food and nutrition carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

FOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITIONFOOD AND NUTRITION

Carbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsCarbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsCarbohydrates, Fats, and ProteinsCarbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

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Which of the following Which of the following statements are always true? statements are always true?

Sometimes true? Sometimes true? Which are always false?Which are always false?

Which of the following Which of the following statements are always true? statements are always true?

Sometimes true? Sometimes true? Which are always false?Which are always false?

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Foods that are high in calories are Foods that are high in calories are always unhealthy.always unhealthy.


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You should avoid foods with sugars in You should avoid foods with sugars in them.them.



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You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.



You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.

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You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.



You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.

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You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Snacking is bad for you.Snacking is bad for you.



You should avoid fats in your diet.You should avoid fats in your diet.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Vegetarian diets are low in protein.Snacking is bad for you.Snacking is bad for you.

Foods Supply NutrientsFoods Supply Nutrients

Nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy.


Foods Supply NutrientsFoods Supply Nutrients


There are six classes of nutrients:


There are six classes of nutrients:

6 Essential Nutrients6 Essential Nutrients

CarbohydratesFatsProteinVitaminsMineralsWater

CarbohydratesFatsProteinVitaminsMineralsWater

6 Essential Nutrients6 Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used

by the body as sources of energy.

Carbohydrates Fats Protein Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used

by the body as sources of energy.

Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply Energy

Fuel for your body:Fuel for your body:

Foods Supply EnergyFoods Supply EnergyFuel for your body:

When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.

Fuel for your body: When the body uses the nutrients in foods, a

series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells.



As a result, energy is released.



As a result, energy is released.



As a result, energy is released.Metabolism is the chemical process by which

your body breaks down food to release this energy.









Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues.





Metabolism also involves the use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues.


What are Calories?What are Calories?


What are Calories? The amount of energy released when nutrients

are broken down is measured in units called calories.


are broken down is measured in units called calories.



are broken down in measured in units called calories.

For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the needs of your body.








However, you need to consider more than just the calorie content of foods. You need to consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all the nutrients your body needs.




However, you need to consider more than just the calorie content of foods. You need to consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all the nutrients your body needs.

CARBOHYDRATESCARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates are nutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.




Carbohydrates supply energy for your body’s functions.






There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates



There are two types of carbohydrates: Simple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates

Simple CarbohydratesSimple Carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates are also known as sugars.

Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.

There are several types of sugars, but glucose is the most important because it is the major provider of energy for your body’s cells.

Simple Carbohydrates are also known as sugars.

Sugars occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk.

There are several types of sugars, but glucose is the most important because it is the major provider of energy for your body’s cells.

Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates

Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace.

Starches are one main source of complex carbohydrates.

Complex Carbohydrates are made up of sugars that are linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace.

Starches are one main source of complex carbohydrates.

Complex CarbohydratesComplex Carbohydrates

Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants. Fiber is not really a nutrient because it cannot

be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream.

Fiber passes out of your body without being digested.

Fiber is a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants. Fiber is not really a nutrient because it cannot

be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream.

Fiber passes out of your body without being digested.

Why Fiber is ImportantWhy Fiber is Important

Fiber helps prevent constipationFiber may reduce the risk of colon cancerFiber may help prevent heart disease

Fiber helps prevent constipationFiber may reduce the risk of colon cancerFiber may help prevent heart disease

Energy ReservesEnergy Reserves

Extra glucose is converted into glycogen.Glycogen is how your body stores extra

carbohydrates.If your glycogen stores become full, your

body stores the excess carbohydrates as fat.

Extra glucose is converted into glycogen.Glycogen is how your body stores extra

carbohydrates.If your glycogen stores become full, your

body stores the excess carbohydrates as fat.

Daily Carbohydrate IntakeDaily Carbohydrate Intake

45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates

Choose whole grain foodsSnack on fresh fruit rather than sweets or

soft drinks.

45-65% of diet should be from carbohydrates

Choose whole grain foodsSnack on fresh fruit rather than sweets or

soft drinks.

FATSFATS

Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.

Fats supply your body with energy, form your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves.

FATSFATS

Unsaturated Fats Found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds Liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated fats: olive oil, peanuts,

canola oil Polyunsaturated fats: safflower, corn, and

soybean oil

Unsaturated Fats Found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds Liquid at room temperature Monounsaturated fats: olive oil, peanuts,

canola oil Polyunsaturated fats: safflower, corn, and

soybean oil

FATSFATS

Saturated Fats:Animal fats, such as lard, and dairy

productsSolid at room temperature

Saturated Fats:Animal fats, such as lard, and dairy

productsSolid at room temperature

FATSFATS

Recommended that 20-35% of calories come from fat


FATSFATSRecommended that 20-35% of calories

come from fatCholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that

is found only in animal products.


Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.



is found only in animal products.You need some cholesterol



You need some cholesterol



is found only in animal products.You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you

need



You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you

need



is found only in animal products.You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you

needToo much cholesterol in your diet can lead

to a heart attack



You need some cholesterol Your liver makes all the cholesterol you

needToo much cholesterol in your diet can lead

to a heart attack

FATSFATS

Trans fats- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils.

Trans fats stay fresh longer.Trans fats have similar dangers as that of

saturated fats.

Trans fats- made when manufacturers add hydrogen to the fat molecules in vegetable oils.

Trans fats stay fresh longer.Trans fats have similar dangers as that of

saturated fats.

PROTEINSPROTEINS

Proteins can serve as a source of energyTheir most important role is growth and

repair of your body’s tissuesMeat, eggs, poultry, milk, milk products

Proteins can serve as a source of energyTheir most important role is growth and

repair of your body’s tissuesMeat, eggs, poultry, milk, milk products

PROTEINSPROTEINS

Made up of chains of amino acidsAmino acids- the body’s “building blocks”10-35% of diet should come from proteinsVegetarians can meet their protein needs by

combining two or more plant proteins to obtain the essential amino acids.

Made up of chains of amino acidsAmino acids- the body’s “building blocks”10-35% of diet should come from proteinsVegetarians can meet their protein needs by

combining two or more plant proteins to obtain the essential amino acids.

Let’s Review…• Which three classes of nutrients supply

the body with energy?



• What is metabolism?




• What is cholesterol?




• What is cholesterol?

• How does diet affect the cholesterol levels in the blood?

Written Response…• In your notebook write today’s date and

the following prompt:What high fat foods do you eat? How

can you cut down?


Vitamins, Minerals, and WaterVitamins, Minerals, and WaterVitamins, Minerals, and WaterVitamins, Minerals, and Water

VITAMINSVITAMINS

Nutrients that are made by living things, are required in only small amounts, and that may assist chemical reactions in the body.


VITAMINSVITAMINS


2 Classes of Vitamins:


2 Classes of Vitamins:

VITAMINSVITAMINS


2 Classes of Vitamins:Fat SolubleWater Soluble


2 Classes of Vitamins:Fat SolubleWater Soluble

Fat Soluble VitaminsFat Soluble Vitamins

Require the presence of fat to dissolveRequire the presence of fat to dissolve


Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, K

Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, K


Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, KCan be stored in the body

Require the presence of fat to dissolveA, D, E, KCan be stored in the body

Water Soluble VitaminsWater Soluble Vitamins

Cannot be stored by the bodyNeed to be supplied daily by the dietB Vitamins, C, Pantothenic Acid, Folic

Acid, Biotin

Cannot be stored by the bodyNeed to be supplied daily by the dietB Vitamins, C, Pantothenic Acid, Folic

Acid, Biotin

AntioxidantsAntioxidants

Help protect healthy cells from damage caused by the normal aging process as well as certain types of cancer.


AntioxidantsAntioxidants


Vitamins C and E are most powerful


Vitamins C and E are most powerful

MINERALSMINERALSNutrients that occur naturally in rocks

and soil.Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks

and soil.

MINERALSMINERALSNutrients that occur naturally in rocks and

soil.Needed in significant amounts:

Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur

Nutrients that occur naturally in rocks and soil.

Needed in significant amounts: Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium Phosphorus Chlorine Sulfur

MINERALSMINERALSNeeded in trace amounts:

Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc

Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc

MINERALSMINERALSNeeded in trace amounts:

Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc*Diets deficient in iron may cause anemia- a

condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin. Anemia causes you to be weak, tired, and become ill easily.

Needed in trace amounts: Iron* Fluorine Iodine Copper Zinc*Diets deficient in iron may cause anemia- a

condition in which the red blood cells do not contain enough hemoglobin. Anemia causes you to be weak, tired, and become ill easily.

SupplementsSupplements

Not needed if diet contains a wide variety of foods

Take only to meet, not exceed, daily requirements

Overdose can damage health

Not needed if diet contains a wide variety of foods

Take only to meet, not exceed, daily requirements

Overdose can damage health

WATERWATER

65% of body weight is water65% of body weight is water

WATERWATER

65% of body weight is waterNearly all of the body’s chemical reactions

require water


require water

WATERWATER


require waterWater is necessary to maintain homeostasis



WATERWATER



Maintains steady state in body-regulates body temperature




WATERWATER




Electrolytes- regulate processes in your cells




Electrolytes- regulate processes in your cells

Preventing DehydrationPreventing Dehydration

Occurs when body’s water content is reduced




Body loses important electrolytes


Body loses important electrolytes



Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per day


Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per day



Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per dayMales: Drink 12-14 cups per day


Body loses important electrolytesFemales: Drink 8-10 cups per dayMales: Drink 12-14 cups per day

Let’s Review…• How are vitamins different from

minerals?


minerals?

• What are the two classes of vitamins?


minerals?

• What are the two classes of vitamins?

• What role does water play in the body?

Written Response…• In your notebook write today’s date and

the following prompt:Do you feel it is necessary for you to

take a dietary supplement? Why or why not?


Guidelines for Healthy EatingGuidelines for Healthy EatingGuidelines for Healthy EatingGuidelines for Healthy Eating

Dietary Guidelines for AmericansDietary Guidelines for Americans

Information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely.

Information on how to make smart food choices, balance food intake with physical activity, get the most nutrition out of the calories you consume, and handle food safely.

Nutrient-Dense FoodsNutrient-Dense Foods

Choose foods that contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories.

Choose foods which are low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt.

Choose foods that contain lots of vitamins and minerals relative to the number of calories.

Choose foods which are low in saturated fat, trans fat, added sugar, and salt.

USDA “MyPyramid Plan”USDA “MyPyramid Plan”

Differs from the old “Food Guide Pyramid”

Based on age, gender, and activity level

Includes physical activity

Differs from the old “Food Guide Pyramid”

Based on age, gender, and activity level

Includes physical activity

“MyPyramid Plan”Recommended Servings Per Day for 16-Year Olds

Activity Level Grains Veggies Fruits Milk

Meat/

Beans

Sedentary

Male

Female

8 oz

6 oz.

3 cups

2 1/2 cups

2 cups

1 1/2 cups

3 cups

3 cups

6 1/2 oz

5 oz

Moderate

Male

Female

10 oz

6 oz

3 1/2 cups

2 1/2 cups

2 1/2 cups

2 cups

3 cups

3 cups

7 oz

5 1/2 oz

Active

Male

Female

10 oz

8 oz

4 cups

3 cups

2 1/2 cups

2 cups

3 cups

3 cups

7 oz

6 1/2 oz

Using the Food GuidelinesUsing the Food Guidelines

Meals:Don’t skip breakfast!Whole grains, fruits vegetablesTrim fat from meats, avoid fried foods




Snacks:Choose foods that are nutrient-dense


Snacks:Choose foods that are nutrient-dense


Eating Out:Choose milk, water or juice instead of

sodaChoose salad instead of friesChoose grilled instead of fried

Eating Out:Choose milk, water or juice instead of

sodaChoose salad instead of friesChoose grilled instead of fried

Let’s Review…• What are the four main

recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?



• What does it mean to say a food is nutrient-dense?



• What does it mean to say a food is nutrient-dense?

• What is indicated by the different bands in the “MyPyramid Plan?”

Written Response…• In your notebook write today’s date and the

following prompt: Using the Serving Chart, find you activity

level. Look at the recommended servings for each band. Which bands are you meeting the requirements for on a daily basis? Which are not being met? How can you improve your diet?

food and nutrition carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Documents

warmup foods

vegetarian diets

classes of nutrients

repair body tissues

bodily functions

following statements

nutrition carbohydrates