FMRI-BCI INTERFACE FOR NEUROSCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND TREATMENT BY SAMATHA RATNA (10D21A0441)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO FMRI-BCI BCI PRINCIPLE BCI TYPES MRI VS FMRI FMRI ARCHITECTURE OF FMRI-BCI BOLD RESPONSE APPLICATIONS BCI CHALLENGES REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION TO FMRI-BCI

BCI Concept

direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.

Often aimed at assisting, augmenting or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.

BCI PRINCIPLE:

(a) In healthy subjects, primary motor area sends movement commands to muscles via spinal cord.

(b) But in paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted.

(c) A Computer based decoder is used, which translates this activity into commands for muscle control.

BCI

Temporal Sequence of FMRI scans(single slice)

MRI image of head (single slice)

FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ( FMRI )

ARCHITECTURE OF FMRI-BCI

An fMRI-BCI system is a closed-loop system . It has the following major components:

(1) the participant,(2) signal acquisition, (3) signal analysis, and(4) signal feedback.

Brain activity is measured by fMRI using the BOLD effect which is the neurovascular response to electric brain activity

FMRI IS A CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM

BOLD RESPONSE An example showing a regular updated snap shot of brain

activity as graduations in the thermometer(a),when a prey is targeted by the shark(b)

A particular region of interest of brain is localised(c)and the participant’s time series of self-regulation of BOLD response(d) is shown.

In neuroscientific research:

EMOTIONAL PROCESSING NEUROPLASTICITY OF MOTOR SYSTEM LANGUAGE PROCESSING VISUAL PERCEPTION

In psychophysiological treatment :

STROKE REHABILITATION TREATING CHRONIC PAIN TREATING EMOTIONAL DISORDERS PSYCHOPATRY AND SOCIAL PHOBIA

APPLICATIONS

BCI CHALLENGES:

The brain is incredibly complex. There are chemical processes involved as

well. The signal is weak and prone to interference

i.e. reading brain signals is like listening to a bad phone connection. There's lots of static.

The equipment is less than portable.

REFERENCES:

http://mlpr.wikidot.com/brain-computer-interface http://www.makeahistory.com/index.php/your-details/22

2-the-worlds-first-commercial-brain-computer-interface-

http://www.wireheading.com/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/11/111

9_041119_brain_petri_dish_2.html

http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/05/pentagon-preps-soldier-telepathy-push

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.08/assist_pr.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7lmJe_EXEU&featur

e=related