fms - primary flight display

©2013 QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd. The information in this document is the property of QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd. and may not be copied or communicated to a third party or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the written consent of QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd.

NAVIGATION GUIDANCEPRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY

Nethra N.A27-Aug-2013

©2013 QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd. Confidential 2

NAVIGATION GUIDANCE

• Navigation guidance is an integral and critically important aspect of flying. If a pilot does not know where he is at all times while airborne, or cannot quickly determine his/her aircraft position in the air, then such a aircraft will be misguided and may leads to disaster.

• Navigation depended on pilot’s ability to use landmarks or dead reckoning.

What is DEAD RECKONING?• Dead reckoning (DR) is the process of calculating one's

position by estimating the direction and distance travelled.


The Electronic Flight Instrument System

The Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) presents data

on six identical Display Units (DUs):

• The Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) displays mostly flight parameters

and navigation data on the Primary Flight Displays (PFDs) and Navigation Displays

(NDs)/MULTI FUNCTION DISPLAY.

• The Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) presents data on the

Engine/Warning Display (E/WD) and System Display (SD) :

– Primary engine indications, Fuel quantity, Flap and Slat position

– Warning and caution alerts, or memos


The Electronic Flight Instrument System


DISPLAY OF FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS


PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY

• The Primary Flight Display (PFD) provides the following information to the flight crew :– Attitude display– Airspeed/Mach display– Altitude display– Vertical Speed display– Heading Display – Navigation Display– AFCS mode Display


PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY


PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY contd……..ATTITUDE INDICATOR


ATTITUDE INDICATOR

To show the aircraft's attitude relative to the horizon.

Also called as artificial horizon.

Shows whether wings are level or not and whether aircraft pitch up or down.



Components and its operation. ATTITUDE DISPLAY The aircraft attitude indication on the primary flight display provides

pitch, roll, and yaw information supplied by the Attitude And Heading Reference System.

AIRCRAFT SYMBOL Aircraft symbol is a stationary representation of the aircraft.

HORIZON LINE Horizon line is the midpoint indication of aircraft attitude. With zero

degrees of pitch and roll, the white horizontal line touches the apex of the aircraft symbol and passes through the center of the aircraft wing symbol.



SKY/GROUND DISPLAY Blue And Brown Images Provides A Visual Representation Of The Sky

and ground with respect to the aircraft.

PITCH TAPE The pitch tape(scale) is fixed on the attitude sphere and moves with the

horizon line. The scale has wide line markings every 10 degrees, medium line markings every 5 degrees and small line markings every 2.5 degrees.

ROLL SCALE AND POINTER At the top of the blue display is a roll scale and pointer. Max scale

covered is ± 60 from level attitude. Roll pointer moves in reference to the center of the aircraft symbol and

indicates aircraft roll angle.



SLIP/SKID INDICATOR The slip/skid indicator is a small rectangle located below the roll pointer.

This indicates lateral acceleration on the ground. It turns with the roll pointer and moves laterally with respect to the base of the roll pointer.

DECLUTTER OF THE DISPLAY De-clutter is used to clear all nonessential information from the PFD during

aircraft upset or unusual attitudes.When the pitch angle exceeds +30 or -20 degrees, or roll exceeds 65

degrees left or right, only the following information is displayed on PFD: Altitude, Airspeed, Attitude, Vertical speed, Heading indication


PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY contd……..ALTIMETER

Also called as Altitude Meter

To indicate how high the aircraft is from sea level(altitude).

Measured in feet. Measures height of the aircraft above a given

pressure level It works by measuring air pressure that enter

through pitot-static system.

Air pressure increases and decreases as the aircraft descends and climbs


ALTIMETER and VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR


ALTIMETER

• BAROMETRIC ALTITUDE on PFD consists of: Preselected altitude Barometric pressure setting read out Minimum descent Altitude

• ADC calculates the pressure altitude and barometric corrected altitude

• Altitude is preselected with controls on the FGP.• Barometric/Minimum descent altitude is set through REFS

menu.


Vertical speed indicator

• Also known as “Rate of Climb and Descent Indicator”• Displays the current vertical speed of the aircraft.• It used to maintain proper rate of climb and rate of descend .• Measured in feet per minute.• Rate of change is also measured based on air pressure

differences through pitot-static system.• Consists of a vertical analog scale and pointer.


Vertical speed indicator


AIR SPEED INDICATOR


AIR SPEED INDICATOR

• Air Speed Indicator on PFD page includes:– Airspeed display– Reference speeds– Low/high/speed cues– Airspeed trend vector– Mach number display


HEADING DISPLAY

• Aircraft heading is displayed on compass card located at the bottom of the PFD.

• Data required to produce the display is supplied by the AHRS system.

• AHRS->Attitude and Heading Reference System is strapped gyro reference system that generates angular rate and linear information about the aircraft axes


HEADING DISPLAY

HEADING INDICATORS The heading indications are represented on the compass card,

the display shows 360º from the current heading. The compass card has 10º major indices, 5º minor indices, cardinal point characters at N, S, E, W, and numeric labels at 30º intervals.

At the top center position of the compass card is the fixed lubber line. The lubber line indicates the aircraft heading reference.

SELECTED HEADING REFERENCE The selected heading reference is presented on the heading

display as a heading bug(indicates the heading selected at the HDG knob on the flight guidance).


NAVIGATION DISPLAY

• Navigation indications on PFD provide course, course deviation, bearing and distance information from selected NAVAID. The data is presented in a conventional HIS format.

Navigation data is displayed on the lower part of the PFD. Includes Navigation source indicator Course display Distance display Station identifier


Navigation display


AUTO FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM MODE DISPLAY

• AFCS consists of 2 modes:– Autopilot indication– Flight guidance mode

• AUTOPILOT INDICATION Autopilot information like

when it is engaged or disengaged and flight director is displayed .

The display of AP in green represents AP is engaged and horizontal arrow points to the FD coupled side.


AUTO FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM MODE DISPLAY

Flight Guidance modes divided into three fields.

• Left field of line represents lateral mode.

• Center field represents autopilot mode.

• Right field represents vertical modes.•


Advantage of PFD

• PFD displays all information critical to flight, including calibrated air speed, altitude, heading, attitude, vertical speed and yaw.

• The PFD is designed to improve a pilot's situational awareness by integrating this information into a single display instead of six different analog instruments, reducing the amount of time necessary to monitor the instruments

• PFDs also increase situational awareness by alerting the aircrew to unusual or potentially hazardous conditions — for example, low airspeed, high rate of descent — by changing the color or shape of the display or by providing audio alerts.

©2013 QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd. The information in this document is the property of QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd. and may not be copied or communicated to a third party or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the written consent of QuEST Global Services Pte Ltd.

NAVIGATION GUIDANCEPRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY

Nethra [email protected]

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