fm/dab/dvb-t multiband multistatic passive radar system...
TRANSCRIPT
M. Edrich
Hensoldt Sensors GmbH / ex Airbus DS EBS GmbH
FM/DAB/DVB-T Multiband Multistatic Passive Radar
System – Design Considerations and Lessons Learnt
This document and its content is the property of Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security GmbH. It shall not be communicated to any third party without the owner’s written consent. © Copyright Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security 2017. All rights reserved.
Airbus Defence & Space carve-out of radar, optronics, EW and avionics business
Airbus DS Electronics & Border Security rebranding from March 1st, 2017 to HENSOLDT
06 July 2017
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New Company effective March 1st, 2017: HENSOLDT
This document and its content is the property of Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security GmbH. It shall not be communicated to any third party without the owner’s written consent. © Copyright Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security 2017. All rights reserved.
• Goal and Basic Design Considerations
• Analysis of Transmitter Network Structure for Germany and Network Model
• Passive Radar Design and System Overview
• Measurement Results
• Lessons Learnt and Conclusion
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Passive Radar Design Study, System Overview and Lessons Learnt:
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Basic Question and Activities
Can a conventional active air surveillance radar be replaced / augmented by a Passive Radar
system, consisting of one or several receiver sites ?
-> 360° az. coverage, ~ 60° el. coverage
-> range ~100km @ typical A/V RCS
-> handling, 3D-localization and separation of a great number of aerial targets
Analyse networks available as illuminators
Design, built and test a prototype system and perform tests to gain experience
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1. Ensure multistatic illumination of airspace & targets
2. Suppress strong ‘Direct Signals’ from Tx
3. Detect, fuse detections & separate targets, localize targets
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Multistatic Passive Radar Principles & Problems
Multiple Tx, Single Rx Multiple Rx, Single Tx
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Impressions of Separation Problem in Multi-Target Scenarios
bistatic plot data R-RR tracks & 3D-tracks:
T0
T1
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Slant Range (km)
Heig
ht
(km
)
DAB
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
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Analysis of Transmitter Networks in Germany: FM, DAB, DVB-T
Broadcast Network
Frequency Band
Transmitter Bandwidth
Typical Transmitter Power (EIRP)
FM radio 88MHz - 108MHz
0 - 100kHz *) 10kW – 100kW
DAB radio
174MHz - 240MHz
1.5MHz 1kW – 10kW
DVB-T (television)
470MHz – 862MHz
7.6MHz 1kW – 100kW
Slant Range (km)
Heig
ht
(km
)
FM
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
Slant Range (km)
Heig
ht
(km
)
DVB-T
0 20 40 60 80 1000
5
10
15
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
Receive Powers:
4π
λ
R4π
(El)GPP
2
2
ssr
DAB DVB-T FM
DVB-T Tx elevation diagram
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In SFNs an ambiguity w.r.t. the origin of each received reflexion
exists multiple hypothesis tracking increases complexity !
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Multiple & Single Frequency Networks
MFN
SFN
PR receiver Tx1 Tx2 Tx3
PR receiver Tx1 Tx2 Tx3
f1 f2 f3
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DAB SFN Ambiguity: Measurements in Ulm, Germany
250km
150km
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06 July 2017 10
Data Fusion and Tracking in SFNs / MFNs
FM DAB DVB-T
Plots
(Range, Doppler,
Azimuth)
Plots
(Range, Doppler,
Azimuth)
Plots
(Range, Doppler,
Azimuth, Elevation)
Range-RangeRate
Tracks
Range-RangeRate
Tracks
Range-RangeRate
Tracks
Range-RangeRate Tracking
R
R
R
R
R
Correlation Track to Transmitter
Trk 1
Tx 1
Trk 1
Tx 2
Trk 1
Tx 3
Trk 1
Tx ...
Trk 1
Tx k
Trk 1
Tx 1
Trk 1
Tx 2
Trk 1
Tx 3
Trk 1
Tx ...
Trk 1
Tx l
Trk m
Tx 1
Trk m
Tx 2
Trk m
Tx 3
Trk m
Tx ...
Trk m
Tx k
Trk n
Tx 1
Trk n
Tx 2
Trk n
Tx 3
Trk n
Tx ...
Trk n
Tx l
Trk 1
Tx 1
Trk p
Tx 1
Multi Range-RangeRate Track Fusion
Track Correlations
Target height assuumptions
Gaussian Mixture
Log-Likelihood Ratio
3D-Track 1 3D-Track 2 3D-Track q
Multi Hypothesis Tracking !
How many hypothesis’ ?
Separation of ellipsoids ?
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06 July 2017 11
Analysis of Tx Networks in Germany (Area: 357.000km2)
Longitude [°]
Latitu
de [
°]
FM
5.59482 7.59482 9.59482 11.5948 13.5948
55.137
53.137
51.137
49.137
transmitter sites with at least 1 frequency >= 30 dBW
transmitter sites with at least 1 frequency >= 40 dBW
Longitude [°]
Latitu
de [
°]
DAB
5.59482 7.59482 9.59482 11.5948 13.5948
55.137
53.137
51.137
49.137
Longitude [°]
Latitu
de [
°]
DVB-T
5.59482 7.59482 9.59482 11.5948 13.5948
55.137
53.137
51.137
49.137
DAB:
• 176 transmitters >30dBW
• arranged in 33 SFNs
DVB-T:
• 434 transmitter >40 dBW
• arranged in 198 SFNs
FM:
• 145 transmitters >40dBW
• Multiple Freq. (MFN)
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06 July 2017 12
Analysis of MFN / SFN Networks in Germany
FM: MFN, Tx-Grid approx. 50km
DAB: 33 SFNs of various size, typ. <10 Tx, max. 53 Tx per SFN
DVB-T: 198 SFNs of various size, <8 Tx per SFN
DAB DVB-T
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06 July 2017 13
Tx Network Model for Germany
PR cov. of 360°, 100km range:
- 16 FM Tx
- 2 .. 4 DAB SFNs
- 2 .. 9 DVB-T SFNs
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DVB-T Antenna
· 474-850 MHz
· Calibration Unit
FM/DAB Antenna
· 88-240 MHz
· Calibration Unit
DVB-T Analog Rx
· Amplifier
· Channel Filters
DAB Analog Rx
· Amplifier
· Bandpass Filter
208-234 MHz
FM Analog Rx
· Amplifier
· Bandpass Filter
88-108 MHz
DVB-T Digital Rx
· ADC
· DDC
DAB Digital Rx
· ADC
· DDC
FM Digital Rx
· ADC
· 8 x DDC
DAB Signal Proc.
· Adaptive BF
· Correlation
· Detection
· Azimuth Meas.
FM Signal Proc. 8ch.
· Adaptive BF
· Correlation
· Detection
· Azimuth Meas.
DVB-T Signal Proc.
· Adaptive BF
· Correlation
· Detection
· Azimuth/Elev.
Meas.Tracking System
· Range-Doppler
Tracking
· Multihypothesis
Tracking (DAB/
DVB-T)
· Data Fusion
· 3D-Tracking
Engineering Consoles
Signal Proc./Tracking
· Range-Doppler Display
· Bearing Results
· Tracking Results
Operator Console
ViSys
14
56
7
14 14
7
7
7
Plots
Plots
Plots
Tracks
ADS-B Rx
Reference
Clock Generator
GPS
Calibration Signals
Clocks
Mission Planning Tool
HD Recording
Multiband Antenna
Analog Receiver Digital Receiver Signal Processing Tracking
MMI / Visualisation
ADS-B
06 July 2017 14
Passive Radar System Design
This document and its content is the property of Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security GmbH. It shall not be communicated to any third party without the owner’s written consent. © Copyright Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security 2017. All rights reserved.
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Passive Radar Multiband Demonstrator System
Multiband coverage simultaneously processible transmitters:
– 8x/16x independent FM transmitters
out of FM Band 88 – 108 MHz
– 1*x DAB Single Frequency Network (SFN)
out of DAB Band 174 – 240 MHz
– 1*x DVB-T Single Frequency Network
out of DVB-T Band 474 – 786 MHz (* 3 SFN parallel)
Processing:
– Realtime signal processing
(Bistatic Plotdata)
– Realtime 3D tracking system
(including multihypothesis tracking for SFN &
multi-sensor-tracking for sensor cluster operation )
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06 July 2017 16
Single-Site Measurement Campaigns
2014 16
Berlin Schoene-
feld Airport
Berlin Tegel Airport
Berlin Tegel Airport
Berlin Schoene-
feld Airport
1 FM transmitter:
- range up to 100km
- covarage gaps
- accuracy >1km
8 FM transmitters:
- range up to 100km
- no covarage gaps
- accuracy <500m
Berlin Area, Germany, FM only
Lake Constance Area, Germany
FM, DAB, DVB-T
Visualization of multistatic diversity:
Video: FM_DAB_DVB-T-Video
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17
Dual-Site Operation
PCL1 (Master)
Signal-Processing
FM & DAB & DVB-T
LAN
bistatic plot
data
PCL2 (Slave(s))
Multi-Sensor-Tracking
(data fusion of bistatic plot data
and dislocated sensors)
Signal-Processing
FM only 3G
bistatic
plot data
3D air picture using ASTERIX exter-
nally over 3G link online / real time
LAN
bistatic plot
data
Track data in ASTERIX for
distribution or display
CRC / Network
Track data in
ASTERIX
Passive radar sensor cluster provides:
• increasing coverage
• increasing accuracies
Sebastian Stroth - Spexer and Passiv Radar Engineering, HENSOLDT Slide 17 2017
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Airport MUC
70km
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Dual-Site Measurement Campaign
Sebastian Stroth - Spexer and Passiv Radar Engineering, HENSOLDT 3 September 2015 Slide 18 2017
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Passive Radar System Design
This document and its content is the property of Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security GmbH. It shall not be communicated to any third party without the owner’s written consent. © Copyright Airbus DS Electronics and Border Security 2017. All rights reserved.
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Evaluation of Combined Multistatic Plot Updates
Color Code:
# number of plot updates to
3D-track per second
Min 3 updates / second
Max 30 updates / second
Provides by
- 2 x 8 FM Tx
- 1 DAB SFN
- 1 DVB-T SFN
Visualization of site-siversity:
Video_Site_and_Tx_Diversity
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Lessons Learnt: Passive Radar Diversity Approach
Target detection by each one transmitter-receiver-constallation is limited by:
- terrain shadowing, esp. in low altitude targets
- multipath fading, both in the Tx-Target path and in the Target-Rx path
- angle-dependent target RCS fluctuation
- transmitter antenna elevation beamwidth, i.e. target illumination
- bistatic-range-dependent clutter characteristics
- PR blind zones (e.g. zero-doppler target trajectories)
Make use of diversity w.r.t. multiple Tx networks & frequency bands and multiple receiver sites
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Summary
Transmitter network analysis (Germany):
- model for FM/DAB/DVB-T Tx grids, Tx power and elevation cov.
Passive radar system demonstrator built and optimised in several steps:
- FM
- DAB / DVB-T
- cross-band data fusion and tracking
- second PR receiver station (FM only) for receiver site diversity
Measurement results:
- FM: range 100km+, acc. ~ 500m
- DAB/DVB-T: range 50km+, acc. ~ 50m
Reliable wide area coverage:
- Tx diversity: 8...16 FM Tx, 1..4 DAB/DVB-T SFNs
- Rx diversity: multiple receiver sites