwavering friendship
to christinefor moral support
and roommate rants about everything
i thank you
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04
02
TABL
E OF
CON
TENT
S01
03
05
06
the program &the purpose
the people &the place
case studies
design development
sources
food culture suburban growth
+
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01food culture
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“ we forget that people have eaten for a great many reasons other than biological necessity.
food is also about pleasure, about community, about family and spirituality, about our relationship to the natural world, and about expressing our identity.
michael pollan in defense of food
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Around food, we gather and communicate.
In modern society, this statement conjures images of friends eating at a restaurant or a family sitting around the home dining table. However, our appetites have shaped our environments since the Neolithic period. Nomadic hunter-gatherer groups created permanent settlements once land was utilized for farming. The knowledge of dependable food sources within close proximity allowed other trades to flourish, and urban centers then continued to grow. Cities and their food systems were traditionally spatially interwoven; however, industrialization pushed agriculture to the outskirts as factories and technological industries grew in the city centers. The physical separation of the city’s population from the land that sustained them established the modern man’s psychological relationship with food production and consumption. The lack of exposure to food systems substantially disconnects us from the effort it takes to create food - the producer and the consumer are now two separate entities, sometimes thousands of miles away from each other. Children are now accustomed to thinking food comes from the grocery store, but this can all change with a reintegration of our food systems into the fabric of our cities.
like the table itself, food stages events, congregating and segregating people, and food becomes an architecture that inhabits the body.
“
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Photograph by Laura Letinsky, Berlin, 2001
Currently, food spaces in our cities solely promote consumption, but this will not sustain communities over time. This project strives to use the community food system concept to promote all processes that encompass the meal - growing, harvesting, cooking, eating, and composting. Engagement and education concerning this perpetual relationship we have and always will have with food drives this proposal. Despite being site-specific in this instance, the integration of food processes in one place, housed by an architectural intervention that supports these activities, may be utilized as a place making device for communities to celebrate local food culture and revitalize their economic and social framework.
pierre bourdieuhabitus of everyday life
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12 cheap energy sourcesallow for easy transport
one family’s plot
grew diverse crops
to feed themselves
and their neighbors
at the turn of the 19th century, the average American farmer could feed
6 to 8 people
PRE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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POST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
that same plot
may grow one crop
to create biofuel
feed for animals
& the base ingredients
for well preserved food
on supermarket shelves
now the average American farmer can feed
126 people
food, inc.
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“we’re all looking for someone else to cook for us.“the next American cook is going to be the supermarket...all we need now is the drive-through supermarket.
harry balzer
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1892
1955
1939
1880s
1872
HORSE DRAWNLUNCH WAGON
LUNCHEONETTE
AUTOMAT
DINING CAR
DINER
FAST FOOD CHAIN
FOOD TRUCK
the convenience of consumption
has surpassed any want of knowledge
of our food’s origins.
but this can be changed.
2010
FAST FOOD THROUGH T IME
1924
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THE SURGE IN U.S. FARMERS MARKETS
1001974
1,755
there were fewer than
farmers markets.
there were
there were
markets.
markets.
when the federal government passed the Farmer to Consumer Direct Marketing Act.
more and more people care to know how and where their produce is grown, and who is growing the produce. do our cities have the infrastructure to accommodate this alternative method of grocery shopping?
1994
4,3852006
in
in
in
paul knoxsmall town sustainability
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FOOD & PLACE
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As our food became more global,
less local, and homogenized, the places
created to house these commodities also
became homogenized. The ‘supermarket’
suddenly becomes a building typology - the
big box architecture many of us have grown
up knowing as ‘the place to buy food.’
But where are these supermarkets?
These three images could be
from almost anywhere in the country - the
corporations’ desire for continuity outweighs
regional considerations that could affect the
design of the space.
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01suburban growth
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ORANGE, CA: FROM FARMLAND TO SUBURB
1 8 8 6
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232 0 0 7
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Abandoned industrial properties sit dormant within disconnected suburban networks.
The explosion of industry along transit lines, and subsequent large machinery-oriented spaces expanded the built environment at an alarming rate through the second half of the twentieth century. Extensive square footage provided the means for mechanized work and surplus of product to be delivered across the country and all over the world. Yet, this left the suburbs scaled to these processes, with streets rapidly growing to accommodate the influx of cars and industries being zoned in separate areas from residential life and commercial space. Now many of these industrial properties sit abandoned within disconnected, expansive suburban networks. This proposal strives to exploit the potential for these properties to become thriving community ‘living rooms’ in growing suburbs.
the big design and development project of the next 50 years will be retrofitting suburbia.“
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ellen dunham-jonesretrofitting suburbia
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26 During the Portola Expedition of 1769, Spanish soldiers traveled up the coast of California in search of Monterey Bay after founding the first mission in San Diego. Spanish colonization spread in subsequent years, and once these soldiers retired, many decided to return to Orange County (originally named Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana) and buy land to raise cattle herds, whose hides were being shipped abroad for a substantial profit. As more Europeans began arriving, the partitions of the 200,000 acre Rancho emerged as a problem. Alfred Chapman, one of the lawyers for the owning family, received 4,840 acres as payment for his services, and planned for his share to be turned into viable farmland. He began construction for an irrigation ditch from the Santa Ana River and completed it in 1871. The other family attorney, Andrew Glassell, then laid an eight block townsite around an open Plaza Square, which was then surrounded by ten acre farm lots.
ORANGE, CA H ISTORY
1870s
1910-1945
1950
1960
grapes and grain emerged as cash crops over acres of flat, arable land
vineyards eradicated by disease; orange, walnuts, and apricots become leading tree crops
tract developments replace orange groves as population increases from 12,305 to 26,444 - a 226% increase
World War II veterans and families flock to Orange County for the mild climate, suburban lifestyle, and the prospect of good jobs
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52% residential
24% openspace
6%
8%
1%5% 4%
use
commercial
resourceareas
industrial
publicinstitutions
mixed
46% singlefamily
11%
9%1%
10%
7%
1%2% 3%
7%
3%multifamily duplex
usemixed
publicinstitution
office
commercial
industrial
agriculture
recreationopen space
planned community
2010 planned land uses(% acreage)
2010 zoning districts(% acreage)
LAND USE TODAY
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02case studies:food markets
reclaimed structures+
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PIKE PLACE MARKET
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Founded in 1907, Pike Place started as a city-
sponsored experiment to assist local farmers
in selling their produce directly to consumers.
After WWII, farming technologies and
transport innovations drastically changed
the local farming economy, which led to the
market’s decline. Shoppers were moving to
the suburbs and shopping at supermarkets.
Despite redevelopment initiatives that
threatened the longevity of the market, it still
stands today and has become a landmark
for the city, and a strong neighborhood
beacon.
SEATTLE , WA
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LA BOQUERIA
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The prominence of La Boqueria along
the main thoroughfare of Las Ramblas
establishes the importance of food in the
daily lives of local residents. The size and
selection offered here now draw tourists
from all over the world. The market’s vitality
even today poignantly illustrates what the
Spanish people value - good, fresh food for
themselves and their families. Scale is critical
here - the market really stands to serve the
whole city and visiting tourists, and their
exceptional selection draws residents by
whatever mode of transport is necessary.
BARCELONA, SPAIN
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EATALY
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This Italian food hall offers multiple stations
focusing on a specific food as the main
ingredient. The multitude of choices leads to
a wandering sequence through the space.
However, the stacks of imported products in
the more elegant version of the supermarket
within the food hall sterilize the space and is
not perceived as a place for the average
consumer, but rather the affluent city
dweller. And while food is prepared in front
the customer, there is very little knowledge
exchange between cook and customer.
NEW YORK C ITY, NYTPG ARCHITECTURE
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PLAZA FOOD HALL
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As with the Eataly Food Hall, the Plaza
Food Hall scales the concept down to
only a few stations where renowned chefs
make food inches from the plate. The entry
market allows customers to buy artisanal
products and specialty goods used in the
restaurant. However, this project also serves
a more affluent customer more interested in
well made and well crafted plates rather
than hands on interaction and an equal
relationship between cook and customer.
NEW YORK C ITY, NYJEFFREY BEERS
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SUSTENANCE STUDIO
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Located on Santa Barbara Street in San Luis
Obispo, Sustenance functions both as part
cooking school and part restaurant. Here,
the customers become the chefs and learn
to make a dish alongside others looking to
learn a thing or two about cooking. The main
space contains both kitchen prep area and
dining tables surrounding the central island,
allowing for direct communication at all
phases of the preparation and consumption
process. This main space also houses artists’
exhibits and large events, becoming a bigger
facet of the community.
SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA
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POTRERO ORGANIC SCHOOLYARD
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In an effort to address the scarce resources
for organic food in the Potrero Annex,
“this project provides an organic garden,
education center and farmer’s market within
a thriving but underserved community.”
In partnership with Alice Water’s Edible
Schoolyard and Architecture for Humanity,
the proposal has its roots planted firmly
within the community. Essentially this project
becomes a community center, “serving to
connect people to the earth and to one
another.”
AIDL IN DARL INGSAN FRANCISCO, CA
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SLOW FOOD NATION PAVIL ION
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“This festival pavilion tells the story of the
making of chocolate through an immersive,
multi-sensory environment that is equal
parts education and appetite. Visitors
enter through a filter of galleries, formed
by stacks of shipping pallets, where display
graphics illustrate the multinational process
of artisanal chocolate production. Beyond
the galleries, a communal tasting table runs
the length of the pavilion, where chocolate
makers share the stories of their craft and
samples of their unique blends.”
SAN FRANCISCO, CAAIDL IN DARL ING
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CONTEMPORARY ART MUSEUM
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In Raleigh’s Depot Historic District, an
old building for Allen Forge & Welding
is transformed into a new museum that
has revitalized this struggling area of the
city. The addition of the outdoor canopy
signals the newly renovated interior, but
also creates a reception area for visitors to
mingle during large art events. The potential
of this humdrum building was recognized by
Brooks+Scarpa, and the history of the area
was preserved in their take on the modern
art museum.
RALE IGH, NCBROOKS + SCARPA
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ARTSCAPE WYCHWOOD BARNS
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This early 20th century streetcar repair
and maintenance facility has been
abandoned for decades, and Du Toit’s
retrofit transformed the space into artist
studios, housing, community spaces, and
parks. Once the project was completed, a
community led farmer’s market moved onto
the property, and performances have been
completely full capacity. This is an important
example of a successful retrofit that utilized
existing building shells to transform an entire
community and take pride in this former
industrial site that had been abandoned
because of perceived lack of necessity.
TORONTO, CANADADU TOIT ARCHITECTS
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WALDEN STUDIOS
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The concrete contruction of an old barn
in Sonoma County provided the strong
physical and historical base for this modern
intervention. The frameless glass box
inserted into the barn as well as carefully
cut portions of the existing walls lend a
lightness to the project and a seamless
transition from interior to exterior space.
Different programmatic areas are defined
by varying ground levels and a mixture of
materials along the ground plane. Walden
Studios takes a more drastic approach
concerning the question of maintaining
existing architecture.
GEYSERVILLE , CAJENSEN & MACY ARCHITECTS
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URBAN OUTF ITTERS CORPORATE CAMPUS
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Taking advantage of the necessary open
floor plan of the old shipyard, MS & R
concentrated on furniture interventions and
interior renovation for the corporate campus
of Urban Outfitters. The existing steel
structure of the old Navy shipyard buildings
works in balanced tension with the new
addition of glass and wood in circulation
spaces. This project exemplifies the potential
for existing, abandoned structures to be
given second lives as viable architectural
and experiential spaces.
PHILADELPHIA , PAMS & R , LTD.
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03the people &the place
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47% white
38% hispanic
11% asian orpacific islander
1% black3% other
ethnicity
ORANGE, CA DEMOGRAPHICS
136,416people live in the city of orange
6,128students attend chapman university
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under 5
5-9
10-19
6%
6%
14%
16%
14%
14%
12%
8%
5% 3%
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-7980+
49% female 51% male
sex age groups
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“ never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
margaret mead
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non profit organization founded by long time Orange, CA residents in 2011
runs the farmers and artisans market every saturday 9am-1pm
just received permits to run year-round in november 2011
started a local chef demo series
primary mission: “to cultivate a healthy community through family friendly and community
based educational programs in collaboration with likeminded community organizations”
A BRIEF H ISTORYOF ORANGE HOME GROWN, INC.
many local chefs with restaurants in the downtown plaza fully embrace and
support the market currently, utilizing the fresh produce for their restaurants and
participating in the demonstration series.
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JIM DAVIS avocados, tangerines, lemons, orangesMOUNTAIN MEADOW mushrooms (7 varieties)GUERILLA BEEKEEPERS honey and honey based productsCARLSBAD AQUAFARM carlsbad mussels, carlsbad oysters, red ogo seaweedKANE FAMILY FARMS avocados
grapes, stone fruits, pomegranatesBOUJIKIAN FARMSPUDWILL BERRY FARMS blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, goldenberries, figs
RAY’S RANCHLA NOGALERAHA’S APPLE FARMHOPKINS AGYAO CHENG FARMGAYTAN FARMSDEY DEY’S BEEFORGANIC PASTURESARMENTA’S FARMSALAN WILLIAMSOC PRODUCEPOLITO FARMSWEISER FARMS
free range eggs, certified organic fruits and vegetableswalnuts, walnut oilcertified organic apples, pears, asian pears, dried apples, jamsalmonds, almond butterasian fruits, asian vegetablesvegetables, strawberries, cantaloupe, watermelonspasture raised, grass fed beef, chicken, lamb, porkcertified organic milkavocadosoranges, limes, lemons, grapefruit, passion fruit, pomegranatescertified organic vegetablescitrus (special varieties) and avocadosbaby potato medley
farmers
ADAM’S RANCHFAT-PLANT MANBABA FOODSANGEL BITE COOKIESGALLERY ON GLASSELLOC BAKING COJULEP’S FLORALDEBBIE’S DELIGHTSEN FUSO
certified olive farmercertified plant growerhummus, pita bread, pita chipsitalian style cookiesolive oil, tapenades, fruit syrups, sourdough bread, ciabattaeuropean artisan breads, assorted pastriesflower arrangementsbaked goods, dessertssmoked olive oils
artisans
CURRENT MARKET VENDORS
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FARMER D ISTANCES
250 MI
200 MI
150 MI
100 MI
50 MI
Farmers that sell at the Orange Farmers Market come from within 250 miles to deliver straight-from-the-farm produce and other products to Orange residents.
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la habrabrea
fullerton
yorba lindaplacentia
buena park
orangestanton
anaheim
sealbeach
villa parkcypress
gardengrove
los alamitos
westminstersanta ana
tustinhuntingtonbeach
lake forest
san clemente
dana point
fountainvalley
costamesa
newportbeach
irvine
unincorporatedarea
las flores
coto de caza
mission viejo
ranchosanta
margarita
san juancapistrano
laguna niguel
alisoviejo
lagunahills
lagunawoods
lagunabeach
sunday markets (5)
tuesday markets (5)
wednesday markets (4)
thursday markets (3)
friday markets (3)
saturday markets (9)
29 weekly markets
WEEKLY COUNTY MARKETS
serving 3,018,963 people
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5
22
CONTEXT MAP
OLD TOWNE DISTRICT
PROPOSED SITE CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY ORANGE HIGH SCHOOL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOLSOFFICE PARK DISTRICTDOWNTOWN PLAZA
MAJOR FREEWAYS RAILWAY LINE
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WALKABIL ITY
10 minute walking radius
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FOOD DESERTS IN ORANGE
Food deserts are geographic areas where access to healthy, fresh produce, dairy, and meat is severely limited or nonexistent for low-income families. Reasons for this may be sheer distance from mainstream supermarkets, high prices, or inadequate public transit.
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FOOD SOURCE D IAGRAM
RALPH’S
FRESH & EASY
FRESH & EASY
RALPH’S
LA BODEGA MARKET
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FROM THE STREET
farmer’s market parking lot
packinghouse storage
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time warner business building
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VIEW ACROSS THE STREET
chapman universitydodge film studios
abandonedpackinghouses
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delivery business
farmers marketparking lot
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SITE: 350 N. CYPRESS AVE.
STORAGE BUILDINGS
OUTDOOR METAL CANOPY
PACKINGHOUSE
LOADING AND COOLING ROOMS
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2012
SOUTH VIEW OF LOADING AREA
The Villa Park Orchards Packinghouse was established in Villa Park in 1912 when 48 local fruit growers organized to harvest, pack, and market their fruit. In 1967, VPOA moved into the newly available packinghouse in Orange to handle the overflow of produce at their main location. In 1978, packing operations at the original site stopped, and VPOA transferred permanently to the Orange location. Chapman University purchased the packinghouse in 2004 and leased the facility back to VPOA. Packing operations ended in 2006, at which time the facility was the sole remaining operating packinghouse in Orange County. The facility is now on the Registry for National Historic Places. Chapman University uses the building for storage of new furniture shipments currently. Plans for moving the science department to the main packinghouse are in the works.
THE H ISTORIC PACKINGHOUSE
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PACKINGHOUSE INTERIOR NORTH VIEW OF EXISTING PARKING LOT AND FARMER’S MARKET
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INS IDE THE PACKINGHOUSE
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04the program &the purpose
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01
02
03
04
05
growing
farmer’s market stations
citrus orchardtoolhouse
community garden plots
food waste binsbathrooms
exchanging
cooking
eating
composting
seed bank
demonstration stations
shared kitchencooking studios
restaurantcafe
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CAFE
30 CURRENT FARMER VENDING SPACES(45 FUTURE)
PRODUCE UNLOADING LOOP
GARDEN PLOTS
INDUSTRIAL KITCHEN
COOKING STUDIOS (3)
BATHROOMS
ORANGE HOME GROWN OFFICES
JANITORIAL SPACE
STALL STORAGE
refrigerationdry storagedishwashingprep areacookingoffice
200 sf200 sf
200 sf
300 sf300 sf
100 sf
6800 sf
4000 sf
2000 sf
1500 sf
900 sf each
900 sf
150 sf
200 sf
150 sf
675 sf
10000 sfCIRCULATION
29075 sf
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THE PURPOSE
provide a permanent fixture in the community for the emerging farmer’s market
provide an alternative for food procurement and job opportunities in exchange for fresh food
increase walkability of the downtown core between the plaza and chapman university
utilize an abandoned lot for outdoor space residents actually want to use
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05design development
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something reused or altered but still bearing visible traces of its earlier form
a manuscript on which the original writing has been effaced to make room for later writing but of which traces remain
THE PAL IMPSEST ’pa-l em(p)-,sest
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Under the rust and three coats of teal, yellow, and cream paint was a structurally sound pair of metal legs. Under the cobwebs and varnish darkened with time was a solid slab of wood with raised platforms perfect for preparing food. From these raw ingredients a cutting surface formed, which then became the backdrop to new conversation at the first thesis show of the year. The bread knife left the marks of everyone who had taken a piece - a testament to the temporality of ‘perfection’ and denial of the human touch. Now, as a finished object, the cutting surface remains imperfect, with these cuts preserved and new cuts encouraged.
REPURPOSING TWO RUSTED DESK LEGSA ROOM DIV IDER PANEL AND SALVAGED STEELTO CREATE A CUTT ING BOARDAND SERVING TABLE
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First there was fire. Then the hearth. Then
the dining table. All centers of community, sustenance,
process, and sensory memory. Ideally, each one of us
utilizes a surface for eating three times a day; 1095 times
a year. What if this individual necessity translated into an
urban framework - a city dining table built on community,
sustenance, process and sensory memory?
foodinter[action]cutting&serving table
vellum furniture competition entry 2011
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FURNITURE AND SPATIAL EXPLORATIONS
market stall ideas front facade treatment | exploration of beacon elements
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community garden plots as the center of the projectexploration of interstitial space
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loading docks | storage (proposed demo)
chapman university property
businesses
busier pedestrian & car access
F IRST DEMOLIT ION PROPOSAL
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open up site for usable land
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exposed existing structure and finishes.
[authenticity]
PREL IMINARY SECT ION
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the hearth.pivoting glass doors.
[community interface][social gathering]
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mansard roof
sawtooth windows
wooden beams
wooden columns
open floor plan
EXIST ING STRUCTURE
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mansard roof
restored wooden beams
restored south and east facades
infill program
PREL IMINARY DESIGN
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cooking studios
garden plotsdouble height kitchenrestaurant
coffee bar
officesbathroomsseed bank and toolhouse
PROGRAM ADJACENCIES
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restoredarable land
public seating area and lawn
farmers market stalls
farmer parking
citrus grove
1” = 120’-0”
PREL IMINARY S ITE PLAN
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A SHIFT IN FOCUS
infill of the packinghouseconverting the outdoor metal canopy
and redesigning outdoor space
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Program requirements within the packinghouse proved to be an inefficient solution for the space, so I shifted focus to the outdoor metal canopy located immediately in front of the packinghouse. In keeping with Chapman University’s plans, I foresee the packinghouse being converted to a new science department, with the ability to expand on their Food Science program. The market and cooking labs would work in conjunction with the science department while still providing a comfortable place for the surrounding community.
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delivery access
open market plan
community garden boxes
widened city sidewalks
outdoor shaded seating
citrus tree orchard
existing packinghouse
SECTION A
F INAL S ITE PLAN
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outdoor terracedemonstration platformadministration | officesbathrooms
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6
6
3
3
7
7
4
4
8
8
restaurant diningshared kitchenlearning labfood storage
5
5
1
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
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existing corten steel structure polished concrete
Influenced by the aged rail lines and wood tracks adjacent to the site, the simple forms of the furniture take on this aesthetic, while the industrial character of the site remains intact. Updated with new standing seam metal siding and glass facades for visual transparency, the building retains its character but allows for passersby to witness bustling activity within.
reclaimed woodstanding seam
metal roof and wall
MATERIAL PALETTE
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SELL & EXCHANGE
polished concrete surface
concrete shelf
steel frame
reclaimed wood
12’ long tables for farmer and artisan product to be displayed with supply storage underneath
FURNITURE SYSTEMS
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EAT & CONVERSE
table surface
tree planter
communal table that promotes spontaneous conversation, with planters anchored on both sides for young saplings
FURNITURE SYSTEMS
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reclining and upright seating surrounding planter boxes for herbs to be used on site
herb planter box
movable work surface
reclining seating
upright seating for two
REST & GROW
FURNITURE SYSTEMS
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steel I-beam
hydraulic cylinder
steel casement window
steel pipe
EAST FACADE DETAIL
existing tapered steel column
cable track for hydraulic cylinders
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To encourage a comprehensive integration with the surrounding community, it is important to promote an open dialogue between the interior and exterior. The east facade on the ground floor is designed to promote as much as interaction between the two as possible. Two windows in each bay open outward on pivoting hinges, extending the space out and creating an awning for the concrete outdoor bar.
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MODEL
STRUCTURAL DETAIL MODEL
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CITRUS ORCHARD SEAT ING PLATFORM
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replaced steel canopy
existing corten steel structure
north and southglass facades
second floor plate
steel columns
metal siding
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
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EAST FACADE ANDOPEN MARKET F IRST FLOOR
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SECTION A
LONGITUDINAL SECT ION
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OPERABLE GARAGE DOOR ENTRY
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OPEN STAT IONS WHERE LOCAL AND V IS IT ING CHEFS CAN HOLD SEMINARS AND DEMONSTRATIONS TO SMALLER AUDIENCES DURING MARKET HOURS
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FROM INDUSTRIAL YARD ---
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--- TO COMMUNITY LIVING ROOM & MARKET
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Pollan, Michael. In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto. The Penguin Press: New York, 2008.
Kashiba, Shiro. Shiro: Wit, Wisdom & Recipes from a Sushi Pioneer. Chin Music Press: Seattle, 2011.
Ben-Joseph, Eran. Rethinking a Lot: The Design & Culture of Parking. MIT Press: Cambridge, 2012.
Bloszies, Charles. Old Buildings, New Designs: Architectural Transformations. Princeton Architectural Press: New York, 2012.
AvroKo. Best Ugly: Restaurant Concepts and Architecture. HarperCollins Publishers: New York, 2007.
Shapiro, Laura. Something from the Oven: Reinventing Dinner in 1950s America. The Penguin Group: New York, 2004.
Pollan, Michael. “Out of the Kitchen, Onto the Couch.” The New York Times, 29 Jul. 2009. Web. 17 Oct. 2011.
King Corn. Dir. Aaron Woolf. ITVS, 2007. Film.
Food, Inc. Dir. Robert Kenner. Magnolia Pictures, 2008. Film.
Food + Architecture. Ed. Karen Franck. Great Britain: Wiley-Academy, 2002.
Horwitz, Jamie, and Paulette Singley, eds. Eating Architecture. Massachusetts:The MIT Press, 2004.
Knox, Paul L., and Heike Mayer. Small Town Sustainability: Economic, Social, and Environmental Innovation. Boston: Birkhauser, 2009.
Brigandi, Phil. A Brief History of Orange, California: The Plaza City. The History Press: Charleston, 2011.
SOURCES
Hodgson, Petra Hagen, and Rolf Toyka. The Architect, the Cook, and Good Taste. Birkhauser: Berlin, 2007.
Steel, Carolyn. “How food shapes our cities.” TED Talks Jul. 2009. 10 Dec. 2011. <http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/carolyn_steel_how_food_shapes_our_cities.html>.
Dawson, Arthur Potts. “A vision for sustainable restaurants.” TED Talks Dec. 2010. 24 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/arthur_potts_dawson_a_vision_for_sustainable_restaurants.html>.
Dunham-Jones, Ellen, and June Williamson. Retrofitting Suburbia: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New Jersey, 2009.
Pollan, Michael. The Botany of Desire. Random House Trade: New York, 2002.
BOOKS
FILMS
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“Pike Place Market.” www.pps.org. Project for Public Spaces, n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2011.
“General Design Honor Award: Walden Studios.” www.asla.org. ASLA 2008 Professional Awards. Web. 28 Mar. 2012.
“Our City at a Glance 2011.” www.cityoforange.org. Community Development Department. Web. 22 Nov. 2011.
“Farmers and Artisans.” www.orangehomegrown.org. Orange Home Grown, Inc. Web. 3 Nov. 2011.
WEBSITES
Minner , Kelly . "Urban Outfitters Corporate Campus / Meyer, Scherer & Rockcastle.” http://www.archdaily.com/92989. ArchDaily, 2010. Web. 28 Mar. 2012.
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