ISSN 2242−8496 (pdf)ISBN 978−952−244−604−6 (pdf) ISSN 0357−0371 (print)ISBN 978−952−244−603−9 (print)Product number 3056 (print)

FINLAND IN FIGURES 2018

FOLLOW US – NEWS NOTIFICATIONS, SOCIAL MEDIA”

STATISTICS FINLAND− Produces statistics on a variety of areas in society− Promotes the use of statistical data− Supports decision-making based on facts− Creates preconditions for research GUIDANCE AND INFORMATION SERVICE+358 29 551 2220info@stat.fi www.stat.fi

“

Contents and Sources

Finland Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Population Register Centre; vrk.fi

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Source: Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi

Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Culture and the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Sources: Ministry of Education and Culture; minedu.fi, Finnish Film Foundation; ses.fi, National Board of Antiquities; nba.fi, Theatre Info Finland; tinfo.fi, Kantar TNS Oy; tns-gallup.fi, The National Library of Finland; nationallibrary.fi

Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Elections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Energy; energia.fi

Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Environment and Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Land Survey of Finland; maanmittauslaitos.fi, Finnish Environment Institute; syke.fi, Finnish Meteorological Institute; fmi.fi, Ministry of the Environment; ym.fi, Metsähallitus; metsa.fi

Financing and Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Bank of Finland; bof.fi

Government Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; formin.fi, State Treasury; treasuryfinland.fi

Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi, Social Insurance Institution; kela.fi, Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea; fimea.fi

Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Income and Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi, National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi

Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Contents and Sources

Labour Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Environment Institute; syke.fi

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

National Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Land Survey of Finland; maanmittauslaitos.fi, Finnish Immigration Service; migri.fi

Prices and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Science, Technology and Information Society . . . . . . . . . 41Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

Social Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Sources: National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi, Social Insurance Institution; kela.fi, Financial Supervisory Authority; fiva.fi, Finnish Centre for Pensions; etk.fi

Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Customs; tulli.fi

Transport and Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Helsinki Region Transport; hsl.fi, VR Group Ltd; vrgroup.fi, Finnish Transport Agency; liikennevirasto.fi, Finavia Corporation; finavia.fi

Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi

International Comparison Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Sources: UN: Demographic Yearbook, UN: Population and Vital Statistics Report; unstats.un.org, Eurostat; ec.europa.eu/eurostat, CIA: The World Factbook; cia.gov, World Bank: World Development Indicators; worldbank.org, ILO: ILOSTAT Database; ilo.org/ilostat, OECD: Economic Outlook; oecd.org, IMF: World Economic Outlook; imf.org

Symbols

* preliminary data . category not applicable - magnitude nil

. . data not available or too uncertain for presentation, or subject to secrecy

FINLAND IN FIGURES ONLINE SERVICE stat.fi/finlandinfigures

5 513 130AINO LEO

2.01

INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

FINLAND TODAY

2017

30 531

4 22 74

2017

131MEN

723WOMEN

2017

2016

2017

2017

4 056 725

inhabitants2017

HELSINKI

643 272

POPULATION PERSONS AGED 100 OR OVER

MOST POPULAR FIRST NAME

AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD- DWELLING UNITpersons/household-dwelling unit

AUTOMOBILE

2017numberSTOCK

share of persons working, %

Agriculture and forestry

Services and administration

Industry and construction

Sources: Statistics Finland, Population Register Centre

MATRICULATIONEXAMINATIONS

3Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery

Agricultural and horticultural enterprises

Production sector 2010 2016 2017 Average age of farmers2017

Plant production 37 086 33 187 33 014Cereals production 20 927 17 493 16 304 52Other plant production 13 092 13 360 14 397 54Greenhouse production 1 371 878 835 53Outdoor production 1 696 1 456 1 478 53

Livestock production 19 829 14 357 13 406Milk production 10 205 7 276 6 704 49Beef production 3 080 2 931 2 935 49Suckler cow production and cattle fattening 1 270 572 555 50Pig farming 1 355 689 602 48Poultry farming 375 438 362 48Sheep, goat and horse farming and other grazing livestock 3 544 2 451 2 248 50

Mixed production 2 568 2 163 2 134 50Total 59 483 49 707 48 554 53Utilised agricultural area, ha/farm 39 46 47

Livestock

1950 1990 2000 2010 2016 2017 Thousand

Cattle 1 782 1 360 1 057 926 909 893Dairy cows 1 111 490 364 289 282 275

Pigs 446 1 381 1 296 1 367 1 235 1 129Poultry . . . . 12 570 9 587 13 445 12 705

Laying hens 3 381 4 845 3 110 3 394 3 599 3 650Broilers . . 2 993 7 918 4 616 8 272 7 734

Sheep 1 220 103 100 126 157 155

Grain harvest

Mil. kg

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017

BarleyOatsWheatRye

4 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery

Forest statistics

Land class 2014–2016 Volume of the growing stock

2014–2016

Mil . ha % Mil . m3 %Forestry land 26.2 86 Pine 1 238 50

Forest land 20.3 67 Spruce 736 30Poor productive forest land 2.4 8 Birch 411 17Unproductive land 3.2 11 Other deciduous

treesForest roads, depots, etc. 0.2 1 80 3Other land 4.2 14 Growing

stock, totalLand area, total 30.4 100 2 465 100

Increment and drain of the growing stock

Mil. m3

-160

20

40

60

80

100

120

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

1)

Drain

Increment (smoothed)

1) Change caused by areas ceded during the wars

Result from the private forest economy

Real value, €/ha

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 -17*

5Construction

Completed buildings and dwellings

2000 2010 2016 2017All buildings, mil . m3 38.48 34.66 32.40 34.16Residential buildings 13.44 10.71 10.60 11.56Commercial and office buildings 6.28 5.83 5.92 6.29Industrial buildings and warehouses 7.88 7.27 7.80 8.33Other buildings 10.88 10.86 8.08 7.99

All dwellings, number 35 218 25 152 30 265 35 639Detached houses 12 208 10 583 7 100 7 387Attached houses 5 876 2 799 3 579 3 454Blocks of flats 16 717 11 116 18 940 24 089Other than residential buildings 417 654 646 709

Completed dwellings

Number

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Volume index of newbuilding

2010 = 100

40

60

80

100

120

140

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Residential buildingsAll buildingsOther than residential buildings

6 Culture and the Media

Public libraries 1)

1990 2000 2010 2016 2017Libraries, number 1 151 936 843 744 737Mobile libraries, number 232 201 154 137 134Materials, million 37.2 40.9 39.7 35.6 35.2Loans, million 85.7 102.2 96.2 87.4 85.2Borrowers, million 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9Library visits, million 49.3 64.0 52.6 49.0 50.1

1) Excl. Åland

Cinemas, museums and theatres

2000 2010 2015 2016

Cinema halls 343 289 311 312Seats, thousand 60 50 48 47Premieres 176 186 202 207Visits per inhabitant 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6

Museums 1) 155 158 150 154Exhibitions 1 289 1 134 1 089 1 024Admissions, million 4.9 4.9 5.6 6.7

Theatres 2) 60 59 59 59Performances 13 837 12 833 12 511 12 075Tickets sold, million 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.2

1) Museums with full-time personnel, excl. Åland 2) Theatres receiving statutory State subsidy, incl. the Finnish National Theatre and the Finnish National Opera

Shares of use by media, 2016

Age15–24 25–44 45–59 60–69 Totalmin per day %

Print media, total 48 45 62 95 61 13Magazines 6 7 11 17 10 2Newspapers 1) 12 12 24 44 22 5Free papers 6 7 7 8 7 2Books 24 19 20 26 22 5

Electronic media, total 395 416 386 365 394 87Television 61 101 140 144 114 25Radio 34 71 92 113 80 18Internet 2) 300 244 154 108 200 44

Total 443 461 448 460 455 100

1) Incl. subscribed and paid for newspapers 2) Incl. all Internet use

LITERATURE PUBLISHED9 884

booksIN FINLAND 2016

7Education

Population by level of education, 2016

Total % Females %

Population aged 15 or over 4 609 119 100 2 353 862 100

Population with educational qualification, total 3 287 272 71.3 1 702 742 72.3

Upper secondary education 1 852 669 40.2 883 194 37.5Post-secondary non-tertiary education 32 199 0.7 14 820 0.6Lowest level tertiary education 441 758 9.6 271 636 11.5Lower tertiary level 500 520 10.9 281 100 11.9Higher tertiary level 416 084 9.0 232 607 9.9Doctorate level 44 042 1.0 19 385 0.8

Only basic education 1 321 847 28.7 651 120 27.7

Students and qualifications attained, 2016

Sector of education Students 1) Qualifications attained

Basic comprehensive school education, compulsory education school 550 236 58 028

Basic education of adults 2 984 592Upper secondary general school

education 103 550 30 986Vocational education 327 734 74 700University of applied sciences education 140 792 25 713University education 154 736 31 881Total 1 280 032 221 900

1) Students in education leading to qualifications. The data for vocational education relate to a calendar year. The data for other educational sectors describe the situation on 20 September.

Employment of graduates one year after graduation, 2016

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Matriculation examination

Lower universitydegree (Bachelor)

Upper secondary vocationalqualification

Higher universitydegree (Master)

University of appliedsciences degree

Doctor’s degree

Females

Males

Employed persons 1) of graduates, %

1) lncl. employed students

8 Elections

Parliamentary elections 2015

Party Number of votes

% Change in votescast 2015–2011 % points

Seats2015 2011

KESK 626 218 21.1 5.3 49 35KOK 540 212 18.2 -2.2 37 44PS 524 054 17.7 -1.4 38 39SDP 490 102 16.5 -2.6 34 42Green League 253 102 8.5 1.3 15 10LEFT 211 702 7.1 -1.0 12 14RKP 144 802 4.9 0.6 9 9KD 105 134 3.5 -0.5 5 6Other parties 56 402 1.9 0.3 - -Others 16 731 0.6 0.2 1 1Total 2 968 459 100 200 200Women 1 264 405 42.6 0.8 83 85Voting turnout 1) 70.1% (66.9% incl. Finns resident abroad)

Explanations: KESK = Centre Party of Finland, KOK = National Coalition Party, PS = Finns Party, SDP = Finnish Social Democratic Party, LEFT = Left Alliance, RKP = Swedish People’s Party in Finland, KD = Christian Democrats in Finland1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland

Voting turnout 1) in parliamentary elections, 1908–2015

0

20

40

60

80

100

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

% of persons entitled to vote

Election year

MenWomen

-15

1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland

9Elections

European Parliament elections 2014

Party Number of votes

% Change in votescast 2014–2009% points

Number ofEuro-MPselected

KOK 390 376 22.6 -0.6 3KESK 339 895 19.7 0.6 3PS 222 457 12.9 3.1 2SDP 212 781 12.3 -5.2 2Green League 161 263 9.3 -3.1 1LEFT 161 074 9.3 3.4 1RKP 116 747 6.8 0.7 1KD 90 586 5.2 1.1 -Others 33 115 1.9 0.1 -Total 1 728 294 100 - 13Women 840 903 48.7 2.2 7Voting turnout 1) 41.0 0.71) Finnish citizens resident in Finland See page 8 for explanations.

Municipal elections 2017

Party Number of votes % Party Number of votes %

KOK 531 599 20.7 RKP 125 518 4.9SDP 498 252 19.4 KD 105 551 4.1KESK 450 529 17.5 Other parties 32 035 1.2Green League 320 235 12.5 Others 53 126 2.1PS 227 297 8.8 Total 2 570 768 100LEFT 226 626 8.8Voting turnout 58.9% See page 8 for explanations.

Presidential election 2018

1st round on 28 January 2018

Candidate Number of votes

% Candidate Number of votes

%

Sauli Niinistö 1 875 342 62.6 Tuula Haatainen 97 294 3.2Pekka Haavisto 371 254 12.4 Merja Kyllönen 89 977 3.0Laura Huhtasaari 207 337 6.9 Nils Torvalds 44 776 1.5Paavo Väyrynen 185 305 6.2 Total 2 993 668 100Matti Vanhanen 122 383 4.1Voting turnout 1) 69.9%, (66.8% incl. Finns resident abroad) Sauli Niinistö was elected President of the Republic in the first round of the elections. 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland

VOTING TURNOUT 1)

IN THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2018

FOR WOMEN 72.9%

FOR MEN 66.8%1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland

10 Energy

Total energy consumption

PJ (petajoule)

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

1 600

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17*

Fossil fuelsRenewable energyNuclear energyPeatOther energy 1)

1) Incl. reaction heat from industrial processes, hydrogen and net imports of electricity

Supply and total consumption of electricity, 2017*

Supply GWh % Total consumption GWh %

Nuclear power 21 575 25.2 Industry and construction 40 603 47.5Hydro power 14 642 17.1 Households and

agricultureWind power 4 802 5.6 23 940 28.0Solar power 27 0.03 Services and public

consumptionNet imports 20 426 23.9 18 392 21.5Other heating

powerTransmission and

distribution losses24 028 28.1 2 565 3.0Total 85 499 100 Total 85 499 100

Household energy consumption, 2016

By use GWh % By energy source GWh %

Space heating 45 692 68.2 Electricity 22 514 33.6Heating of domestic water 9 961 14.9 District heat 19 594 29.2Other electrical equipment 5 844 8.7 Wood 15 123 22.6Heating of saunas 3 049 4.6 Heat pump 5 441 8.1Lighting 1 770 2.6 Other 1) 4 325 6.5Cooking 681 1.0 Total 66 997 100Total 66 997 100

1) Peat, coal, natural gas, light and heavy fuel oil

11Enterprises

Enterprises, 2016

Industry Enterprises Personnel Turnover% Thousand % € million %

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 73 227 20.5 52 3.6 2 240 0.6Manufacturing 20 264 5.7 289 20.3 121 792 31.4Construction 40 891 11.5 158 11.0 32 786 8.5Wholesale and retail trade 1) 42 661 12.0 238 16.7 115 589 29.8Transportation and storage 20 538 5.8 121 8.4 22 550 5.8Accommodation and food

service activities 12 042 3.4 58 4.1 6 474 1.7Information and communication 10 156 2.8 82 5.7 19 855 5.1Financial and insurance activities 7 844 2.2 42 2.9 - -Real estate activities 27 420 7.7 20 1.4 9 156 2.4Professional, scientific and

technical activities 35 840 10.0 100 7.0 14 364 3.7Administrative and support

service activities 13 976 3.9 128 9.0 11 198 2.9Human health and social work

activities 18 423 5.2 71 5.0 6 660 1.7Other industries 33 508 9.4 70 4.9 24 663 6.4All industries 356 790 100 1 428 100 387 328 100

Size of personnel 0– 4 318 375 89.2 252 17.6 44 831 11.6 5– 19 29 125 8.2 258 18.1 52 248 13.5 20– 99 7 743 2.2 300 21.0 80 222 20.7100–499 1 273 0.4 256 17.9 84 965 21.9500– 274 0.1 362 25.4 125 062 32.3Total 356 790 100 1 428 100 387 328 100

1) Incl. repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

Enterprise openings and closures by industry, 2016

Professional, scientific and technical activities

Wholesale and retail tradeConstruction

Other service activitiesAdministrative and support

service activitiesInformation and communication

Accommodation and food service activities

Real estate activitiesManufacturing

Arts, entertainment and recreation

Other industries

Number

0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000

Enterprise openingsEnterprise closures

12 Environment and Natural Resources

Geographical data

Finland’s area, km2, 1 January 2018 Highest point, mArea 338 452 Halti 1 324

Land area 303 919 Longest river, kmFresh water 34 533 Kemijoki 500

Sea water 52 456 Largest lakes, km2

Total 390 908 Saimaa 1 393Boundaries, km Päijänne 1 082Sweden 614 Inarijärvi 1 082Norway 736 Oulujärvi 912Russia 1 340 Pielinen 895Limit of territorial waters 1 250 Largest islands, km2

Total 3 940 SeaGreatest length, km Mainland Åland 689Hanko – Utsjoki 1 157 Kemiönsaari 545Greatest width, km Inland watersNärpiö – Ilomantsi 542 Soisalo 1 540Lakes with an area of 500 m2 or more total about 168 000, of which around 57 000 with an area of over one hectare. Islands with an area of 100 m2 or more total about 187 000.

Protected and wilderness areas on 1 January 2018

Number Area, ha Water, %

Protected areas 11 365 2 349 821 17.8National parks 40 1 001 810 18.0Strict nature reserves 19 154 157 1.9Mire reserves 167 470 584 2.6Herb-rich forest reserves 46 1 058 1.0Old-growth forest reserves 88 9 686 2.9Other state-owned protected areas 283 347 468 10.2Protected areas on private land 10 662 329 325 53.3Protected areas on Åland 60 35 733 92.2

Wilderness reserves 12 1 489 121 7.5In addition, the Act on the Protection of Rapids protects a total of 53 individual rapids, river portions or catchment areas against power station construction. Corresponding acts have been passed on the protection of the Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki rivers.

FINLAND’S TEMPERATURES 2017

HIGHEST UTSJOKI KEVO +27.6˚CLOWEST MUONIO KIRKONKYLÄ –41.7˚C

13Environment and Natural Resources

National parks and strict nature reserves on 1 January 2018

Koivusuo

Vaskijärvi

Sinivuori

Salamanperä

Ulvinsalo

Pelso

Sukerijärvi

Paljakka

Olvassuo

Sompio

Kevo

Malla

Karkali

Vesijako

Värriö

Maltio

Valkmusa

Gulf of Finland

Petkeljärvi

Koli

Archipelago

LeivonmäkiIsojärvi

Helvetinjärvi

Seitseminen

Salamajärvi

Pyhä-Häkki

Kolovesi

Tiilikkajärvi

Rokua

Oulanka

Bothnian BaySyöte

Riisitunturi

Pyhä-Luosto

TorronsuoLiesjärvi

Päijänne

RepovesiBothnian Sea

Sipoonkorpi

Southern Konnevesi

National park

Strict nature reserve

< 10 km2

10–99 km2

100–500 km2

> 500 km2

< 10 km2

10–99 km2

100–500 km2

> 500 km2

Ekenäs Archipelago

Kurjenrahka

Puurijärvi-Isosuo

Kauhaneva-Pohjankangas

Lemmenjoki

Urho KekkonenNational Park

Hiidenportti

Pallas-Yllästunturi

PisavaaraRunkaus

LauhanvuoriHäädetkeidas

NuuksioTeijo

Linnansaari

Patvinsuo

Hossa

© Metsähallitus 2018 © National Land Survey of Finland 1/MML/18

14 Environment and Natural Resources

Weather conditions

Mean daily temperature (centigrade)

Number of days with precipitation 1)

Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland)

Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland)

1981– 2010

2017 1981– 2010

2017 1981– 2010

2017 1981– 2010

2017

January -3.9 -1.9 -13.5 -10.2 12 6 9 9February -4.7 -2.0 -12.7 -10.1 8 6 8 6March -1.3 1.2 -7.5 -5.6 8 9 8 9April 3.9 2.8 -1.3 -2.5 7 11 6 5May 10.2 9.5 5.3 2.6 7 5 9 4June 14.6 13.7 11.6 10.3 8 11 10 13July 17.8 16.0 14.5 15.1 8 9 11 10August 16.3 16.2 11.7 11.9 10 11 10 11September 11.5 12.1 6.2 7.2 10 9 9 7October 6.6 5.8 0.1 0.4 10 16 9 9November 1.6 4.1 -7.1 -5.5 12 20 10 13December -2.0 1.8 -11.7 -10.1 11 20 8 12°F = 9/5°C + 321) Precipitation ≥ 1,0 mm

Air emissions

1990 2000 2010 2015 2016Greenhouse gas emissions,

CO2 eq., mil. tonnes 71.3 70.1 75.5 55.4 58.8Carbon dioxide 1), mil. tonnes 52.6 52.8 59.2 40.0 43.2Sulphur (as SO2), thousand tonnes 250 81 67 42 40Nitrogen oxides, thousand tonnes 299 229 178 130 129

1) Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat

Municipal waste by treatment method

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Energy recovery 1)Material recoveryLandfilling

Million tonnes

1) Incl. waste incineration in incineration plants

15Financing and Insurance

Financial assets of households

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

€ billion

DepositsUnquoted shares andother equityInsurance technical reserves

Quoted shares

Mutual fund sharesOther

Households’ withdrawals of new housing loans 1)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

€ billion %

New housing loans, € billion Average interest rate, %

1) New housing loans withdrawn from Finnish financial institutions

Loans granted to households 1) on 31 December

Housing loans Consumer credit Other loans Total€ billion € billion € billion € billion

2013 88.3 13.1 15.2 116.62014 89.8 13.5 15.5 118.82015 92.0 14.1 15.9 122.02016 94.1 14.6 16.3 124.92017* 96.1 15.3 16.7 128.1

1) Loans granted by Finnish financial institutions

16 Government Finance

General government deficit/surplus and debt

-20

0

20

40

60

80

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17*

% relative to GDP

Deficit/Surplus (EDP)

Debt (EDP)

Structure of taxation 1)

2014 2015 2016* 2017* At current prices, € million

Income taxes 31 479 32 371 32 934 34 404Social security contributions 26 011 26 639 27 628 27 019Taxes on property 2 719 3 017 3 066 3 459Taxes on goods and services 29 572 29 729 31 223 31 813Other taxes 246 246 262 235Total 90 027 92 002 95 113 96 930

Tax rate, % relative to GDP 43.8 43.9 44.1 43.4

1) Incl. general government and the institutions of the EU

Public development cooperation

Net disbursementsBilateral cooperation

Multilateralcooperation

Total % of gross national income

€ million € million € million2013 618.0 463.1 1 081.1 0.532014 706.7 525.3 1 232.0 0.592015 629.1 532.0 1 161.1 0.552016 581.5 376.7 958.2 0.442017* 528.2 406.5 934.7 0.41

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEBT IN APRIL 2018

€19 370/inhabitant

17Health

Health and medical care

2000 2010 2015 2016Physicians 15 905 20 306 21 980 . .Persons per physician 325 264 249 . .Dentists 4 794 4 699 5 000 . .Hospitals 389 271 253 256Pharmacies 595 618 615 613

Prescriptions, thousand 37 934 50 364 55 791 58 812Prescriptions per inhabitant 7.3 9.4 10.2 10.7

Health care expenditure 1)

€ billion, at 2015 prices

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 -151) Excl. investment expenditure

Primary health care and specialised health care

2000 2010 2015 2016 2017Thousand

Health centresOutpatient visits 1) 25 131 27 191 24 093 24 488 25 087General practitioner visits 10 350 7 129 6 830 6 620 6 634Others 14 780 18 796 17 263 17 868 18 453

Specialised health careOutpatient visits 2) 5 693 7 858 9 352 9 770 . .Day-surgery inpatient stays 137 190 200 198 . .Inpatient stays 962 827 795 786 . .

1) Excl. dental care 2) Incl. visits to public specialised health care

18 Health

Consumption of alcoholic beverages 1)

Litres per person aged 15 or older

Tilastoimaton kulutus0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17

Undocumented consumption

Documented consumption

Total consumption

1) Consumption of alcoholic beverages, 100% alcohol

Percentage of persons aged 20 to 64 who smoke daily

%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016-17

Males

Females

Causes of death, 2016

Deaths % Males % Females %

Diseases of the circulatory system 19 665 36 9 758 36 9 907 37Neoplasms 12 854 24 6 824 25 6 030 22Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease 9 175 17 2 960 11 6 215 23Accidents (excl. accidental

poisoning by alcohol) 2 243 4 1 403 5 840 3Diseases of the respiratory system 2 133 4 1 274 5 859 3Alcohol related diseases and

accidental poisoning by alcohol 1 730 3 1 333 5 397 1Diseases of the digestive system 1 217 2 554 2 663 2Suicides 787 1 615 2 172 1Other causes of death 4 160 8 2 226 8 1 934 7Deaths total 53 964 100 26 947 100 27 017 100

19Housing

Buildings and free-time residences

1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 2017 Thousand

Residential buildings 840 1 005 1 111 1 235 1 290 1 294Detached houses 773 908 993 1 102 1 150 1 152Attached houses 23 53 66 76 81 81Blocks of flats 44 45 52 57 60 61

Other buildings 92 158 189 211 222 229Free-time residences 252 368 451 489 503 507Saunas 1) 548 932 1 212 1 502 1 631 1 651

1) Only saunas in flats. The total number of saunas was estimated to be over two million at the end of 2017.

Household-dwelling units 1), 2017

Size of household- dwelling unit

All buildings

Detachedhouses

Attached houses

Blocks of flats

Other buildings

1 person 1 162 308 242 376 162 763 730 195 26 9742 persons 880 794 415 064 117 566 336 699 11 4653 persons 281 143 153 169 41 688 82 998 3 2884 persons 231 604 152 521 32 049 45 076 1 9585 persons 85 445 62 590 8 634 13 408 8136+ persons 38 783 29 204 2 681 6 208 690Total 2 680 077 1 054 924 365 381 1 214 584 45 188

1) A household-dwelling unit consists of all persons occupying the same dwelling on a permanent basis

Dwellings

1990 2000 2010 2016 2017

Total number of dwellings, thousand 2 210 2 512 2 808 2 968 3 003Owner-occupied dwelling, % 66.8 58.1 59.2 57.3 . .Rented dwelling 1), % 24.7 30.8 29.3 2) 31.2 . .Right of occupancy dwelling, % . . 1.0 1.3 1.5 . .Other form of tenure or unknown, % 8.4 10.1 10.3 10.0 . .

Floor area per dwelling, m2 74.4 76.5 79.5 79.9 79.8Floor area per person, m2 31.4 35.3 39.1 40.3 40.5Overcrowding 3), % 30.4 23.7 17.9 17.4 . .

1) Incl. official residences and employer-provided dwellings 2) Incl. empty dwellings in buildings inferred as rental buildings 3) More than one person per room, excl. kitchen

AVERAGE AGE OF FIRST TIME HOMEBUYERS 2016

28.5years

20 Housing

Prices of dwellings in blocks of flats 1)

Old dwellings New dwellingsHelsinki region Rest of Finland Helsinki region Rest of FinlandUnencumbered average price, €/m2

2013 3 458 1 580 4 974 3 2152014 3 478 1 578 5 102 3 3732015 3 515 1 587 5 122 3 4032016 3 584 1 579 4 980 3 5202017 3 718 1 588 5 071 3 536

1) Data on old dwellings based on the Tax Administration’s data, data on new dwellings based on the largest real estate agents and building contractors

Dwellings in old blocks of flats: real price indices

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

1983 = 100

Helsinki region

Rest of Finland

Prices of real estate

Detached houses Plots for detached housesAverage price Real price index Average price Real price index€/m2 2015 = 100 €/m2 2015 = 100

2015 1 541 100.0 18.6 100.02016 1 549 99.8 21.2 97.82017 1 560 97.7 22.7 96.9

Average rents of rented dwellings

Government-subsidised dwellings

Non-subsidised dwellings

All rented dwellings

€/m2/month €/m2/month €/m2/month

2013 10.64 12.43 11.612014 10.96 12.84 11.982015 11.21 13.30 12.342016 11.38 13.65 12.612017 11.53 13.88 12.80

21Income and Consumption

Income and taxation of private individuals, 2016

Income bracket, € Income recipients

Income subject to state taxation 1)

Income Taxes, total

Taxes

Thousand % € million % € million %

– 4 999 443 9.5 788 0.6 23 0.1 5 000– 9 999 457 9.8 3 757 2.8 249 0.8 10 000–14 999 575 12.3 7 212 5.3 549 1.8 15 000–19 999 519 11.1 9 037 6.7 1 166 3.8 20 000–24 999 467 10.0 10 493 7.7 1 711 5.6 25 000–29 999 460 9.8 12 656 9.3 2 220 7.3 30 000–34 999 427 9.1 13 843 10.2 2 656 8.7 35 000–39 999 336 7.2 12 546 9.2 2 656 8.7 40 000–49 999 425 9.1 18 881 13.9 4 471 14.7 50 000–59 999 225 4.8 12 271 9.0 3 265 10.7 60 000–79 999 197 4.2 13 423 9.9 3 941 13.0 80 000–99 999 72 1.5 6 397 4.7 2 077 6.8100 000– 81 1.7 14 434 10.6 5 397 17.8Total 4 685 100 135 739 100 30 382 100

1) Incl. other income subject to taxation

Average taxable income, 2016

Income subject to state taxation

Earned income Capital income

€/income recipient €/income recipient €/income recipientTotal 28 974 27 087 1 887Males 33 403 30 703 2 700Females 24 764 23 649 1 115

At-risk-of-poverty

At-risk-of-poverty threshold Disposable monetary income in 2016 money

At-risk-of- poverty, persons

At-risk-of- poverty rate

Children in at-risk-of-poverty households

€/consumption unit 1) Thousand % of population Thousand

2010 14 340 728 13.7 1282011 14 400 704 13.2 1202012 14 370 635 11.9 1022013 14 430 690 12.8 1172014 14 320 674 12.5 1062015 14 280 634 11.7 1002016 14 430 623 11.5 109

1) One adult in the household is one consumption unit. Other persons in the household aged at least 14 each are 0.5 consumption units and children aged 0 to 13 each are 0.3 consumption units.

22 Income and Consumption

Household expenditure

1980 1990 2000 2010 2016* %

Housing and energy 18.6 18.2 24.6 26.2 28.5Food and non-alcoholic beverages 21.3 16.3 12.6 12.1 12.0Transport 14.4 14.5 13.3 12.3 11.9Recreation and culture 10.2 11.2 11.3 11.8 10.5Hotels, cafés and restaurants 6.4 7.7 6.4 6.3 6.4Furnishings, household equipment and

routine maintenance of the house 6.1 5.4 4.9 5.3 4.9Health 2.1 2.9 3.8 4.4 4.6Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 6.3 6.6 5.8 5.0 4.4Clothing and footwear 6.1 5.6 4.6 4.7 4.3Communications 1.1 1.4 3.1 2.5 2.3Education 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4Miscellaneous goods and services 7.2 9.8 9.2 8.9 9.8Total consumption expenditure 100 100 100 100 100

Consumption of selected commodities per person

1980 1990 2000 2010 2016*

Milk products kg 263.0 222.9 193.9 183.3 166.1Butter kg 11.7 5.5 3.8 3.3 3.4Margarine kg 7.9 7.6 7.7 . . . .Vegetable oils kg . . 3.3 4.9 5.2 . .Cheese kg 6.6 12.7 16.5 19.0 26.3Eggs kg 11.7 11.1 10.1 9.8 11.9Nuts kg 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.6Wheat kg 44.7 43.5 45.9 46.4 44.7Rye kg 20.8 17.4 15.3 16.1 15.5Rice kg 3.6 4.6 5.6 5.2 5.8Potatoes kg 59.8 60.3 61.6 . . . .Fresh vegetables kg 21.1 41.5 52.8 56.1 63.7Fresh fruit kg 49.8 50.2 45.2 47.1 60.5Meat kg 58.9 64.1 68.3 75.3 80.4Fish kg . . 18.9 13.2 15.2 . .Coffee 1) kg 10.3 10.2 8.7 8.3 8.6Sugar kg 36.8 34.7 32.0 31.8 29.1Tobacco kg 1.2 1.0 0.6 2) 0.6 2) 3) 0.6Beer l 57.3 83.3 78.4 82.8 76.6Wine l . . . . . . 12.2 11.5Alcoholic beverages, 100 % l 6.3 7.7 7.0 8.1 3) 7.1

1) Sales of roasted coffee 2) Incl. untaxable consumption 3) Final data

AVERAGE HOUSING LOAN OF HOUSEHOLD-DWELLING UNITS WITH A HOUSING LOAN 2016

€97 215/household-

dwelling unit

23Justice

Development of selected offences 1)

2010 2016 2017

Offences and infractions total 935 609 823 449 861 921Offences against the Criminal Code 505 357 466 857 438 373Offences 2) 431 623 411 725 390 719

Theft, petty theft 148 213 131 432 125 431Breaking into a residence 6 453 5 300 4 770Breaking into business premises 4 091 3 329 3 034Shoplifting 53 439 46 806 44 907

Robbery 1 508 1 673 1 640Damage to property 49 160 35 170 33 466Fraud, embezzlement 19 163 27 989 26 529Means of payment frauds 4 458 15 124 6 678Manslaughter, murder, killing 110 78 73Attempted manslaughter, murder or killing 308 311 348Assault 33 082 33 769 33 535Sexual exploitation of a child 1 102 1 242 1 168Rape 818 1 160 1 245Drunken driving 21 130 17 308 17 685Offences involving narcotics 19 724 25 082 27 777Alcohol-related offences and infractions 4 053 2 876 1 811

Endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction 503 986 411 724 471 202

1) Offences recorded by the police, Finnish Customs and the Finnish Border Guard 2) Excl. endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction

Bankruptcy petitions

Number

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017

Personnel

Bankruptcies

OFFENCES AND INFRACTIONSSOLVED 2017

644 493

24 Labour Market

Population aged 15 to 74 by activity

2000 2010 2016 2017Population aged 15 to 74, thousand 3 901 4 043 4 109 4 114Labour force 2 589 2 672 2 685 2 707

Employed 2 335 2 447 2 448 2 473Unemployed 253 224 237 234

Inactive population 1 312 1 372 1 424 1 407Labour force rate, % 66.4 66.1 65.3 65.8Unemployment rate, % 9.8 8.4 8.8 8.6Employed 1), thousand 2 335 2 447 2 448 2 473

Type of employment relationship, thousandPart-time work 286 358 399 408Full-time work 2 047 2 087 2 048 2 063

Employer sector, thousandPrivate 1 692 1 774 1 783 1 794Local government 486 510 528 533Central government 151 153 129 141

Status in employment, thousandSelf-employed persons and

unpaid family workers 319 328 344 326Employees 2 016 2 120 2 105 2 147

Annual hours actually worked per employee, hours/yearTotal 1 638 1 584 1 602 1 601Private sector 1 673 1 614 1 626 1 625Public sector 1 563 1 520 1 552 1 547

1) Incl. unknown

Employment rate, persons aged 15 to 64

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016

TotalMales

Females

Share of employed persons of persons aged 15 to 64, %

-17

25Labour Market

Employed persons aged 15 to 74 by industry

2000 2010 2016 2017Thousand persons

Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying 146 115 101 99

Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management 473 388 356 355

Construction 147 172 178 187Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor

vehicles and motorcycles 277 298 290 282Transportation and storage 152 156 141 139Accommodation and food service activities 77 83 85 85Information and communication 89 95 101 106Financial, insurance and real estate activities 70 71 75 81Professional, scientific and technical activities;

administrative and support service activities 184 250 271 283Public administration and defence; compulsory

social security 115 117 111 115Education 165 174 173 181Human health and social work activities 326 379 409 404Arts, entertainment and recreation; other

service activities 109 139 148 152Industry unknown 6 12 8 5Total 2 335 2 447 2 448 2 473

Employees aged 15 to 74 by type of employment relationship

Employees total

Permanent full-time work

Permanent part-time work

Fixed-term work

Males Females Males Females Males FemalesThousand persons

2010 2 120 851 730 58 151 129 2012011 2 143 851 734 67 155 135 2022012 2 146 847 741 66 156 134 2022013 2 127 846 734 61 155 129 2012014 2 105 827 730 67 151 129 2002015 2 090 817 733 71 149 127 1942016 2 105 830 715 69 159 136 1972017 2 147 855 716 68 164 141 204

NUMBER OF LABOURDISPUTES2017

103

AVERAGE NUMBER OF OPEN JOB VACANCIES2017

41 600

26 Labour Market

Unemployed, aged 15 to 74

Thousand persons

0

100

200

300

400

500

1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016

TotalMalesFemales

-17

Unemployment rate

Total Males Females Aged 15 to 24 Long-term Aged 15 to 74 unemployed 1)

% % % % % of unemployed

2010 8.4 9.1 7.6 21.4 23.42011 7.8 8.4 7.1 20.1 22.42012 7.7 8.3 7.1 19.0 21.52013 8.2 8.8 7.5 19.9 21.02014 8.7 9.3 8.0 20.5 22.82015 9.4 9.9 8.8 22.4 24.92016 8.8 9.0 8.6 20.1 26.32017 8.6 8.9 8.4 20.1 24.7

1) Unemployed continuously for 12 months or longer

Commuting

Persons working outside their municipality of residence

Persons working in their municipality of residence

Total % Total %

1990 510 138 21.9 1 822 144 78.12000 611 275 27.4 1 617 282 72.62010 752 242 32.3 1 573 437 67.72011 771 537 32.8 1 582 885 67.22012 770 300 32.9 1 569 604 67.12013 760 939 33.1 1 540 812 66.92014 756 617 33.3 1 517 459 66.72015 758 717 33.6 1 497 742 66.4

AVERAGE COMMUTING DISTANCE 2015

14.1 km

27Manufacturing

Industrial statistics, 2016

Branch of industry Establish- ments

Personnel Value added in production

Thousand € million %

Whole industry 27 164 315 32 908 100Mining and quarrying 970 6 592 1.8Manufacturing 22 851 288 27 319 83.0

Food products, bewerages 2 059 33 2 546 7.7Wearing apparel, leather and related products 1 790 6 413 1.3Forest industry 2 249 36 4 038 12.3Printing and reproduction of recorded media 1 057 7 406 1.2Coke and refined petroleum products 31 3 772 2.3Chemicals and chemical products 398 12 1 889 5.7Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 40 4 1 294 3.9Rubber and plastic products 626 11 1 016 3.1Other non-metallic mineral products 970 12 1 026 3.1Basic metals 180 12 1 361 4.1Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 4 718 36 2 406 7.3Computer, electronic and optical products 630 20 2 559 7.8Electrical equipment 484 15 1 389 4.2Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 1 538 40 3 423 10.4Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 249 7 456 1.4Other transport equipment 375 7 524 1.6Furniture 915 6 321 1.0Other manufacturing 1 358 4 219 0.7Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 3 184 18 1 262 3.8

Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1 481 11 3 585 10.9

Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activites 1 862 10 1 411 4.3

Volume index of industrial output

2015 = 100

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017*

Total industry Forest industry

Chemical industryMetal industry

Electrical and electronics industry

28 National Accounts

Gross domestic product per capita

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

45 000

50 000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

€/inhabitant, at reference year 2017 prices

-17*

Annual change in the volume of gross domestic product

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016* -17*

%

Gross domestic product at market prices

At current prices At reference year 2017 prices

Annual change in volume

€ billion €/inhabitant € billion €/inhabitant %

2010 187.1 34 885 213.6 39 820 3.02011 196.9 36 536 219.1 40 655 2.62012 199.8 36 903 215.9 39 885 -1.42013 203.3 37 385 214.3 39 400 -0.82014 205.5 37 615 212.9 38 983 -0.62015 209.6 38 245 213.2 38 907 0.12016* 215.8 39 265 217.8 39 631 2.12017* 223.8 40 612 223.8 40 612 2.7

29National Accounts

Structural change of the economy

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Agriculture, forestry and fishery

Industry and construction

Services

% of gross value added

-16*

Households’ indebtedness ratio and savings ratio

-30

0

30

60

90

120

150

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17*

% of disposable income

Households' savings ratio

Households' indebtedness ratioincl. households' share of the debts of housing companies

Current account

-9

-6

-3

0

3

6

9

12

15

-9

-6

-3

0

3

6

9

12

15

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17*

€ billion

Current account, % relative to GDPCurrent account, € billion

%

30 National Accounts

Gross value added by region, 2016*

24 936–27 000

27 001–30 000

30 001–31 000

31 001–44 350

19

17

18

1211

13

1006

14

0102

04

15

0907

05 08

16

21

Gross value addedat basic prices€/inhabitant

Whole country €33 750/inhabitant

Region Gross value added Region Gross value added€ million € million

01 Uusimaa 72 259 12 North Karelia 4 28302 Varsinais-Suomi 14 711 13 Central Finland 7 83204 Satakunta 6 832 14 South Ostrobothnia 5 10805 Kanta-Häme 4 873 15 Ostrobothnia 5 98106 Pirkanmaa 15 607 16 Central Ostrobothnia 2 10107 Päijät-Häme 5 565 17 North Ostrobothnia 11 38608 Kymenlaakso 5 288 18 Kainuu 1 87209 South Karelia 4 107 19 Lapland 5 66010 Etelä-Savo 3 914 21 Åland 1 17711 Pohjois-Savo 6 862 Whole country 185 467

Regional division as on 1 January 2017

31Population

Population structure on 31 December

1900 1950 2000 2016 2017

Population, thousandTotal 2 656 4 030 5 181 5 503 5 513Males 1 311 1 926 2 529 2 712 2 719Females 1 345 2 104 2 652 2 791 2 794

Age, % 0–14 35.1 30.0 18.1 16.2 16.215–64 59.6 63.4 66.9 62.9 62.565–84 5.2 6.4 13.5 18.3 18.785– 0.1 0.2 1.5 2.6 2.7

Average age, yearsMales 26.3 28.6 37.7 41.1 41.3Females 27.5 31.6 41.0 43.8 44.0

Language 1), % Finnish 86.8 91.1 92.4 88.3 87.9Swedish 12.9 8.6 5.6 5.3 5.2Sami 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Russian 0.3 0.1 0.5 1.4 1.4Other 0.0 0.1 1.4 5.1 5.4

Marital status, % Single 60.9 53.3 47.1 48.2 48.4

Males 63.0 55.6 51.1 52.1 52.2Females 58.9 50.8 43.2 44.5 44.6

Married 2) 33.6 39.4 38.3 36.3 36.1Males 34.0 41.2 39.2 36.8 36.6Females 33.2 38.0 37.5 35.8 35.7

Divorced and widowed 2) 5.5 7.2 14.6 15.5 15.5Males 3.0 3.2 9.7 11.1 11.2Females 7.9 11.2 19.3 19.7 19.7

Religion, % Evangelical Lutheran Church

of Finland 3) 98.1 95.0 85.1 72.0 70.9Greek Orthodox Church 4) 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1Other 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.6Population Register or unknown - 2.8 12.7 25.3 26.3

1) Finnish and Swedish are the official languages 2) In 2016–2017 incl. registered partnerships 3) Incl. other Lutheran churches 4) Incl. other Orthodox churches

Population projection

2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Population, thousand 5 595 5 769 5 861 5 914 5 979Age, % 0–14 16.2 15.3 14.8 14.6 14.315–64 61.2 59.1 58.9 58.1 56.965–84 19.8 21.8 20.4 20.7 22.285– 2.8 3.8 5.9 6.6 6.7

32 Population

Demographic dependency ratio by municipality, 2017

●

●

●●

●

●

●●

●

●● ●

●

●

●●

●●

●Pori

Oulu

Turku

Lahti

VaasaKuopio

Mikkeli

Kouvola

Kajaani

Kokkola

Tampere

Joensuu

Helsinki

Seinäjoki

Jyväskylä

Rovaniemi

Hämeenlinna Lappeenranta

Mariehamn

0 50 100 kmN

45– 6768– 7475– 8182–105

Persons aged under 15 and 65 orover per one hundred workingage persons (15–64-year-olds)

The dependency ratiowas 60 in the whole country

Regional division as on 1 January 2018

33Population

Age structure of population on 31 December

0– 4 5– 910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99

100–

1917 2017

Age Males Females

200 000 100 000 0 100 000 200 000

Vital statistics

2000 ‰ 1) 2010 ‰ 1) 2017 ‰ 1)

Live births 56 742 11.0 60 980 11.4 50 321 9.1Deaths 49 339 9.5 50 887 9.5 53 722 9.8Excess of births 7 403 1.4 10 093 1.9 -3 401 -0.6Immigration 16 895 3.3 25 636 4.8 *30 217 *5.5Emigration 14 311 2.8 11 905 2.2 *13 231 *2.4Net immigration 2 584 0.5 13 731 2.6 *16 986 *3.1Population growth 9 813 1.9 23 849 4.4 9 833 1.8Marriages

Couples of opposite sex 27 749 5.4 31 925 6.0 25 988 4.7Couples of same sex . . . . . . . . 554 0.1

Registered partnerships . . . . 322 0.1 36 0.0Divorces

Couples of opposite sex 14 096 2.7 13 807 2.6 13 483 2.4Couples of same sex . . . . . . . . 2 0.0

Divorces from registered partnerships . . . . 64 0.0 131 0.0

1) Per thousand mean population

34 Population

Development of population

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 -17

Million persons

Finnish War

Great FamineCholera years

Civil War

SecondWorld War

Emigration to Sweden

Live births and deaths

Thousand persons

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017

Live births

Deaths

Migration

Thousand persons

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017*

Immigration

Emigration

Net immigration

35Population

Population by origin, country of birth and language, 2016

Persons with Finnish background 5 138 510

Country of birth Finland

5 087 809

Country of birth foreign countries

50 701

Mother tongue:Finnish 4 802 149Swedish 277 224Sami 1 898Other language 6 538

Persons with foreign background 364 787

Population 31.12.2016 5 503 297

Mother tongue:Finnish 38 266Swedish 6 643Sami 30Other language 5 762

Country of birth Finland 57 947

Country of birth foreign countries

306 840

Mother tongue:Finnish 10 539Swedish 982Sami 9Other language 46 417

Mother tongue:Finnish 6 841Swedish 4 691Sami 32Other language 295 276

Population by language on 31 December

2014 2015 2016 2017

Finnish 4 868 751 4 865 628 4 857 795 4 848 761Swedish 290 747 290 161 289 540 289 052Sami 1 949 1 957 1 969 1 992Other languages total 310 306 329 562 353 993 373 325

Russian 69 614 72 436 75 444 77 177Estonian 46 195 48 087 49 241 49 590Arabic 14 825 16 713 21 783 26 467Somali 16 721 17 871 19 059 20 007English 16 732 17 784 18 758 19 626Kurdish 10 731 11 271 12 226 13 327Persian, Farsi 8 103 8 745 10 882 12 090Chinese 10 110 10 722 11 334 11 825Albanian 8 754 9 233 9 791 10 391Vietnamese 7 532 8 273 9 248 9 872

Total 5 471 753 5 487 308 5 503 297 5 513 130

36 Population

Foreigners in Finland

Country of citizenship

2016 % 2017 % Annual change, %

Estonia 51 499 21.1 51 539 20.7 0.1Russia 30 970 12.7 29 183 11.7 -5.8Iraq 9 813 4.0 11 729 4.7 19.5China 8 480 3.5 8 742 3.5 3.1Sweden 8 040 3.3 8 018 3.2 -0.3Thailand 7 487 3.1 7 533 3.0 0.6Somalia 7 018 2.9 6 677 2.7 -4.9Afghanistan 5 294 2.2 5 792 2.3 9.4Viet Nam 5 253 2.2 5 603 2.2 6.7Syrian Arab Republic 3 355 1.4 5 290 2.1 57.7Others 106 430 43.7 109 346 43.8 2.7Total 243 639 100 249 452 100 2.4

Finnish citizenships 1) granted

Country of previous citizenship

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Russia 2 477 2 103 2 317 1 728 2 028Somalia 609 814 834 955 1 066Iraq 457 521 405 560 534Estonia 521 436 382 420 459Afghanistan 510 479 251 242 376Turkey 278 271 257 229 264Viet Nam 150 150 114 146 225Iran, Islamic Republic of 451 341 219 140 222Sweden 190 146 186 165 206India 117 99 152 137 193Others 3 327 3 570 3 143 3 199 3 802Total 9 087 8 930 8 260 7 921 9 375

1) Persons permanently resident in Finland

Asylum-seekers and refugee quota

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Asylum-seekers 3 238 3 651 32 476 5 651 5 046Decisions on asylum 1)

Asylum granted 556 501 1 112 4 586 2 528Residence permit granted 2) 1 271 845 767 3 159 1 256No asylum or residence permit granted 3) 1 903 2 050 1 307 14 282 3 996

Family reunificationPositive decisions 875 1 094 986 1 179 2 080Negative decisions 1 692 1 035 406 283 619

Refugee quota 750 1 050 1 050 750 750

1) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service 2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary protection 3) Change in the statistical practice from the beginning of 2015

37Population

Life expectancy

Age 2000 2010 2017*Males Females Males Females Males FemalesYears

0 74.1 81.0 76.7 83.2 78.7 84.210 64.6 71.4 67.0 73.5 68.9 74.420 54.8 61.5 57.2 63.6 59.1 64.530 45.4 51.7 47.8 53.8 49.6 54.740 36.1 42.1 38.3 44.0 40.0 45.050 27.3 32.7 29.3 34.6 30.8 35.360 19.2 23.7 21.1 25.5 22.1 26.270 12.1 15.2 13.8 17.0 14.6 17.680 6.6 8.2 7.6 9.4 8.1 9.9

Families, 2016

Allfamilies

Average size of family

Families with childrenaged 0–17

aged 0–6

Total 1 475 583 2.8 569 676 284 285Married couple without children 529 697 2.0 . .Married couple with children 418 032 4.0 334 861 168 007Cohabiting couple without children 218 439 2.0 . .Cohabiting couple with children 123 321 3.7 111 307 71 191Mother with children 151 459 2.5 105 693 41 431Father with children 31 951 2.3 17 164 3 187Registered male couple 1) 1 052 2.0 7 3Registered female couple 1) 1 632 2.6 644 466

1) Incl. registered partnerships with children

Families with children and the number of children, 2016

Number of children aged 0–17

Families with children

% Number of children

%

Total 569 676 100 1 051 285 1001 child 244 159 42.9 244 159 23.22 children 220 801 38.8 441 602 42.03 children 75 489 13.3 226 467 21.54+ children 29 227 5.1 139 057 13.2

AVERAGE AGE AT FIRST CONFINEMENT 2017

29.2years

SHARE OF RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES AMONG FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN2016

9.1%

38 Population

Population data by region 1)

Population density

inh ./km2

Population Annual change %

Share of total population %

Excess of births ‰ 2)

1 .1 .2018 31 .12 .2017 2017 2017 2017Uusimaa 182 1 655 624 1.1 30.0 2.7Varsinais-Suomi 45 477 677 0.4 8.7 -1.6Satakunta 28 220 398 -0.6 4.0 -4.5Kanta-Häme 33 172 720 -0.6 3.1 -2.2Pirkanmaa 41 512 081 0.5 9.3 -0.2Päijät-Häme 39 201 228 -0.2 3.6 -3.2Kymenlaakso 34 175 511 -1.2 3.2 -5.8South Karelia 24 129 865 -0.5 2.4 -5.2Etelä-Savo 10 147 194 -1.2 2.7 -7.7Pohjois-Savo 15 246 653 -0.5 4.5 -3.5North Karelia 9 162 986 -0.7 3.0 -4.6Central Finland 17 276 031 -0.1 5.0 -1.7South Ostrobothnia 14 190 910 -0.5 3.5 -1.7Ostrobothnia 23 180 945 -0.3 3.3 -0.1Central Ostrobothnia 14 68 780 -0.4 1.2 1.2North Ostrobothnia 11 411 856 0.2 7.5 2.8Kainuu 4 73 959 -1.1 1.3 -6.1Lapland 2 179 223 -0.5 3.3 -3.5Åland 19 29 489 0.9 0.5 1.5Whole country 18 5 513 130 0.2 100 -0.6

1) Regional division as on 1 January 2018 2) Per thousand mean poplulation

Population in the largest municipalities 1)

Population Annual change, %

Population Annual change, %

31 .12 .2017 2017 31 .12 .2017 2017

Helsinki 643 272 1.3 Rovaniemi 62 420 0.3Espoo 279 044 1.6 Mikkeli 54 261 -0.5Tampere 231 853 1.6 Kotka 53 539 -1.2Vantaa 223 027 1.7 Salo 52 984 -1.0Oulu 201 810 0.6 Porvoo 50 159 0.0Turku 189 669 1.1 Kokkola 47 723 0.0Jyväskylä 140 188 1.0 Lohja 46 785 -0.8Lahti 119 573 0.1 Hyvinkää 46 739 0.3Kuopio 118 209 0.4 Järvenpää 42 572 2.5Pori 84 587 -0.6 Nurmijärvi 42 159 0.4Kouvola 84 196 -1.3 Rauma 39 620 0.0Joensuu 76 067 0.3 Kirkkonummi 39 170 0.4Lappeenranta 72 909 0.1 Tuusula 38 646 0.2Hämeenlinna 67 662 -0.3 Kajaani 37 239 -0.8Vaasa 67 392 -0.3 Kerava 35 554 0.1Seinäjoki 62 676 1.0 Savonlinna 34 664 -1.6

1) The total number of municipalities 311. Regional division as on 1 January 2018.

39Prices and Costs

Consumer price index 2015 = 100

2016 2017 Annual change, %

Total index 100.4 101.1 0.7Food and non-alcoholic beverages 98.9 97.9 -0.9Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 101.0 104.1 3.0Clothing and footwear 99.4 98.2 -1.2Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 100.5 101.9 1.3Furnishings, household equipment and

routine maintenance of the house 99.7 99.5 -0.2Health 106.8 108.7 1.7Transport 99.8 102.4 2.6Communication 100.8 99.1 -1.8Recreation and culture 99.4 98.6 -0.7Education 102.3 104.0 1.6Restaurants and hotels 101.7 103.7 1.9Miscellaneous goods and services 99.7 100.0 0.2

Inflation

Consumer price index: average annual change, %

-5

0

5

10

15

20

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17

Cost-of-living index

1951:10 = 100

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017

40 Prices and Costs

Average prices of commodities

2014 2015 2016 2017€ € € €

Low fat milk 1 l 1.10 1.03 1.01 0.99Butter 500 g 2.87 2.48 2.46 2.58Rapeseed oil 1 l 3.66 3.61 3.61 3.62Cheese, Emmenthal 1 kg 14.02 14.52 13.85 13.75Quark 250 g 1.36 1.28 1.23 1.18Eggs 1 kg 3.68 3.60 3.45 3.27Macaroni 400 g 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36Wheat flour 2 kg 1.36 1.35 1.32 1.30Crispbread 1 kg 5.05 4.99 5.07 5.14Minced beef 1 kg 10.20 10.11 9.95 9.95Beef topside 1 kg 16.74 16.21 16.07 15.99Chicken breast fillet 1 kg 13.47 13.18 13.02 12.84Sausage 1 kg 4.94 4.64 4.30 4.26Rainbow trout, whole 1 kg 9.56 8.50 9.70 12.22Tuna fish, tinned 150 g 1.81 1.75 1.79 1.78Coffee, packaged 500 g 3.59 3.87 3.66 3.99Caster sugar 1 kg 1.08 0.93 0.89 0.88Block of chocolate 200 g 2.22 2.31 2.36 2.14Ice cream package 1 l 2.51 2.50 2.47 1.81Potato 1 kg 0.87 0.93 0.97 0.85Pot-grown lettuce ea 1.10 1.16 1.13 1.13Tomatoes 1 kg 3.25 3.19 3.03 2.92Cucumbers 1 kg 2.57 2.50 2.47 2.46Oranges 1 kg 1.53 1.55 1.61 1.67Bananas 1 kg 1.69 1.67 1.48 1.45Salted nuts 200 g 1.68 1.75 1.84 1.81Washing-up liquid 1 l 4.45 4.47 4.27 4.30Petrol 95 E10 1 l 1.61 1.46 1.38 1.46Diesel 1 l 1.48 1.30 1.19 1.30Cinema ticket ea 11.22 11.36 11.77 12.17

Real price development of selected food items

1994 = 100

0

50

100

150

200

250

1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

Poultry meatCoffeePotatoVegetablesFresh fish

2017

41Science, Technology and Information Society

Research and development expenditure

€ billion

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2)

Business enterprises

Public sector 1)

University sector

1) Incl. private non-profit sector 2) Estimate

Prevalence of equipment and connections in households 1)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017% of households

Flat screen TV 76 81 85 86 87Full HD TV 41 49 53 58 59Smart TV . . 19 24 30 34TV pay card 26 26 25 22 21IPTV 12 14 17 20 22Home theatre 24 22 22 22 19Digital camera 2) 67 63 60 56 50Camera copter . . . . . . 2 2PC 90 90 90 91 90

Laptop 77 78 78 79 79Tablet 22 39 51 56 59

Printer or scanner 60 60 61 58 60Mobile broadband 53 57 67 68 72Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 50 54 62 66 68Wearable smart device . . 5 13 18 22Landline telephone (subscription) 14 12 9 9 7Smartphone 60 69 76 82 87GPS tracking device in car 31 35 32 32 30

1) The age of the household target person is between 15 and 74 2) Incl. digital video camera

OF PENSIONERS, 32% HAVE NEVER USED THE INTERNET 2017

42 Social Protection

Social protection expenditure by function

2010 2015 2016 € million % € million % € million %

Sickness and health 13 468 24.6 15 684 23.4 15 450 22.4Disability 6 427 11.7 6 752 10.1 6 741 9.8Old age 19 171 35.0 26 314 39.2 27 693 40.1Survivors 1 724 3.1 1 754 2.6 1 789 2.6Family and children 5 845 10.7 6 618 9.9 6 632 9.6Unemployment 4 370 8.0 5 561 8.3 5 588 8.1Housing 923 1.7 1 450 2.2 1 644 2.4Other social protection 1 425 2.6 1 849 2.8 2 374 3.4Administration 1 480 2.7 1 153 1.7 1 147 1.7Total 54 832 100 67 133 100 69 058 100

% relative to GDP 29.3 32.0 32.0

Parental allowances

2000 2010 2016 2017Total, € million 478.5 957.5 993.5 934.4Maternity allowance 181.2 382.8 374.3 354.8Paternity allowance 26.6 67.2 112.7 108.6Parental allowance, € millionPaid to mothers 266.2 483.6 495.3 460.0Paid to fathers 4.5 23.9 11.3 11.0Beneficiaries, numberMothers 97 400 103 600 92 900 87 900Fathers 42 900 56 400 61 800 61 200DaysTotal, thousand 15 232 16 668 15 386 14 475Fathers, % 4.2 7.1 9.5 10.0

Beneficiaries of general housing allowance on 31 December

Household, thousand

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Other householdsCouples without children

Two-provider familiesSingle-provider families

Persons living alone

-17 1)

Families with children:

1) From 2017 incl. students

43Social Protection

Recipients of unemployment benefits on 31 December 2017

60–64

55–59

50–54

45–49

40–44

35–39

30–34

25–29

20–24

17–19

Basic allowanceincl. labour market support

Earnings-related allowance

Males FemalesAge

30 000 20 000 10 000 0 10 000 20 000 30 000

Pension beneficiaries

Earnings-related allowance 2000 2010 2016 2017Old-age pension 869 672 1 093 267 1 299 958 1 339 991Unemployment pension 54 291 33 938 - -Disability pension 276 269 267 248 214 046 206 048Part-time pension 24 533 28 764 10 388 7 244Special pensions for farmers 40 845 24 330 13 615 12 026Surviving spouse’s pension 252 798 263 176 254 437 253 011Orphan’s pension 28 476 22 503 18 310 17 444Total 1) 1 284 145 1 463 835 1 558 900 1 585 582

1) The same individual may be the beneficiary of more than one type of pension

Total pension distribution among pension beneficiaries 1)

on 31 December 2017

Total pension All beneficiaries Males Females€/month % % %

0– 799 165 004 11.2 65 360 9.8 99 644 12.4 800–1 099 248 143 16.9 86 674 13.0 161 469 20.11 100–1 399 295 579 20.1 107 402 16.1 188 177 23.41 400–1 699 218 314 14.8 93 091 14.0 125 223 15.61 700–1 999 176 010 12.0 85 506 12.8 90 504 11.32 000–2 299 120 753 8.2 66 021 9.9 54 732 6.82 300–2 599 78 716 5.4 46 220 6.9 32 496 4.02 600–2 899 52 086 3.5 32 292 4.9 19 794 2.52 900–3 199 33 719 2.3 22 307 3.4 11 412 1.43 200– 81 853 5.6 60 934 9.2 20 919 2.6Total 1 470 177 100 665 807 100 804 370 100Average pension, €/month 1 656 1 874 1 4761) People living in Finland who receive old-age (excl. partial old-age), disability or special farmer’s pension

44 Trade

Volume indices of trade

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017*

2015 = 100

Sale of motor vehicles

Retail tradeWholesale trade

Turnover of trade

2014 2015 2016 € million % € million % € million %

Sale of motor vehicles 14 901 13 15 178 13 16 487 14Wholesale trade 1) 63 935 55 61 468 54 61 747 53Retail trade 1) 38 010 33 37 471 33 37 355 32Total 116 846 100 114 117 100 115 589 100

1) Excl. sale of motor vehicles and motorcycles

Imports, exports and trade balance

-20

0

20

40

60

80

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

€ billion

ExportsImports

Trade balance

-17*

45Trade

Biggest import and export countries 1), 2017*

Imports Exports € million % € million %

Germany 9 612 15.5 Germany 8 484 14.2Russia 8 201 13.2 Sweden 6 133 10.3Sweden 6 849 11.0 Netherlands 4 103 6.9China 4 560 7.3 United States 4 052 6.8Netherlands 3 451 5.6 Russia 3 415 5.7France 2 340 3.8 China 3 392 5.7United States 1 935 3.1 United Kingdom 2 689 4.5United Kingdom 1 830 2.9 Belgium 1 963 3.3Poland 1 823 2.9 France 1 820 3.1Estonia 1 823 2.9 Estonia 1 798 3.0Other countries 19 628 31.6 Other countries 21 706 36.4Total 62 051 100 Total 59 554 100

1) Imports by country of origin, exports by country of destination

Imports and exports by product category, 2017*

€ million %ImportsChemical industry products 10 908 17.6Electrical and electronics industry products 8 795 14.2Transport equipment 7 291 11.8Products from mining and quarrying 7 127 11.5Machinery and equipment 5 261 8.5Other 22 668 36.5Total 62 051 100

ExportsForest industry products 11 917 20.0Chemical industry products 11 396 19.1Metal and metal products 8 853 14.9Machinery and equipment 7 752 13.0Electrical and electronics industry products 7 070 11.9Other 12 566 21.1Total 59 554 100

SHARE OF THE EURO AREA IN FINLAND’S EXPORTS 2017 preliminary data

39%

SHARE OF EXPORTS OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS2017 preliminary data

6.7%

46 Transport and Tourism

Transport

Transport network, km 1990 2000 2010 2017Length of railway line 1) 5 846 5 854 5 919 5 926Length of tram line 88 84 91 98Length of underground line 16 21 21 35Highways 2) 76 407 77 993 78 162 77 993Coastal waterways 7 690 9 261 10 073 10 350Inland waterways 9 460 8 894 9 747 9 818Passengers by mode of transport, millionRailway transport 46.0 54.8 69.0 85.7Tramway transport 48.6 56.7 54.5 60.2Underground transport 35.4 51.9 57.1 67.5Bus and motor coach transport 3) . . . . 339.8 . .Taxi traffic . . . . 57.0 . .Water transport 4) 14.0 20.7 21.7 23.8Air transport 4) 11.3 13.8 16.5 22.7

1) State railway line 2) Roads maintained by the Finnish Transport Agency (31 Dec.), excl. ramps and ferry routes 3) Incl. charter transport, excl. private transport 4) National and international

Registered vehicles on 31 December

1990 2000 2010 1) 2017 1)

Passenger cars 1 938 856 2 134 728 2 877 484 3 422 792per thousand inhabitants 388 412 535 621

Lorries and vans 264 157 304 318 464 408 604 485Buses, coaches 9 327 9 852 13 650 18 115Special automobiles 20 719 16 924 12 646 11 333All automobiles 2 233 059 2 465 822 3 368 188 4 056 725Motorcycles 60 170 90 877 226 877 269 729Tractors 316 870 332 584 376 807 434 174All vehicles 3 146 308 3 697 037 5 331 582 6 474 7831) Incl. vehicles temporarily decommissioned from traffic

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Million

All vehiclesAll automobilesPassenger cars

2017

47Transport and Tourism

Persons killed in road traffic accidentsNumber

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17*

Number of overnight stays by foreigners at accommodation establishments 1)

Country of domicile 2016 % 2017* % Annual change, %

Russia 697 596 12.1 821 698 12.2 17.8Germany 540 342 9.4 622 991 9.2 15.3Sweden 549 292 9.5 597 339 8.9 8.7United Kingdom 500 738 8.7 585 814 8.7 17.0China 231 573 4.0 313 203 4.6 35.3France 249 997 4.3 280 069 4.2 12.0United States 231 708 4.0 268 723 4.0 16.0Other 2 770 029 48.0 3 252 997 48.2 17.4Total 5 771 275 100 6 742 834 100 16.81) Accommodation establishments with at least 20 bed places or caravan pitches with electrical connection points, as well as hostels

Finns’ leisure trips 1) abroad

Country of destination 2016 % 2017 % Annual change, %

Estonia 1 476 000 24.2 1 521 000 23.3 3.0Spain 745 000 12.2 781 000 12.0 4.8Sweden 708 000 11.6 696 000 10.7 -1.7Germany 268 000 4.4 289 000 4.4 7.8Russia 268 000 4.4 288 000 4.4 7.5United Kingdom 209 000 3.4 248 000 3.8 18.7Greece 184 000 3.0 247 000 3.8 34.2Other 2 244 000 36.8 2 449 000 37.6 9.1Total 6 102 000 100 6 519 000 100 6.81) Trips with overnight stays in the destination country made by the population aged 15 to 84

AVERAGE AGE OF PASSENGER CARS IN TRAFFIC2017

12years

48 Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs

Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes

%

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -17*

Index of wage and salary earnings

Index of real wage and salary earnings

Overall index of wage and salary earnings

1964 = 100

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

4 000

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

All wage and salary earnersPrivate

Central governmentLocal government

-17*

Total earnings by employer sector, 2016

Employer sector Full-time employeesTotal Median of total earnings, €/month

Total Men Women

Private 912 960 3 076 3 313 2 777Local government 364 730 2 745 3 154 2 686Central government 67 170 3 600 3 908 3 187Total 1 344 860 3 001 3 328 2 748

49Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs

Total earnings 1) by level of education and age, 2016

15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–69Age1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000Median of total earnings, €/month

Doctorate or equivalent level tertiary education

Higher-degree level tertiary educationLower-degree level tertiary education

Lowest level tertiary education

Upper secondary level educationLower secondary leveleducation

1) Full-time employees

Total earnings by occupation, 2016

Category of occupation Full-time employeesTotal Median of total earnings,

€/monthTotal Men Women

Managers 44 657 5 920 6 282 5 192Administrative and commercial managers 1 671 6 445 6 405 6 656

Professionals 313 064 3 970 4 389 3 670Medical doctors 12 406 6 954 7 430 6 647Primary school and early childhood teachers 38 983 3 006 3 574 2 890

Technicians and associate professionals 329 785 3 166 3 583 2 898Nursing and midwifery associate professionals 51 021 2 954 3 254 2 928Sales and purchasing agents and brokers 42 330 3 804 4 048 3 459

Clerical support workers 96 801 2 614 2 718 2 591Numerical clerks 21 368 2 690 2 743 2 682

Service and sales workers 244 087 2 400 2 580 2 353Personal care workers 113 721 2 390 2 504 2 383

Craft and related trades workers 115 676 2 876 2 908 2 559Plant and machine operators, and

assemblers 107 314 2 938 3 024 2 566

50 International Comparison Data

Area and population

Area Population Population growth

Life expectancy yearskm2 million %/year

2016 2016 2010–2016 2017

Finland 338 444 5.5 0.5 81Sweden 438 574 9.9 0.8 82Norway 323 772 5.2 1.1 82Denmark 42 921 5.7 0.5 80Iceland 103 000 0.3 0.7 83

Argentina 2 780 400 43.6 1.1 77Australia 7 692 024 24.1 1.5 82Austria 83 882 8.7 0.6 82Belgium 30 528 11.3 0.6 81Brazil 8 515 767 206.1 0.9 74Canada 1) 9 985 000 36.3 1.1 82Chile 756 102 18.2 1.0 79China 9 600 000 1) 1 371.2 . . 76Czech Republic 78 870 10.6 0.1 79Egypt 1 002 000 91.0 2.4 73Estonia 45 227 1.3 -0.2 77France 551 500 64.7 0.5 82Germany 357 386 82.3 0.1 81Greece 131 957 10.8 -0.5 81Hungary 93 022 9.8 -0.3 76India 3 287 263 2) 1 213.4 . . 69Indonesia 1 910 931 258.7 1.4 73Ireland 69 825 4.8 0.6 81Israel 22 072 1) 8.4 . . 83Italy 302 073 60.6 0.4 82Japan 377 930 127.0 -0.1 85Latvia 64 573 2.0 -1.1 75Lithuania 65 286 2.9 -1.2 75Luxembourg 2 586 0.6 2.1 82Mexico 1 964 375 122.3 1.1 76Netherlands 41 542 17.0 0.4 81New Zealand 268 107 4.7 1.3 81Nigeria 923 768 193.4 3.2 54Pakistan 796 095 1) 191.7 . . 68Poland 312 679 38.0 0.0 78Portugal 92 226 10.3 -0.4 79Russia 17 098 246 3) 143.5 . . 71South Africa 1 221 037 55.9 1.5 64Spain 505 944 46.5 0.0 82Switzerland 41 291 8.4 1.0 83Turkey 780 004 79.3 . . 75Ukraine 603 500 42.5 -1.2 72United Kingdom 242 495 65.6 0.7 81United States 9 833 517 323.1 0.7 80

1) 2015 – 2) 2012 – 3) 2013

51International Comparison Data

Gross national income, inflation and unemployment

GNI per capita Inflation Unem- ploymentPurchasing power

parity, USDUSD % %2016 2016 2017 2017

Finland 45 050 43 780 0.8 8.6Sweden 54 480 49 420 1.8 6.7Norway 82 390 61 920 1.9 4.2Denmark 57 020 50 290 1.1 5.7Iceland 56 790 51 170 1.8 2.8

Argentina 11 970 19 500 25.7 8.7Australia 54 230 45 210 1.9 5.7Austria 45 870 50 530 2.1 5.5Belgium 41 860 45 900 2.1 7.1Brazil 8 840 14 810 3.4 12.9Canada 43 680 44 020 1.6 6.4Chile 13 540 22 540 2.2 7.0China 8 250 15 470 1.6 4.7Czech Republic 17 530 32 350 2.5 2.9Egypt 3 410 10 980 23.5 12.1Estonia 17 760 29 040 3.4 5.8France 38 720 42 000 1.0 9.4Germany 43 940 49 690 1.7 3.8Greece 19 050 27 150 1.1 21.5Hungary 12 570 25 360 2.3 4.2India 1 670 6 490 2.5 3.5Indonesia 3 400 11 220 3.8 4.3Ireland 52 010 56 920 0.3 6.7Israel . . 36 810 0.2 4.3Italy 31 720 38 460 1.2 1) 11.7Japan 37 930 43 540 0.5 2.8Latvia 14 570 25 530 2.9 8.7Lithuania 14 770 28 680 3.7 7.1Luxembourg 71 590 69 640 1.7 5.6Mexico 9 040 17 160 6.0 3.5Netherlands 46 610 49 930 1.4 4.9New Zealand 38 740 37 190 1.9 4.9Nigeria 2 450 5 740 16.5 7.0Pakistan 1 500 5 560 4.1 4.0Poland 12 680 26 300 2.1 4.9Portugal 19 880 29 940 1.4 9.0Russia 9 720 24 120 3.7 5.2South Africa 5 480 12 830 5.2 27.7Spain 27 580 36 300 2.0 17.2Switzerland 81 240 63 810 0.5 4.8Turkey 11 230 24 980 11.1 10.9Ukraine 2 310 8 190 14.4 9.5United Kingdom 42 360 41 640 2.7 4.4United States 56 810 58 700 2.1 4.4

1) 2016

52 International Comparison Data

General government deficit/surplus and debt

EU Member State2018

Deficit/surplus, % relative to GDP

Debt, % relative to GDP

2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017Austria -1.0 -1.6 -0.7 84.6 83.6 78.4Belgium -2.5 -2.5 -1.0 106.1 105.9 103.1Bulgaria -1.6 0.2 0.9 26.0 29.0 25.4Croatia -3.4 -0.9 0.8 83.8 80.6 78.0Cyprus -1.3 0.3 1.8 107.5 106.6 97.5Czech Republic -0.6 0.7 1.6 40.0 36.8 34.6Denmark -1.5 -0.4 1.0 39.9 37.9 36.4Estonia 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 10.0 9.4 9.0Finland -2.8 -1.8 -0.6 63.5 63.0 61.4France -3.6 -3.4 -2.6 95.6 96.6 97.0Germany 0.8 1.0 1.3 71.0 68.2 64.1Greece -5.7 0.6 0.8 176.8 180.8 178.6Hungary -1.9 -1.7 -2.0 76.7 76.0 73.6Ireland -1.9 -0.5 -0.3 76.9 72.8 68.0Italy -2.6 -2.5 -2.3 131.5 132.0 131.8Latvia -1.4 0.1 -0.5 36.8 40.5 40.1Lithuania -0.2 0.3 0.5 42.6 40.1 39.7Luxembourg 1.4 1.6 1.5 22.0 20.8 23.0Malta -1.1 1.0 3.9 58.7 56.2 50.8Netherlands -2.1 0.4 1.1 64.6 61.8 56.7Poland -2.6 -2.3 -1.7 51.1 54.2 50.6Portugal -4.4 -2.0 -3.0 128.8 129.9 125.7Romania -0.8 -3.0 -2.9 37.7 37.4 35.0Slovakia -2.7 -2.2 -1.0 52.3 51.8 50.9Slovenia -2.9 -1.9 0.0 82.6 78.6 73.6Spain -5.3 -4.5 -3.1 99.4 99.0 98.3Sweden 0.2 1.2 1.3 44.2 42.1 40.6United Kingdom -4.3 -3.0 -1.9 88.2 88.2 87.7

Tax rate, 2016*Tax revenue as % of gross domestic product

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%IrelandTurkey

United StatesCanada

United KingdomSpain

Czech RepublicPortugalEstonia

GermanyNorwayGreece

HungaryAustria

ItalySwedenFinland

BelgiumFrance

Denmark

0 100

Oulu

Rovaniemi

Kokkola

Kajaani

Vaasa

SeinäjokiKuopio

Joensuu

Pori Tampere

Jyväskylä

Mikkeli

LappeenrantaLahti

Mariehamn

TurkuHelsinki

KouvolaHämeenlinna

Regions by regional division as on 1 January 2018Town locations: National Land Survey of Finland

Suomi Finland

1917 Finland’s independence

1948 Member of the World Bank

1948 Member of the IMF

1955 Member of the UN

1955 Member of the Nordic Council

1961 Associate member of the EFTA

1969 Member of the OECD

1986 Full member of the EFTA

1989 Member of the Council of Europe

1995 Member of the European Union

2002 Introduction of the euro

2017 Finland 100 years

Editing: Cover photograph: shutterstock.comCommunication and Cover designed by: Irene MatisInformation Services Infographs designed by: Hilkka LehtonenInformation products

Printed by: Publication orders:Grano Oy, Helsinki 2018 Edita Publishing Oy

tel. +358 20 450 05editapublishing.fi

© 2018 Statistics Finland

Quoting is encouraged provided Statistics Finland is acknowledged as the source.

ISSN 2242−8496 (pdf)ISBN 978−952−244−604−6 (pdf) ISSN 0357−0371 (print)ISBN 978−952−244−603−9 (print)Product number 3056 (print)

FINLAND IN FIGURES 2018

FOLLOW US – NEWS NOTIFICATIONS, SOCIAL MEDIA”

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