Food Groups and special dietsRevision for Year 11

ObjectiveTo be able to identify which foods belong to which major food groups and state some of the functions of the groups

To understand what is meant by a special diet and to give examples and reasons why foods might have to be modified to suit people with special diets.

Starter

There are no such thing as healthy or unhealthy

foods – only healthy or unhealthy diets

What do you think?

The Eatwell Plate

Proteins

Beef • A red meat• High Biological

value• Broken down in

digestion to amino acids

• Used for growth and repair

Quorn • An alternative to

meat• Mycoprotein• Absorbs flavours • High in Fibre and

low in fat

Chicken• Poultry• A white meat• A high risk food as it

carries salmonella• Eggs are also a source

of protein

FatsOlive oil • Made from plants• Low in saturates• Used for dressings• Requires an emulsifier to mix it

with waterButter• Made from milk• High in saturates• Enriches Food eg Chelsea buns• Shortens pastry• Aerates cakes• Lengthens shelf life

Margarine• Made from animal and/or

plant oils• Low in saturates/ high in

polyunsaturates• Used in products as

substitute for butter• Cheaper to use• Some can reduce

cholesterol

Carbohydrates

Sugar• Simple carbohydrate• Made from plants• Easily absorbed into the

body• Instant energy• Used as a sweetnerPasta• Made from wheat• Staple food of Italy• Comes in different shapes

and colours• High in starch for energy• Standard component

Rice• Natural product• Staple food in the East• Used in curries• Many different varieties

Potato• Natural product• High in starch which is

broken down into sugars by the body for energy

• Can be used as a thickening agent

Vitamins and Minerals• One portion fulfils Gov

recommendations of 5 a day

• Contain vitamins and minerals for body processes

• Add colour and fibre to dishes

Fibre• Aids digestion

moving food along the gut

• Found in cereals, fruit and vegetables

• Called NSP Non starch polysaccharide

Water• Essential for life• Hydrates cells and

is vital for cell reactions

• Need about 8 pints a day

What is this and what does it show?

TASK 1

• Make a mind map of all of the food groups and their functions

• Give three examples of each group• Use p22 in the AQA book to help you

You have ten minutes to do it

TASK 2 – Special Diets

Special diets are those in which certain foods or ingredients are avoided.

This may be for reasons which are• Medical• Cultural• Moral• Religious• Time of Life

VegetarianDon’t eat meat, fish or meat productsLacto-ova don’t eat eggs and dairyVegetarian symbol on packagingVegans do not eat anything from animals

CoeliacIntolerance to glutenFound in wheat, barley and ryeCan eat corn, rice and potatoesCan buy gluten free products eg pasta and flourCan also cause bone disease

DiabeticCaused by inability of body to make insulin which regulates sugar in bloodHave to reduce the amount of sugar in diet eg sugar free jamNeed foods high in starch, fruit and veg

Lactose intolerantCaused by lack of lactase – an enzyme which breaks down lactose in sheep, goat and cows milk.Can’t eat milk or dairyCan eat soya products

Nut AllergyCan’t eat nuts or any product containing nutsCauses anaphalaxis which can be fatalProducts usually labelled to say if they contain nuts or are made in a factory where nuts have been used

ReligionsSome religions follow certain rulesHalal or Kosher meat slaughtered in certain wayJews – no porkHindu – no beefSikh – no beef may be vege.Islam – no pork, only halal meat

Calorie ControlledPeople on diets for various reasons Heart Disease - less saturated fat to reduce cholesterolless salt – reduce blood pressureDieting – reduce calories –less carbs more veg

PregnancyNeed extra iron, calcium, fibre and folic acidMust avoid raw or unpasteurized egg, milk – risk of salmonella or listeriosisAvoid undercooked meat and fishBalanced diet most important

2007 - Question 9 is about meeting consumer needs

How do food manufacturers of takeaway sandwich products ensure they meet the needs of consumers who have special dietary needs? (8 marks)

What does this mean?

Answer• Labels can inform customers of what is in the sandwich• Labels may include allergy advice: gluten / nuts / milk etc• Labels may include health advice / nutritional details / fat

content/ energy value per portion/pack• It has a guide to portion size• The product could have age related needs eg it could be a

special food for children• Manufacturers might make a range of diet specific products,

e.g. coeliac, vegetarians, low fat, high fibre, low salt, low calorie .( you need to give related examples)

Qualified answers well explained or number of simplistic answers( 6 - 8 marks )

Qualified answer or two simplistic answers ( 4 - 6 marks )Simplistic answer ( 1 - 3 marks )

A manufacturer produces a cookie that uses the following ingredients.

4 (a) (i) Describe one way this product may be developed to encourage young children to eat more nutritionally balanced products. Give reasons for changes made.

(2 marks)

4 (a) (ii) Describe one way this product may be developed for vegans.

Give reasons for changes made.(2 marks)

Filling:FlourButterSugarEgg

I think I

know !

For Children

• Different shapes eg animals• Add fruits etc raisins, sultanas•, add an icing or decoration• Change size to appeal to

children. e.g. make smallerhand held products• Other relevant developments

For Vegans

• Must remove animal foods e.g. butter,eggs

(n.b. Lacto ovo will eat eggs, milk, cheese, Lacto eat milk and dairy, Vegans eat nothing from an animal)

• Replace with non animal based food eg soya margarine, polyunsaturated block fat

• Other relevant developments

Answer

PLENARY

BINGO !