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TRANSCRIPT
M2P2 Task Force Focus
¥ Health Care
¥ Dental
¥ Electrical Users/Manufactures
¥ Chemical Users/Manufacturers
¥ General Public
¥ Automobile Sector
¥ Utilities
1 fever thermometer = 2/3 gram1 fever thermometer = 2/3 gram
1 thermostat = ~4 grams1 thermostat = ~4 grams
1lb.= 454 grams = ~100 thermostats1lb.= 454 grams = ~100 thermostats
1 thermostat = ~200 Fluorescent1 thermostat = ~200 Fluorescent
lampslamps
1 gram = bead size of a pencil1 gram = bead size of a pencil
erasereraser
Elemental Hg reacts violently withElemental Hg reacts violently with
Ammonia and dry BromineAmmonia and dry Bromine
Mercury Facts
Unusual Recent UsesNecklacesVaccines & Medicines
Religious/Cultural Uses
Skin Lightening Creams
Preparation HContact Lens Solution
Maze GamesTennis ShoesPaint
©National Geographic Society, 1972
Particularly insidious because its fumes are invisible and odorless, elemental mercuryvaporizes readily, even at room temperatures. Lit by a conventional lamp, a vial of mercurythrows the shadow at left; no fumes appear. Ultraviolet rays Ð absorbed by mercury Ð outlinethe other silhouette, which shows mercury vapor billowing from the vial. National Geographic Society. 1972 Quicksilver and Slow Death. National Geographic, Washington, DC. V. 142, No. 4, page 513.
Mercury ÒSpeciesÓElemental Mercury - Hg0
Mercurous Ð Mercury [I] - inorganic forms
Mercuric - Mercury[II] - organic formslike methylmercury
Health problems caninclude tremors, changesin vision or hearing,insomnia, weakness,difficulty with memory,headache, irritability,shyness and nervousness.Metallic mercury canalso damage the centralnervous system.
Effects of Mercury Exposure
MICHIGAN MECURY PIEESTIMATE OF MERCURY AIR EIMMISIONS
Sewage Sludge Incinerators65 lbs (<1%)
Hospital Waste Incinerators980 lbs (9.4%)
Municipal Waste Incinerators
2,915 lbs (28%)
Cement Manufacturing465 lbs (4.5%)
Hazardous Waste Incineration
280 lbs (2.7%)
Lamp Manufacturing/
Breakage330 lbs (3.2%)
Electric Utilities (coal)
3,120 lbs (31%)
Industrial &
Commercial (coal)680 lbs (6.5%)
Taconite ore680 lbs (7%)
Residential (oil)175 lbs (1.7%)
1994
8,385-10,415 lbs.
Modern Mercury Poisonings
Minamata Bay, Japan
Iraq & Alamagordo, NM
Dr. Karen Wetterhahn
Lincoln Park, Michigan
WhereÕs mercury now?
Thermometers
The Big One:Sphygmomanometers
In 1999 there were
19,239 ÒreportedÓ breakages
Nationally, EPA estimates
17 tons are discarded
annually
Button Batteries
Thermostats
More Common Sources
The Mercury-Containing and
Rechargeable Battery Management
Act (Public Law 104-142) took effect
on May 13, 1996.
Honeywell Corp. will cease
production of Hg thermostats in 2006
PRODUCTS ALTERNATIVES
Thermometers electronic (digital), expansion, aneroid
Health Care Products Known to Contain Mercury & Alternatives
BatteriesDefibrillatorsHearing aidsPacemakers
lithium, zinc air, alkaline
Electrical equipment fiber optics, solid state devices, mechanicalswitches
Esophageal devicesCantor tubesMiller Abbot tubes
tungsten tubing (tungsten for weight)
Lampsfluorescent,high intensity,and ultraviolet
ordinary glow lights; low sodium vaportubes (yellow); optical, high-energy, long-lasting lights1
Sphygmomanometers electronic vacuum gage, expansion, aneroid2
Mercury AmountMedical Devices
68 gFoley catheter
136 gDennis tubes
136 gMiller Abbott tubes
54 g - 136 gCantor tubes
May contain as much as
3 pounds (1361 g) Hg
esophageal dilators
110 - 200 gSphygmomanometers
3 g - 4 gLaboratory
Thermometers
0.5 g - 1.5 gHousehold Fever
Thermometers
Source: Healthcare Without Harm
CHEMICALS ALTERNATIVES
Mercury (II) chlorideZenkerÕs solutionHistological fixatives
Ê
zinc Formalinfreeze drying
Staining solutions and preservatives for suchproducts as buffers and vaccines:
Thimerosal, Immu-sal, Carbol-fuchin stain,Gram iodine stain, phenolic mercuric,acetate, alum, Hematoxylin ÒSolution AÓ
replace with variety of chemical compounds3
Mercury (II) oxide copper catalyst
Mercury chloride none identified
Mercury (II) chloride magnesium chloride/sulfuric acid or zincformalin, freeze drying
Mercury (II) sulfate silver nitrate/potassium/chromium-(III) sulfate
Mercury iodide phenate method
Mercury nitrate (for corrosion of copper alloys)for antifungal use (mercurochrome)
ammonia/copper sulfateneosporin, mycin
ÊÊ
Pollution Prevention
Methodology: For working with MERCURY
¥ IDENTIFY Hg Use(s)
¥ RESEARCH alternatives
¥ SUBSTITUTE saferchemicals or devices
¥ Engage Best Mgmt.Practices, if Hg usedeemed absolutelyessential???
¥ Provide safety equipment;spill kits, gloves, andemergency clean up plan,educate employees
HgHg
U. S. Mercury Use down 85% since 1968
Biggest Decrease is due to the elimination of mercury use in Batteries and Paint
Good
News
Reports
But.ÉÉ
Much more remains to be done
Mercury P2 Assistance
¥ Publications
¥ InternetResources
¥ Funding; grants &loans
¥ Trade Associations
¥ Certificationand/or RecognitionPrograms
¥ Research &Technical
Institutions
Mercury Clean Up Guidelinefor households
1 µg/m_ ATSDR
Equal to 1,000 ng/m3Equal to 1,000 ng/m3
or 0.001 mg/m3or 0.001 mg/m3
http://www.hcwh.org Health Care Without
Harm
http://www.nwf.org/greatlakes/resources/ mercury.htmlNational Wildlife Federation Mercury P2 inHealthcare.
http://www.sustainablehospitals.orgSustainable Hospitals Project at the Univ.MSLowell
http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/bnsdocs/Merchealth Hospital Hg elimination
Additional (WEB) Resources:
KEWEENAW
HOUGHTON
ONTONAGON
GOGEBIC
BARAGA
IRON
MARQUETTE
ALGER
DICKINSON
MENOMINEE
DELTA
SCHOOLCRAFT
LUCE
CHIPPEWA
MACKINAC
CHEBOYGAN
PRESQUE ISLE CHARLEVOIX
ANTRIM OTSEGO MONTMORENCY ALPENA
ALCONA OSCODA CRAWFORD KALKASKA GRAND
TRAVERSE
LEELANAU
BENZIE
MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW IOSCO
MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE GLADWIN
ARENAC
OCEANA
NEWAYGO
MECOSTA
ISABELLA
MIDLAND BAY
HURON
MUSKEGON
MONTCALM GRATIOT SAGINAW
TUSCOLA SANILAC
ST. CLAIR
LAPEER
GENESEE SHIAWASSECLINTON
IONIA KENT OTTAWA
ALLEGAN BARRY EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON
OAKLAND MACOMB
VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW WAYNE
BERRIEN
CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE
MONROE
10
4
6
5
1
2
13 9
11
7
3
8
12
EMMET
14
Michigan Groundwater Stewardship ProgramFY2001 Clean Sweeps
H2E Program
¥ EPA/American HospitalAssociation asking all hospitalsto:
-Eliminate (virtually all)mercury use by 2005
-Reduce total wastevolume 33% by 2005; and50% by 2010
Additional Emerging Issues:
HB 6- Mercury-free Hospitals
HB 4599- Prohibits sale ofmercury thermometers
Mercury Stockpiles
Defense Logistics Agency;
Manages 5,000 ton stockpile for Dod, DOE
Chlor-alkali Facilities (de-commissioning):3,000 tons in U.S.
Recycled (Retort) Products: ~3,000 tons
(4 locations: Somerville, NJ, Warren, OH, New Haven, IN and Oak Ridge, TN)
Storage/Retirement Options
Stabilization (as Hg sulfide or incemented materials)
Amalgamation (copper, zinc, tin, etc.)
Encapsulation (of stabilized/amalgamated mercury) using materialssuch as sulfur polymer cement oremulsified asphalt
Long Term Storage Contracts
KEWEENAW
HOUGHTON
ONTONAGON
GOGEBIC
BARAGA
IRON
MARQUETTE
ALGER
DICKINSON
MENOMINEE
DELTA
SCHOOLCRAFT
LUCE
CHIPPEWA
MACKINAC
CHEBOYGAN
PRESQUE ISLE CHARLEVOIX
ANTRIM OTSEGO MONTMORENCY ALPENA
ALCONA OSCODA CRAWFORD KALKASKA GRAND
TRAVERSE
LEELANAU
BENZIE
MANISTEE WEXFORD MISSAUKEE ROSCOMMON OGEMAW IOSCO
MASON LAKE OSCEOLA CLARE GLADWIN
ARENAC
OCEANA
NEWAYGO
MECOSTA
ISABELLA
MIDLAND BAY
HURON
MUSKEGON
MONTCALM GRATIOT SAGINAW
TUSCOLA SANILAC
ST. CLAIR
LAPEER
GENESEE SHIAWASSECLINTON
IONIA KENT OTTAWA
ALLEGAN BARRY EATON INGHAM LIVINGSTON
OAKLAND MACOMB
VAN BUREN KALAMAZOO CALHOUN JACKSON WASHTENAW WAYNE
BERRIEN
CASS ST. JOSEPH BRANCH HILLSDALE LENAWEE
MONROE
10
4
6
5
1
2
13 9
11
7
3
8
12
EMMET
14
Michigan Groundwater Stewardship ProgramFY2001 Clean Sweeps
In 1999-2000 Theseprogramscaptured
more than5,100 lbs.
ofmercury!
To Date 19,300Thermometers
Have been Exchanged in
29 Programs
ÒMercury in FlightÓ Awards
¥ Rite-Aid
¥ Brooks Drugs
¥ Safety First
¥ Albertson-American Drugs
¥ Wal-Mart
¥ Eckerd
¥ Walgreen
¥ CVS
¥ K-mart
¥ Target Stores
¥ Kinney Drugs
¥ Toys 'RÕ Us
¥ Meijer
¥ The First Years
These companies no longer sell Hg thermometers
EDUCATION
OUTREACH
FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE
TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE
INFORMATION
INCENTIVES
POLLUTION
PREVENTION
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE DIVISION
Call Today!Environmental Assistance Center
1-800-662-9278
For More Information:
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTANCE DIVISIONMICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
1-800-662-9278
For ÔMERCURY P2Õ Advice& Recycling/Disposal Info.
Closing Remarks:
¥ Mercury is a potent neurotoxin, persistent andbioaccumulative toxic chemical.
¥ Mercury is found throughout the environmentand itÕs danger represents a Global Concern.
¥ In the northern hemisphere there is 3-5 timesmore Hg cycling than 150 years ago.
¥ Currently there exists a narrow Ômargin ofsafetyÕ.
¥ Voluntary P2 efforts have accomplished much.¥ Michigan will continue aggressively advancing
P2 through successful partnerships andinitiatives.