Focus onFocus onComplementary and Complementary and Alternative Alternative TherapiesTherapies

(Relates to Chapter 7, “Complementary and Alternative Therapies,” in the textbook)

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Most Common Types of Most Common Types of CAMCAM

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eFig. 7-1. Most commonly used complementary and alternative therapies by Americans

3

Biomedical versus Biomedical versus Integrative Health Care Integrative Health Care ModelModel

Biomedical Biomedical ModelModel Integrative ModelIntegrative Model

Focus on physical bodyFocus on physical body Focus on mind–body–spiritFocus on mind–body–spirit

Focus on treatment of Focus on treatment of symptoms using drugs and symptoms using drugs and surgerysurgery

Focus on self-healing of Focus on self-healing of body using herbs, nutrition, body using herbs, nutrition, stress managementstress management

Health care provider Health care provider directs caredirects care

Individual directs care; Individual directs care; encourages personal encourages personal responsibility for healthresponsibility for health

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4

Biomedical versus Biomedical versus Integrative Health Care Integrative Health Care ModelModel

Biomedical ModelBiomedical Model Integrative ModelIntegrative Model

Focus on disease statesFocus on disease states Focus on health and wellnessFocus on health and wellness

Technologic, invasiveTechnologic, invasive NoninvasiveNoninvasive

Increasing costIncreasing cost Lower costLower cost

Little focus on preventionLittle focus on prevention Focus on preventionFocus on prevention

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Whole Medical Whole Medical SystemsSystemsTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM)

AyurvedaHomeopathyNaturopathy

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Traditional Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)Medicine (TCM)Interventions include

AcupunctureAcupressureChinese herbology

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Acupuncture Acupuncture TreatmentTreatment

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Fig. 7-1. Acupuncture. Placement of acupuncture needles for thetreatment of numbness in the arms related to damage of neck vertebrae.

Conditions That May Conditions That May Benefit from Benefit from Acupuncture Acupuncture Pain managementHeadacheInsomniaNausea/vomiting

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In responding to a patient who comes to the clinic and requests an acupuncturist for treatment of asthma, the nurse recognizes that:1. Asthma is a disorder that should not be treated with acupuncture because of the risk for respiratory complications.2. Application of acupuncture needles stimulates or blocks specific superficial nerves to alter physiologic function.3. Stimulation of specific acupoints can balance the energies of yin and yang to increase Qi and improve lung function.4. Effective treatment of any disorder by acupuncture requires that the patient believe strongly in the concepts of Chinese medicine.

Audience Response Question

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Mind–Body Mind–Body InterventionsInterventionsPrayer

MeditativeRitualisticColloquial Intercessory

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Mind–Body Mind–Body InterventionsInterventionsRelaxation breathingMeditationBiofeedbackImageryHypnosis

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Mind–Body Mind–Body InterventionsInterventionsMusic therapyArt therapyJournalingAnimal-assisted therapy (AAT)

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Biologic-Based Biologic-Based TherapiesTherapiesHerbal therapyDietary supplementsNutritional therapyAromatherapy

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Commonly Used Dietary Commonly Used Dietary SupplementsSupplementsChondroitin sulfateCoenzyme Q10

Fish oil/omega-3 fatty acids

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Commonly Used Dietary Commonly Used Dietary SupplementsSupplementsGlucosamineProbioticsMelatonin

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Manipulative and Body-Manipulative and Body-Based MethodsBased MethodsChiropractic therapyAcupressureMassage therapyYoga

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Hand Massage Hand Massage

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Fig. 7-3. Hand massage can be a helpful tool to calmdown an agitated or nervous patient.

Energy TherapiesEnergy TherapiesTherapeutic touch (TT)Healing touchReiki

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Gerontologic Gerontologic ConsiderationsConsiderationsHerbs commonly used by older adultsGinkgo bilobaGinsengSt. John’s wortSaw palmettoEchinacea

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Gerontologic Gerontologic ConsiderationsConsiderationsSafety concerns

Age-related changesPolypharmacy

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Nurse’s RoleNurse’s RoleAssessmentPromoting safety and serving as a resource

Providing holistic self-care and holistic nursing practice

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Nurse’s RoleNurse’s RoleServing as a providerParticipating in research

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Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions What are you doing to

maintain or improve your health and wellness?

How involved are you in planning and carrying out your health-related care?

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Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions What is your view of the

ideal relationship between yourself and your health care provider?

Are you using any vitamin, mineral, dietary, or herbal supplements?

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Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions Do you have any

conditions that have not responded to conventional medicine?

If so, have you tried any other approaches?

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Assessment QuestionsAssessment Questions Are you interested in

obtaining information about alternative or complementary approaches?

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When obtaining a health history, the nurse knows that it is most important to assess the patient’s use of herbs to:1. Evaluate the effectiveness of the products.2. Teach the patient about the safe use of herbs.3. Determine the risk for drug-herb interactions.4. Confirm the patient’s desire for more holistic health care.

Audience Response Question

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Case StudyCase Study

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Case StudyCase Study55-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with stage I infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Her diagnosis came following abnormalities seen on a routine mammogram.

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Case StudyCase StudyShe is asymptomatic and states “she feels just fine.”

She does not want to have a mastectomy and is concerned about the side effects of cancer treatments.

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

1. What should the priorities of care be for her?

2. What patient teaching should you discuss with her before she begins treatment?

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions3. She recently read an

article about a celebrity who used alternative therapies for her cancer. She asks you what therapies you would recommend.◦ How should you counsel her?

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