fm-approval standard for deluge and pre-action sprinkler system

7/21/2019 FM-Approval Standard for Deluge and Pre-Action Sprinkler System

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Approval Standard

for

Deluge and Preaction

Sprinkler Systems

Class Numbers 1011/1012/1013

September 2009

Copyright ©2009 FM Approvals LLC. All rights reserved.



Foreword

The FM Approvals certification mark is intended to verify that the products and services described will meet FM

Approvals’ stated conditions of performance, safety and quality useful to the ends of property conservation. The purposeof Approval Standards is to present the criteria for FM Approval of various types of products and services, as guidancefor FM Approvals personnel, manufacturers, users and authorities having jurisdiction.

Products submitted for certification by FM Approvals shall demonstrate that they meet the intent of the ApprovalStandard, and that quality control in manufacturing shall ensure a consistently uniform and reliable product. Approval

Standards strive to be performance-oriented. They are intended to facilitate technological development.

For examining equipment, materials and services, Approval Standards:

a) must be useful to the ends of property conservation by preventing, limiting or not causing damage underthe conditions stated by the Approval listing; and

b) must be readily identifiable.

Continuance of Approval and listing depends on compliance with the Approval Agreement, satisfactory performance in

the field, on successful re-examinations of equipment, materials, and services as appropriate, and on periodic follow-up

audits of the manufacturing facility.

FM Approvals LLC reserves the right in its sole judgment to change or revise its standards, criteria, methods, or

procedures.



Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE...........................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................................1 1.3 BASIS FOR R EQUIREMENTS...............................................................................................................................................2 1.4 BASIS FOR APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................................................2 1.5 BASIS FOR CONTINUED APPROVAL...................................................................................................................................2 1.6 EFFECTIVE DATE ..............................................................................................................................................................3 1.7 SYSTEM OF U NITS ............................................................................................................................................................3 1.8 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................................................................3 1.9 DEFINITIONS.....................................................................................................................................................................4

2. GENERAL INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................................................6 2.1 PRODUCT I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................6 2.2 APPROVAL APPLICATION R EQUIREMENTS........................................................................................................................6 2.3 R EQUIREMENTS FOR SAMPLES FOR EXAMINATION...........................................................................................................6

3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................7

3.1 R EVIEW OF DOCUMENTATION ..........................................................................................................................................7 3.2 DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - APPROVAL STANDARD CLASS 1011 ...............................................................................8

3.2.1 DELUGE R ELEASING SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................................................8 3.2.1.1 WET PILOT LINE ................................................................................................................................................8 3.2.1.2 DRY PILOT LINE.................................................................................................................................................8 3.2.1.3 ELECTRIC R ELEASE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................9 3.2.1.4 P NEUMATIC R ATE-OF-R ISE ................................................................................................................................9 3.2.1.5 HYDRAULIC R ATE-OF-R ISE................................................................................................................................9

3.3 PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - APPROVAL STANDARD CLASS 1012/1013.................................................................9 3.3.1 SINGLE-I NTERLOCK PREACTION R ELEASING SYSTEMS - APPROVAL STANDARD CLASS 1012 ................................10 3.3.2 DOUBLE-I NTERLOCK PREACTION R ELEASING SYSTEMS - APPROVAL STANDARD CLASS 1013...............................10

3.3.2.1 P NEUMATIC/ELECTRIC .....................................................................................................................................11 3.3.2.2 ELECTRIC/P NEUMATIC-ELECTRIC ....................................................................................................................11

3.3.2.3 P NEUMATIC-P NEUMATIC .................................................................................................................................11 3.4 SOLENOID VALVES USED IN ELECTRIC R ELEASE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................12 3.5 DEVICES TO PREVENT DELUGE AND PREACTION SYSTEMS FROM R ESETTING AUTOMATICALLY AFTER I NITIAL TRIP ...12

3.5.1 MECHANICAL CLAPPER LATCHING .........................................................................................................................13 3.5.2 VENTING OF PISTON OR DIAPHRAGM CHAMBER CHARGE LINE. .............................................................................13 3.5.3 SHUTTING OFF PRESSURE TO PISTON OR DIAPHRAGM CHAMBER CHARGE LINE. ...................................................13

3.6 R ELEASE CONTROL PANELS FOR PREACTION AND DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS .........................................................13 3.7 FIRE DETECTION DEVICES..............................................................................................................................................15 3.8 MARKINGS .....................................................................................................................................................................15 3.9 VALVE SIZES ..................................................................................................................................................................16 3.10 R ATED WORKING PRESSURE ..........................................................................................................................................16 3.11 I NSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, OPERATION AND TESTING MANUAL ............................................................................16 3.12 ELECTRICAL I NITIATING SYSTEM R EQUIREMENTS .........................................................................................................17

3.13 MATERIALS

....................................................................................................................................................................18 3.14 E NVIRONMENT ...............................................................................................................................................................18 3.15 CALIBRATION.................................................................................................................................................................18 3.16 TOLERANCES..................................................................................................................................................................18

4. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................................19 4.1 EXAMINATION................................................................................................................................................................19 4.2 DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS OPERATIONAL TESTS .....................................................................................................19

4.2.1 WET PILOT LINE OPERATIONAL TESTS ...................................................................................................................19 4.2.2 DRY PILOT LINE OPERATIONAL TESTS....................................................................................................................19 4.2.3 ELECTRIC R ELEASE DELUGE VALVE OPERATIONAL TESTS.....................................................................................20

4.3 SINGLE-I NTERLOCK PREACTION OPERATIONAL TESTS ..................................................................................................20



4.3.1 ELECTRIC ................................................................................................................................................................20 4.4 DOUBLE-I NTERLOCK PREACTION OPERATIONAL TESTS.................................................................................................21

4.4.1 P NEUMATIC-P NEUMATIC DOUBLE I NTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM OPERATIONAL TESTS ....................................21 4.4.2 P NEUMATIC-ELECTRIC DOUBLE I NTERLOCK PREACTION VALVE OPERATIONAL TESTS .........................................21 4.4.3 P NEUMATIC-ELECTRIC/ELECTRIC DOUBLE I NTERLOCK PREACTION SYSTEM OPERATIONAL TESTS .......................22 4.4.4 HORIZONTAL DELUGE AND PREACTION VALVE ORIENTATION ...............................................................................22

4.5 ACCELERATORS..............................................................................................................................................................23 4.5.1 OPERATIONAL TESTS ..............................................................................................................................................23

4.6 HYDROSTATIC TESTS – TRIM PIPING AND COMPONENTS (EXCLUDING SOLENOID VALVES) ..........................................23 4.6.1 DIAPHRAGM STRENGTH/SEAT LEAKAGE.................................................................................................................23 4.6.2 HYDROSTATIC STRENGTH .......................................................................................................................................23

4.7 SOLENOID VALVE TESTING ............................................................................................................................................24 4.7.1 VOLTAGE VARIATION .............................................................................................................................................24 4.7.2 CYCLE TEST ............................................................................................................................................................24 4.7.3 VIBRATION TEST .....................................................................................................................................................24 4.7.4 WATERTIGHT TEST .................................................................................................................................................25 4.7.5 DIELECTRIC TEST ....................................................................................................................................................25 4.7.6 E NVIRONMENTAL TEST ...........................................................................................................................................25 4.7.7 TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE.......................................................................................................................................25 4.7.8 VALVE BODY SHELL HYDROSTATIC .......................................................................................................................26 4.7.9 SEAT LEAKAGE .......................................................................................................................................................26

4.8 OPTIONAL TESTING ........................................................................................................................................................26 4.8.1 500 CYCLE TEST .....................................................................................................................................................26 4.8.2 AMMONIA EXPOSURE OF R UBBER OR R UBBER COATED P NEUMATIC ACTUATOR DIAPHRAGMS.............................27 4.8.3 CABINET E NCLOSURES FOR DELUGE AND PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS ..........................................................28

4.9 ELECTRICAL I NITIATING SYSTEM TESTS ........................................................................................................................29 4.9.1 BATTERY CHARGE/DISCHARGE TEST......................................................................................................................29 4.9.2 DEVICE SUPERVISION..............................................................................................................................................29 4.9.3 R ELEASING CAPABILITY TEST.................................................................................................................................29

4.10 ADDITIONAL TESTS ........................................................................................................................................................30

5. OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................................................30 5.1 DEMONSTRATED QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM............................................................................................................30 5.2 FACILITIES AND PROCEDURES AUDIT (F&PA)...............................................................................................................32 5.3 I NSTALLATION I NSPECTIONS ..........................................................................................................................................32 5.4 MANUFACTURER 'S R ESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................................32 5.5 MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS ..................................................................................................................33

5.5.1 OPERATIONAL TESTS ..............................................................................................................................................33 5.5.2 SEAT LEAKAGE TESTS.............................................................................................................................................33 5.5.3 HYDROSTATIC TESTS ..............................................................................................................................................33

APPENDIX A: COMMON PROBLEMS WITH DELUGE AND PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS .....................................................34 A.1 FALSE DELUGE AND PREACTION VALVE TRIPS – WATER AND AIR PRESSURE SUPPLY DESIGN .....................................34

A.1.1 AIR SUPPLY PRESSURE AND CAPACITY ...................................................................................................................34 A.1.2 WATER SUPPLY PRESSURE......................................................................................................................................35

A.2 PRIMING WATER / ICE PLUGS/ CORROSION .....................................................................................................................35 A.3 LONG TERM ADHESION OF R UBBER VALVE DISCS AND SEATS ......................................................................................36

APPENDIX B: FM APPROVALS CERTIFICATION MARKS ...........................................................................................................37

APPENDIX C: FIGURES.............................................................................................................................................................39 C-1. DELUGE R ELEASING SYSTEMS WITH CLAPPER TYPE VALVE...........................................................................................39 C-2. DELUGE R ELEASING SYSTEMS WITH DIAPHRAGM TYPE VALVE .....................................................................................40 C-3. PREACTION, SINGLE-I NTERLOCK R ELEASING SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................41 C-4. PREACTION, DOUBLE-I NTERLOCK R ELEASING SYSTEM, P NEUMATIC/ELECTRIC .............................................................42 C-5. PREACTION, DOUBLE-I NTERLOCK R ELEASING SYSTEM, ELECTRIC/P NEUMATIC-ELECTRIC ............................................43 C-6. PREACTION, DOUBLE-I NTERLOCK R ELEASING SYSTEM, P NEUMATIC/P NEUMATIC..........................................................44 C-7. DELUGE AND PREACTION VALVE A NTI-R ESETTING DEVICES - MECHANICAL CLAPPER LATCH .....................................45 C-8. DELUGE AND PREACTION VALVE A NTI-R ESETTING DEVICES - CHARGE LINE VENT OR WATER SUPPLY SHUT OFF

VALVE............................................................................................................................................................................46



C-9. DELUGE AND PREACTION SYSTEMS AND AIR SUPPLY WITH ONE AMD...........................................................................47 C-10. DELUGE AND PREACTION SYSTEMS AND AIR SUPPLY WITH MULTIPLE AMD’S............................................................48 C-11. PRIMING WATER , ICE PLUGS, AND CORROSION (SEE APPENDIX A.2)............................................................................49

APPENDIX D: FIRE ALARM SIGNALING SYSTEMS - TEST OUTLINE ..........................................................................................50

APPENDIX E: SAMPLE LISTINGS ..............................................................................................................................................55 DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS (CLASS 1011) ......................................................................................................................55 PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS (CLASS 1012) .................................................................................................................57 R EFRIGERATED AREA SPRINKLER SYSTEMS (CLASS 1013) .................................................................................................58

APPENDIX F: U NITS OF MEASUREMENT...................................................................................................................................61

APPENDIX G: TOLERANCE .......................................................................................................................................................62



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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose

1.1.1 This standard states Approval criteria for Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems.

1.1.2 Approval criteria may include, but are not limited to: performance requirements, sprinkler system requirements,sprinkler system design, marking requirements, examination of manufacturing facilities, audit of quality

assurance procedures, and a follow-up program.

1.2 Scope

1.2.1 This standard encompasses the design and performance requirements for 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 inch

nominal pipe size (NPS) Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems for use in automatic sprinkler systems. Other

sizes may be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. In cases where metric sized Deluge and Preaction SprinklerSystems are to be examined for Approval, test criteria comparable to the United States equivalent size shall be

used.

Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems are approved as complete systems, engineered by the manufacturer to

be installed at the protected site with all necessary components. The sprinkler system piping is either open to

atmosphere as in deluge systems, or contains supervisory pressure as in preaction systems. Water flow to the

sprinklers is controlled by an automatic water control valve, the requirements of which are described in

Approval Standard Class 1020. The automatic water control valve opens and allows water to flow to thesprinklers in response to the action of various releasing devices in the valve trim and sprinkler piping.

1.2.2 This standard sets performance requirements for Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems in the following product categories and class numbers:

Class Number Sprinkler System Category1011 Deluge Sprinkler Systems

1012 Preaction Sprinkler Systems

1013 Double Interlock Preaction Sprinkler Systems(Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems)

1.2.3 It is beyond the scope of this Standard to provide details of the various heat, smoke and other fire detectiondevices. See Section 1.8, Applicable Documents, for additional guidance.

1.2.4 Approval Standards are intended to verify that the product described will meet stated conditions of

performance, safety and quality useful to the ends of property conservation. The requirements of this standard

are intended to describe current and common industry designs of deluge and preaction sprinkler systems, andtheir Approval requirements.

1.2.5 Approval Standards are intended to verify that the product described will meet stated conditions of performance, safety and quality useful to the ends of property conservation.



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1.3 Basis for Requirements

1.3.1 The requirements of this standard are based on experience, research and testing, and/or the standards of other

organizations. The advice of manufacturers, users, trade associations, jurisdictions and/or loss controlspecialists was also considered.

1.3.2 The requirements of this standard reflect tests and practices used to examine the design of Deluge and Preaction

Sprinkler Systems for the purpose of obtaining Approval. Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems havingcharacteristics not anticipated by this standard may be FM Approved if performance equal, or superior, to thatrequired by this standard is demonstrated, or if the intent of the standard is met. Alternatively, Deluge and

Preaction Sprinkler Systems which meet all of the requirements identified in this standard may not be FM

Approved if other conditions which adversely affect performance exist or if the intent of this standard is notmet.

1.4 Basis for Approval

Approval is based upon satisfactory evaluation of the product and the manufacturer in the following major areas:

1.4.1 Examination and tests on production samples shall be performed to evaluate:

• The suitability of the product;• The performance of the product as specified by the manufacturer and required by FM Approvals; and, as

far as practical,

• The durability and reliability of the product.

1.4.2 For manufacturing facilities not currently included in the FM Approvals audit program, an initial facilities and procedures audit shall be conducted to evaluate the manufacturer’s ability to consistently produce the product

that was examined and tested as part of the Approval project. The audit shall review the facility and in-place

quality control procedures used in the manufacturing of the product. Typically, areas of review are incoming

inspection, work in progress, production testing, final quality control, marking, calibration of equipment,

shipping procedures, and document and drawing control. These examinations are repeated periodically as partof the FM Approvals product follow-up program. (Refer to Section 5.2, Facility and Procedures Audit.)

1.5 Basis for Continued Approval

1.5.1 Continued Approval is based upon:

• Production or availability of the product as currently Approved;

• The continued use of acceptable quality assurance procedures;

• Satisfactory field experience;

• Compliance with the terms stipulated in the Master Agreement;

• Satisfactory re-examination of production samples for continued conformity to requirements; and

• Satisfactory Facilities and Procedures Audits (F&PAs) conducted as part of FM Approvals’ Product

Follow-up Program.

1.5.2 Also, as a condition of retaining Approval, manufacturers may not change an Approved product or servicewithout prior written authorization by FM Approvals. (Refer to Section 5.1.3 for further details regarding

changes.)



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1.6 Effective Date

The effective date of an Approval standard mandates that all products tested for Approval after that date shall satisfy the

requirements of the standard. Products Approved under a previous edition shall comply with the new version by theeffective date or forfeit Approval.

The effective date of this Standard is August 31, 2011 for compliance with all requirements.

1.7 System of Units

Units of measurement used in this standard are United States (U.S.) customary units. These are followed by theirarithmetic equivalents in International System (SI) units, enclosed in parentheses. The first value stated shall be regarded

as the requirement. The converted equivalent value may be approximate. Appendix F lists the selected units and

conversions to SI units for measures appearing in this standard. Conversion of U.S. customary units is in accordance

with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)/American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) SI 10-

2002 , "American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System." Oneunit of measurement (Liter), outside of, but recognized by SI, is commonly used in international fire protection and is

used in this standard. The units of measurement for pressure discussed in this standard are gage pressures unless

otherwise noted in the text.

1.8 Applicable Documents

The following standards, test methods, and practices are referenced in this standard or are beneficial in understandingthis standard:

American National Standard Institute (ANSI) /FM Approvals 3260 - February 2004, Radiant Energy -Sensing Fire

Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling ANSI/Underwriters La boratories (UL) 268 - 2006, Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Signaling Systems

ANSI/UL 864 - 2003, Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems

ASME B16.5, November 2003, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard

ASTM D 471 - 2006e1, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property - Effect of Liquids

ASTM D 572 - 2004, Standard Test Method for Rubber - Deterioration by Heat and Oxygen FM Approvals Approval Standard 1020 - April 2007, Automatic Water Control Valves FM Approvals Approval Standard 1031 - May 1977, Quick Opening Devices (Accelerators and Exhausters) for Dry

Pipe Valves

FM Approvals Approval Standard 3210 - April 2007, Heat Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling

FM Approvals Approval Standard 3230-3250 - February 1976, Smoke Actuated Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm

Signaling

FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets - Latest Edition

IEEE/ASTM SI 10, 2002, American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The

Modern Metric System International Standards Organization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17025 - 2005,

General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards Publication 250-2003, Enclosures for Electrical

Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 13 - 2007, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

NFPA 70 - 2008, National Electric Code

NFPA 72 - 2007, National Fire Alarm Code



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1.9 Definitions

For purposes of this standard, the following terms apply:

Accepted

This term refers to installations acceptable to the authority enforcing the applicable installation rules. When this

authority is FM Global, such locations are termed “FM Global Accepted.” Acceptance is based upon an overall

evaluation of the installation. Factors other than the use of FM Approved equipment impact upon the decision to

accept, or not to accept. Acceptance is not a characteristic of a product. A product accepted for one installation maynot be acceptable elsewhere. (Contrast with FM Approved.)

Pressure Maintenance Device

A pneumatic pressure maintenance device used to automatically maintain the correct pneumatic pressure in dry pipe

systems, preaction systems, or in dry pilot lines. When installed in these systems, this device eliminates the need formanual filling to overcome small leaks or temperature changes. Pressure maintenance devices do not interfere with

the prompt operation of dry pipe valves and deluge valves including when used with quick opening devices.

Deluge System

A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through an

automatic water control valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as thesprinklers. When this valve opens, water flows into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached

thereto.

Deluge sprinkler systems have open sprinklers or open spray nozzles and are used where it is desirable to discharge

water through all of the system's sprinklers or nozzles simultaneously. Prior to discharge there is no water in the

sprinkler piping. The water supply is held back by an automatic water control valve which is operated manually orautomatically by the actuation of a fire detection system. The fire detection system is required to be one of the

following types: wet pilot sprinkler line, dry pilot sprinkler line, hydraulic rate-of-rise, pneumatic rate-of-rise or

electric.

An Electrical detection system may consist of an electrical Releasing Fire Alarm Control Panel, using a heatdetector, smoke detector or radiant energy detector as an initiating device or signal line circuit device.

FM Approvals Certification Mark

The FM Approvals Certification Marks are detailed in Appendix B. Their use is mandatory on all units of FMApproved Deluge and Preaction Valves and Control Panels. These registered marks cannot be used except as

authorized by FM Approvals via the granting of Approval to a specific systems and components.

FM Approved

This term refers to products FM Approved by FM Approvals. Such products are listed in the Approval Guide, anonline resource of FM Approvals. All products so listed have been successfully examined by FM Approvals, and

their manufacturers have signed and returned a Master Agreement to FM Approvals. These forms obligate the

manufacturer to allow re-examination of the product and audit of facilities and procedures at FM Approval’sdiscretion. It further requires the manufacturer not to deviate from the as-FM Approved configuration of the product

without review by and agreement of FM Approvals.

Preaction System, Single-Interlock

A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing supervisory pressure with

a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Actuation of the detection systemsignals a fire alarm control system which opens the automatic water control valve which permits water to flow into

the sprinkler piping system and to be discharged from any sprinklers that are open.

Single-Interlock Preaction systems are used where it is important to prevent the accidental discharge of water.

These systems may also be used where an alarm is desired in advance of sprinkler operation or where it is desired to

minimize the water delivery delay inherent in a standard dry-pipe system.



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Preaction System, Double-Interlock (Also referred to as a Refrigerated Area System)

A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers in the system piping which contains supervisory pressure.

Installed in the area of the system sprinklers are detectors/releasing devices, which are either electric heat (or

smoke) detectors or pneumatic release detectors such as a fixed temperature sprinkler head in a dry pilot line. Thisarrangement requires two independent detector/releasing activations in order to trip the automatic water control

valve and flow water into the sprinkler piping. This system provides an additional safeguard against accidental

water discharge than that of Single-Interlock Preaction Systems.

The system is also referred to as a Refrigerated Area System because they are predominately installed in

refrigerated areas where the accidental charging of the distribution lines with water could have detrimental effects

on the installation.

In contrast, the Single-Interlock Preaction System would fill the system piping with water upon one detector

activation only. This would result in frozen sprinkler heads and piping without an activated sprinkler. The sprinkler

system would have to be dismantled, resulting in a prolonged time without fire protection.

However, these double-interlock systems are also employed in sensitive non-freezer applications where theaccidental water discharge would cause damage and production downtime of expensive equipment, such as found in

semi-conductor manufacturing.

Rated Working Pressure

The maximum sustained pressure at or below which the systems shall operate trouble free. This also sets the basis

for the testing described in Section 4, Performance Requirements.

Refrigerated Area System

See Preaction System, Double-Interlock

On-Off Multicycle Sprinkler Systems

Multicycle Sprinkler Systems are designed to stop the flow of water out of the sprinkler system after the heat of the

fire subsides. This automatic water shutoff reduces the water damage ordinarily present with an unattended

sprinkler system. This system will subsequently re-initiate sprinkler flow if the fire is rekindled, and this cycle is

capable of being repeated numerous times. The key feature is a detector which acts as a switch, opening and closingin response to the detector. This switch typically energizes a solenoid valve open through a special electrical

control/releasing panel and this opens the automatic water control valve and sends water flowing out of thesprinklers. When this detector switches to de-energize, the solenoid valve (as a result of a lower sensed temperature,

for example) will close, which will in turn close the automatic water control valve and stop sprinkler water flow to

the system.

The electrical detection system employed as part of an On-Off Multicycle Sprinkler System shall only beconsidered FM Approved for this application when listed in this category.



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2. GENERAL INFORMATION

2.1 Product Information

2.1.1 Nominal sizes of automatic water control valves used in deluge and preaction sprinkler systems for fire

protection service addressed in this standard are: 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 inch nominal pipe size (NPS)

with a minimum rated working pressure of 175 psig (1205 kPa). Other sizes and pressure ratings may beevaluated on a case-by-case basis.

2.1.2 In order to meet the intent of this standard, all system components of deluge and preaction sprinkler systems

must be examined on a model-by-model, type-by-type, manufacturer-by manufacturer, and plant-by-plant

basis. This is predicated on the basis that identical designs, fabricated using identical materials by differentmanufacturers, or, even by different plants of the same manufacturer, have sometimes been shown to perform

differently in testing. Sample deluge and preaction sprinkler systems selected in conformance to this criterion

shall satisfy all of the requirements of this standard.

2.2 Approval Application Requirements

2.2.1 To apply for an Approval examination the manufacturer, or an authorized representative, shall submit a requestto:

Group Manager - Hydraulics

FM Approvals

Hydraulics Laboratory743A Reynolds Road

West Glocester, R.I. 02814, USA

2.2.2 The manufacturer shall provide the following preliminary information with any request for Approval

consideration:

• A complete list of all models, types, sizes, and options for the products or services being submitted for

Approval consideration,

•

General assembly drawings, one complete set of manufacturing drawings, materials list(s), anticipatedmarking format, brochures, sales literature, specification sheets, installation, operation and maintenance

procedures, and

• Number and location of manufacturing facilities making the products submitted for Approval.

Foreign language documents shall be provided with English translation.

2.3 Requirements for Samples for Examination

Following set-up and authorization of an Approval examination, the manufacturer shall submit samples for examination

and testing. Sample requirements are to be determined by FM Approvals following review of the preliminary

information. Sample requirements may vary depending on design features, results of prior testing, and field

performance, if applicable. It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to submit samples representative of production. Anydecision to use data generated utilizing prototypes is at the discretion of FM Approvals. The manufacturer shall provide

any special test fixtures which may be required to evaluate the automatic water control valves. Testing may be

performed at FM Approvals, at the manufacturer’s test facility, or at a third-party location, as mutually agreed.



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3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Review of Documentation

3.1.1 During the initial investigation and prior to physical testing, FM Approvals shall review the manufacturer's

specifications, technical data sheets, and design details to assess the ease and practicality of installation and use.

The product shall be capable of being used within the limits of the Approval investigation.

3.1.2 The manufacturer’s dimensional specifications and/or dimensional drawings shall fully describe the product.

All critical dimensions shall be indicated with the allowed upper and lower tolerance limits clearly shown.

3.1.3 All documents pertaining to the product materials, dimensions, processing, and marking shall be controlled bythe manufacturer’s Quality Assurance procedures, and shall identify the manufacturer's name, document

number or other form of reference, title, date of last revision, and revision level. All foreign language

documents shall be provided with English translation.

3.1.4 The documentation for an Automatic Release control panel system for Preaction and Deluge Sprinkler Systemsshall include:

For the purposes of (1) assessing compliance of equipment with FM Approvals requirements, (2) determiningwhat test samples will be required for the test and examination program, and (3) providing a means for design

modification control, the manufacturer shall submit documents which give a full and correct specification of the

critical construction aspects of the equipment. One copy (except as noted) of the following documentation as it

pertains to the Approval request shall be assembled in an organized manner. All documents shall identify the

following: the manufacturer's name, document number or other form of reference identification, title, and dateof document's latest revision and/or the revision reference (i.e., number or letter indicating revision level).

NOTE: (1) Test programs will only be scheduled upon receipt of all of the material listed herein.(2) Drawings in a language other than English may require partial translation for use in an approval program.

1. Marketing/Ordering Literature showing general specifications and functions of the equipment. These are

generally very useful in determining project costs and may also be used as attachments to the final report

for equipment approval projects. Typically, one copy will be sufficient.

2.

Model Number Breakdown, i.e., control drawings showing all model variations and options to beexamined. Each model variation shall have a unique means of identification.

3. Instruction Manual(s) providing the following information; installation, operation, maintenance

instructions.

4. Quality Control Procedures, i.e., document(s) detailing routine testing and final inspection procedures.

5. Production Drawingsa. Electrical Schematic(s)

b. Final Assembly drawing and parts lists. The Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) shall be stated for

electrical insulation materials used in the equipmentc. Product label drawing(s) showing all required marking information. The label drawing should show

proposed artwork indicating the manufacturer's name, address, model and serial numbers, equipment

ratings, warning markings, and the FM Approvals Certification Mark and its location on the final

assembled product.

d.

Protective Grounding Detail drawing(s) showing the method of protective grounding provided,including location, size, and marking.

6. Documentation Control Specification showing proposed method of controlling documents which may be

identified as Critical documents by FM Approvals. These drawings will be identified by FM Approvals atthe conclusion of the approval program. The manufacturer shall notify FM Approvals of changes to these

documents using Form 797, FM Approved Product/Specification-Tested Revision Request Form.



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FM Approvals 8

3.2 Deluge Sprinkler Systems - Approval Standard Class 1011

The Approval Guide, an on-line resource of FM Approvals, lists these systems as “Deluge Sprinkler Systems”. These

systems use open sprinklers and are used where it is desirable to deliver water simultaneously through all sprinklers inthe system. These systems are used in such locations as aircraft hangars, petrochemical processing and storage, and

similar special hazard occupancies requiring the immediate flow through every sprinkler in the system upon system

activation. FM Global Data Sheet 2-8N, “Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, should be referenced with regard to the

application and installation of deluge sprinkler systems.

3.2.1 Deluge Releasing Systems

As stated in Approval Standard Class 1020, for Automatic Water Control Valves, the common designs ofautomatic water control valves, the clapper or diaphragm type, open (trip) when the water supply pressure in

the piston or diaphragm chamber is reduced. This reduction of chamber pressure is controlled by the releasing

mechanisms of the trim assemblies. These releasing mechanisms may be pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical.

FM Approvals presently considers the following five deluge valve releasing systems:

Item Release System Detection Devices

1 Wet Pilot Line (Hydraulic) Fixed Temperature Release

2 Dry Pilot Line (Pneumatic), Pneumatic Actuator Fixed Temperature Release

3 Electric, Control Panel/Solenoid Valve Heat, Smoke or Radiant Energy Actuated Detector

4 Pneumatic Rate-of-Rise Pilot Line Thermostatic Release, °F (°C)/Minute TemperatureRise

5 Hydraulic Rate-of-Rise Pilot Line Thermostatic Release, °F (°C)/Minute Temperature

Rise

An illustration of these various deluge release and detector systems in the system “set” position is shown in

Figures C-1 and C-2 of Appendix C, and should be referenced in the following discussions.

3.2.1.1 Wet Pilot Line

When the pilot line sprinkler is activated (see Figures C-1 and C-2), water supply pressure in the piston or diaphragm charge line is released, allowing the piston or diaphragm to retract causing the

automatic water control valve to trip. The maximum wet pilot line height for the range of water supply pressures shall be established by recording the water pressure in the piston or diaphragm chamber

when the automatic water control valve trips and applying an additional factor of safety. These valueswill establish the maximum elevation of the closed sprinkler in the wet pilot line for specific water

supply pressures to ensure proper operation of the system.

3.2.1.2 Dry Pilot Line

Most dry pilot deluge systems (see Figures C-1 and C-2) include a pneumatic actuator between the dry

pilot line and the piston or diaphragm charge line. The pneumatic actuator is commonly a diaphragm

valve as shown in Figures C-1 and C-2. Regulated pilot line pressure acts on the diaphragm top

surface to hold it closed against the actuator seat, thus maintaining the water pressure in the automaticwater control valve chamber. When the pilot sprinkler is activated, pilot line pneumatic pressure is

released, allowing the pneumatic actuator diaphragm to open, causing piston or diaphragm chamber pressure to be released in turn causing the automatic water control valve to trip. The minimum system pilot line pressure at trip is 5.0 psi (35 kPa), which shall be maintained throughout the range of water

supply pressures.



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FM Approvals 9

3.2.1.3 Electric Release Systems

Electric release systems include three additional devices (see Figures C-1 and C-2): initiating devices

installed in the sprinkler array, a releasing panel, and a solenoid valve in the water charge line to theautomatic water control valve piston or diaphragm chamber. A typical heat detector can be described

as a thermostatic electrical switch. A common fixed temperature detector has contacts which open or

close when it reaches its design temperature. When a detector activates, the releasing panel energizes

the releasing (output) circuit connected to a normally closed (NC) solenoid valve installed in thecharge line to the automatic water control valve piston or diaphragm chamber that is maintaining thechamber water pressure which keeps the automatic water control valve closed. When the detector

circuit changes state, the solenoid valve releasing (output) circuit is energized.

The energized solenoid coil causes the solenoid valve to open, which releases the automatic water

control valve piston or diaphragm chamber pressure and causes the automatic water control valve to

trip.

3.2.1.4 Pneumatic Rate-of-Rise

The pneumatic rate-of-rise pilot line release device is a thermostatic detector which commonly

consists of a metal tube enclosing a metal rod, and these two elements have different coefficients of

thermal expansion. When this assembly is subjected to a temperature rate-of-rise(∆ temperature/minute), the differential thermal expansion between the rod and tube creates a force

which opens a valve assembly and thereby releases the pneumatic pressure in the pilot line. This

pressure reduction causes the pneumatic actuator diaphragm to open, and the piston or diaphragm

chamber pressure is released which causes the automatic water control valve to trip. The minimum

pilot line pressure at trip is 5.0 psi (35 kPa), which shall be maintained throughout the range of watersupply pressures. (See Figures C-1 and C-2)

It should be noted that this rate-of-rise detector is self resetting, meaning that it will close when thetemperature at the detector becomes constant. This will cause the pilot line pressure to increase, close

the pneumatic actuator, and close the deluge valve. However, this detector is sometimes fitted with a

fixed temperature release, a closed sprinkler, as a safeguard. The closed sprinkler will activate at a

fixed temperature regardless of the temperature rate-of-rise device.

3.2.1.5 Hydraulic Rate-of-Rise

This device is typically the same thermostatic detector described above. System water supply pressure

is maintained in the pilot line, and a reduction of this pressure causes the release of the automaticwater control valve piston or diaphragm chamber pressure which causes the automatic water control

valve to trip. This detector is self resetting.

3.3 Preaction Sprinkler Systems - Approval Standard Class 1012/1013

Preaction Sprinkler Systems have many of the same components used in deluge systems. Two important differences are

that normally closed sprinklers are used, and that supervisory pressure is maintained in the preaction system sprinkler piping. These systems are used when it is important to prevent the accidental discharge of water. For example, if an

automatic sprinkler is inadvertently broken in a wet pipe or dry pipe system, water will flow out of this open sprinkler.

In preaction systems, a broken sprinkler will not result in water discharge, but will result in a signal that would initiate

the sounding of a trouble alarm. The action of an additional single releasing device (single-interlock) or two releasing

devices (double-interlock) is necessary to trip the automatic water control valve and send water flowing out thesprinklers.



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FM Approvals 10

3.3.1 Single-Interlock Preaction Releasing Systems - Approval Standard Class 1012

The Approval Guide, an on-line resource of FM Approvals, lists these as “Preaction Sprinkler Systems” (Refer

to Appendix C, Figure C-3). The automatic water control valve trips when the water pressure in the piston ordiaphragm chamber is reduced. This reduction of chamber pressure is controlled by the releasing mechanisms

of the trim assemblies. These releasing mechanisms may be pneumatic, hydraulic, or electrical. FM Approvals

considers the following three to be single-interlock preaction valve releasing systems:

Section Release System Detection Devices

3.2.1.3 Electric, Control Panel/Solenoid Valve Heat, Smoke or Radiant Energy Actuated Detector

3.2.1.4 Pneumatic Rate-of-Rise Thermostatic Release, ºF (ºC)/ Minute Temperature Rise

3.2.1.5 Hydraulic Rate-of-Rise Thermostatic Release, ºF (ºC)/ Minute Temperature Rise

Complete release system descriptions are contained in the deluge releasing system Section 3.2.1. For example,

the single-interlock preaction, electric release description in is Section 3.2.1.3.

In single-interlock preaction systems, the automatic water control valve trips when one of the above detection

devices activates and reduces the water pressure in the piston or diaphragm chamber. Water flows into thesprinkler piping and will flow out of any open system sprinklers.

An illustration of these various single-interlock preaction release systems is shown in Figure C-3 of theAppendix C.

3.3.2 Double-Interlock Preaction Releasing Systems - Approval Standard Class 1013

The Approval Guide, an on-line resource of FM Approvals, lists these as “Refrigerated Area Sprinkler

Systems”. Double-interlock preaction systems utilize the same automatic water control valves as discussed inthe previous sections for deluge and single-interlock systems. The valves trip when the water pressure in the

piston or diaphragm chamber is reduced. This reduction of chamber pressure is controlled by the releasing

mechanisms of the double-interlock trim assemblies. These releasing mechanisms may be pneumatic,

hydraulic, electrical, and, most commonly, a combination of two of these releasing mechanisms.

The main difference between single-interlock and double-interlock systems is that, in the latter, two

independent detection devices must activate in order to trip the automatic water control valve. Double-interlocksystems are often installed to protect freezer areas and are also referred to, and listed in the Approval Guide, as

“Refrigerated Area Systems”.

A typical refrigerated storage area has the automatic water control valve system installed in a room heated to

40°F (4°C) or above. The valve riser, downstream of the automatic water control valve, typically extends

through the wall of the heated room into the freezer area. If a single- interlocked preaction system wereinstalled, a damaged or malfunctioning detector may trip the preaction valve and send water to the sprinkler

piping. This would result in the water freezing in the sprinkler piping, resulting in an inoperable sprinkler

system and major downtime, maintenance, and cost to remove the ice.

With a double-interlocked preaction system, two independent events must occur, and this redundancy adds an

additional safeguard to the inadvertent discharge of water.

Double-interlocked preaction systems are frequently used in locations other than freezers where the inadvertentwater damage to highly sensitive areas could be catastrophic. Examples are computer centers, semiconductor

manufacturing, telecommunication switching centers, museums, and libraries.



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FM Approvals 11

FM Approvals considers the following current industry designs of double-interlocked preaction valve releasing

systems:

Item Release System Detection Devices

1 Pneumatic/Electric, PneumaticActuator/Control Panel and Solenoid Valve

Activated System Sprinkler/Thermostatic Release andHeat, Smoke or Radiant Energy Actuated Detector

2 Electric/Pneumatic-Electric,Cross-Zoned Control Panel

Initiating Circuits/Solenoid Valve/Low SystemPressure Switch

Activated System Sprinkler and Heat, Smoke or RadiantEnergy Actuated Detector

3 Pneumatic/Pneumatic,

Two Pneumatic Actuators

Activated System Sprinkler and Pneumatic Pilot Line

with Fixed Temperature or Thermostatic Release

Schematics of these various double-interlock preaction release systems are shown in Figures C-4, C-5, and C-6

in Appendix C.

3.3.2.1 Pneumatic/Electric

In this system, closed sprinkler heads are utilized and sprinkler system supervisory pressure is

maintained in the sprinkler system (see Figure C-4). This system supervisory pressure acting on thetop of the diaphragm of the pneumatic actuator holds the diaphragm closed against water supply

pressure in the diaphragm or piston charge line. Water supply pressure in the piston diaphragm charge

line is also maintained by the normally closed solenoid valve. The activation of a heat or smoke

detector activates the initiating circuit in the electrical releasing panel which opens the solenoid valve,

but the automatic water control valve does not trip. When a sprinkler is activated and system pressureis reduced, the pneumatic actuator opens and releases the diaphragm charge line pressure to drain and

thus trips the automatic water control valve. Both detector activation and reduction of system pressure

are required to trip the valve, hence the term double-interlock.

3.3.2.2 Electric/Pneumatic-Electric

In this system, closed sprinkler heads are utilized and supervisory pressure is maintained in the

sprinkler system (see Figure C-5). Water supply pressure in the piston or diaphragm charge line is

maintained by the normally closed solenoid valve which is wired to the output circuit of the electricalreleasing panel. A system pressure supervisory switch and a detector control the output circuit in the

panel for the solenoid valve. The supervisory switch is preset to energize the panel output circuit when

system supervisory pressure is reduced to a predetermined pressure, usually 6 - 10 psi (40 - 70 kPa),and the detector is activated. This configuration is termed cross-zoned, meaning that excitation of both

the detector and pressure switch is required to open the solenoid valve and trip the automatic water

control valve. Often the releasing panel is programmable to provide the cross-zoned circuitry.

Sometimes another circuit board must be added to a releasing panel. The term should not be confused

with cross-zoned sprinkler systems where one preaction system serves two or more protected areas.

3.3.2.3 Pneumatic-Pneumatic

In this system, closed system sprinkler heads and closed pilot line sprinkler heads are utilized and

sprinkler system and pilot line pressure is maintained independently (see Figure C-6). The system pressure acting on the upper diaphragm of the system pneumatic actuator holds the diaphragm closed

against water supply pressure in the piston or diaphragm charge line. Pilot line pressure acting on the

diaphragm pilot line pneumatic actuator also holds the diaphragm closed against water supply pressurein the piston or diaphragm charge line. When a pilot line sprinkler is activated, the automatic water

control valve does not trip. Only when a system sprinkler is activated and system supervisory pressure

is reduced does the system pneumatic actuator open and release the diaphragm charge line pressure to

drain, thus tripping the automatic water control valve. Both reduction in pilot line pressure andreduction of system pressure are required to trip the automatic water control valve, hence the term

double-interlock.



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FM Approvals 12

3.4 Solenoid Valves used in Electric Release Systems

3.4.1 Normally closed (NC) solenoid valves are always used as the release in electric deluge and preaction systems.They are closed in the system set position in the de-energized mode. A solenoid coil activation circuit is closed

by the heat detector, and voltage is applied across the solenoid coil to open it and allow the automatic water

control valve to trip. Therefore, the solenoid coil is de-energized, with no power to it, most of the time. If

power were supplied most of the time, heat generated by the coil in the solenoid enclosure may reduce the lifeof the solenoid. This is especially true in NEMA 4 watertight enclosures, hazardous location enclosures, andexplosion proof enclosures. These enclosures provide electrical insulation, as well as thermal insulation, which

holds in the heat responsible for coil degradation. When the coil fails, the solenoid valve reverts to its fail-safe

condition. Therefore, if power failed with a NC solenoid, it would remain closed in the set position, theautomatic water control valve could not trip and send water flow to the sprinklers. This is one of the reasons to

have the 90 hour battery backup and control panel alarms: to alert the facility of a malfunction within this

period of time.

If the solenoid failed during sprinkler water flow in a fire situation, it would close but the deluge or automatic

water control valve would remain open because of the anti-reset devices discussed in 3.5: the mechanical latch,the charge line vent valve, or the water supply shut off valve.

3.4.2 There have been instances where an end-user has substituted a normally open (NO) solenoid valve in a systemApproved with an NC solenoid valve. End-users have also requested deluge and preaction system

manufacturers to provide the NO solenoid valves instead of the NC solenoid valves.

The NO solenoid valves is viewed as fail-safe in the system because it will fail open, and the automatic water

control valve will open, or remain open, if the coil or power fails at any time.

Problems associated with this NO substitution are:

1. The coil will burn out faster because it is always energized,

2. In a double interlock system, the failure of the solenoid open will convert the system to a single interlock

system. In a freezer, water would flow into the sprinkler system upon solenoid and/or power failure.

3. In an electric deluge system, water or foam would be discharged out the open deluge sprinklers if the NO

solenoid failed or AC power and 90 hour backup failed.

3.4.3 There currently are fail-safe preaction systems designed to operate properly if solenoid failure occurs. They

utilize both NC and NO solenoid valves, none of which are energized continuously. If the main NC solenoid

valve fails closed, the NO solenoids automatically open and the system is converted to a dry pipe system,which is not dependent on electrical power. If a fire occurs and activates sprinklers, the preaction valve will trip

because of the decrease in system pressure

FM Approvals will not accept an examination for the NO solenoid substitution, unless other design features

address the aforementioned pitfalls.

3.5 Devices to Prevent Deluge and Preaction Systems from Resetting Automatically after Initial Trip

There are circumstances in which automatic water control valve releases may reset themselves during sprinkler flow in a

fire. For example, the rate-of-rise detectors reset when steady state ambient temperatures are restored. Damaged heat

detectors may reset, or loss of electrical power to the releasing panel may close the release solenoid, and result in

premature, and inadvertent, closure of the automatic water control valve. There are other circumstances such as shuttingof the water supply pressure to the automatic water control valve during a fire and then re-pressurizing the system. This

resetting of the automatic water control valve is caused by the piston or diaphragm charge line being pressurized after

the initial trip, and results in the clapper latch re-engaging the clapper or the pressure in the diaphragm valve closing the

diaphragm.



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FM Approvals 13

Figures C-7 and C-8 in Appendix C demonstrates the three most current methods designed to prevent the inadvertent

resetting of the automatic water control valve after the initial trip, and should be referred to in the following discussions.

3.5.1 Mechanical Clapper Latching

In this design, when the automatic water control valve is tripped, a spring loaded latch mechanically engages

the underside of the open clapper and prevents it from reseating even if piston or diaphragm chamber pressure

is restored (See Figure C-7). The mechanical latching results in the valve flowing water to the sprinkler systemuntil the fire is determined to be fully contained. Then, the system is reset by closing the water supply valve tothe automatic water control valve inlet, and fully opening the drain valves above and below the clapper. The

valve must be manually reset (latched) by removing the cover plate. Some designs use manual external reset

knobs on the valve body which obviates removing the cover.

3.5.2 Venting of Piston or Diaphragm Chamber Charge Line

In this design, when the automatic water control valve is tripped, a charge line vent valve opens and vents the

piston or diaphragm charge line continuously, precluding any reestablishment of water pressure in the piston or

diaphragm chamber and possible valve resetting (See Figure C-8). This insures that the automatic water controlvalve remains open and flows water to the sprinkler system until the fire is determined to be fully contained.

Then, the system is reset by closing the water supply valve to the automatic water control valve inlet, and fully

opening the drain valves above and below the clapper. The charge line vent valve must be manually reset whenresetting the automatic water control valve. Some charge line vent valves will automatically reset when

depressurized, and the manufacturer’s instructions should be followed.

3.5.3 Shutting Off Pressure to Piston or Diaphragm Chamber Charge Line

In this design, when the automatic water control valve is tripped, a water supply shutoff valve closes and

prevents any reestablishment of water pressure in the piston or diaphragm chamber and possible valve resetting

(See Figure C-8). This insures that the automatic water control valve remains open and flows water to thesprinkler system until the fire is determined to be fully contained. Then, the system is reset by closing the water

supply valve to the automatic water control valve inlet, and fully opening the drain valves above and below the

clapper. The water supply shutoff valve must be reset to the open position when resetting the automatic water

control valve.

3.6 Release Control Panels for Preaction and Deluge Sprinkler Systems

In the previous descriptions of these sprinkler systems, the term control panel was used to describe the electrical panelwhich operated the release solenoid valve upon detector activation. In fact, it is an Alarm/Release Control Panel which

also causes visual and audio alarms at the panel itself and within the protected premises with the potential capability of

remote signaling.

Among the typical alarm, trouble, and supervisory LED’s on the releasing panel’s display board are low (pressure)supervisory, low (pressure) alarm, AC power, Release Solenoid Circuit, Detector Circuit, System Trouble, and

Alarm/Water Flow.

The Alarm/Release Panel is powered by 120 VAC or 230 VAC and converts that to 24 VDC compatible with the

solenoid valve, detectors, pressure switches, alarm switches, and LED readouts. It also contains storage batteries

arranged in series, with an integral continuous battery charger, which is required by this Standard to provide a minimum

of 90 hours of battery backup to the system in the event of AC power failure. At the end of this period, the back-up

supply shall be able to operate the system at the maximum rated pressure and provide a satisfactory alarm for at least 10minutes. The system designer must calculate the maximum electrical load for each installation, including optional

accessories, to ensure that the battery pack storage capacity in amp-hours is sufficient for the 90 hour backup. Available

battery capacity and maximum combined load from the panel to all external devices must be contained in the panel

supplier’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions. The pertinent information shall also be included in thevalve manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instruction manual, often with reference to the specific

panel supplier’s manual.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 14

A valve manufacturer seeking Approval of their electric deluge and/or preaction systems shall specify and provide a

panel for testing as part of the examination.

The manufacturer has two options in this regard:

A. Select a currently FM Approved panel

FM Approved control panels are listed under the classification “Automatic Releases for Preaction and DelugeSprinkler Systems” in the Approval Guide, an on-line resource of FM Approvals. Those panels were submitted

by the control panel manufacturer and examined by FM Approvals. These same panels have been selected by

current electric deluge and/or preaction valve manufacturers for use in their systems. FM Approvals evaluatesand tests them as a complete system. The Approved valve manufacturers typically include the exact panel

specification in their system technical data sheets. The manufacturers therefore market the complete system,

including the panel. This panel is referred to as the “baseline” panel in the following discussion.

In practice, the system designer who designs the sprinkler system and procures the components for a given

installation frequently selects an Alarm/Release Control Panel which is different from the “baseline” panel. Thedesigner must select a compatible panel based upon the ability to provide the power to drive the solenoid valve,

provide 90 hours of battery backup, and sound the alarms. The Approval Guide provides guidance in this

selection of a panel, other than baseline, in the Fire Protection Division section “Automatic Sprinkler Systems,Valves, System Valves, Automatic Water Control Valves”.

The aforementioned sections also provide a guide for the electric deluge and/or preaction system manufacturer

to substitute a different solenoid valve in their currently Approved systems. Specifically, the solenoid

substitution may be FM Approved merely based upon the valve having equal or lower power consumption,equal or larger orifice size, and equal or greater rated working pressure than the originally approved solenoid.

The decision to accept the different solenoid valve for use with the releasing panel is at the discretion of FM

Approvals.

It is important to point out that the solenoid release valves listed in Automatic Water Control Valves are not

themselves FM Approved. They are FM Approved as part of the manufacturer’s FM Approved electric deluge

and/or preaction system because they were included in the operational testing. Also, the solenoid valve was

tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.7 for the valve manufacturer, and the data for thatsolenoid testing is kept on file for that specific manufacturer at FM Approvals.

B. Provide a different panel for examination

When a manufacturer submits a system with a new Alarm/Release Control Panel for Approval, it shall be

evaluated by FM Approvals under Class 3010, “Fire Alarm Signaling Systems”. The Electrical Test Outline is

contained in Class 3010’s Appendix 2.

At the successful conclusion of testing, the listing in the Approval Guide, an on-line resource of FM Approvals, wouldinclude these components: the automatic control valve, all trim components, the solenoid valve, the control panel, and

the detectors in some specialized systems. The electric deluge and/or preaction valve manufacturer publishes this

information in their Technical Data Sheets and Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions. An end-userwould be able to purchase the described complete system with the appropriate size preaction or deluge valve and install

it to protect one sprinkler zone of their facility. One sprinkler zone is defined as one deluge or preaction system that

serves one distinct protected area.

It is beyond the scope of this Standard to identify all the functions available in modern Alarm/Release Control Panels. Itis important to point out that many available panel functions and valve/detector circuits are not approved for installation

in FM insured locations. Specific applicability is contained in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets, in

particular, 2-8N, “Installation of Sprinkler Systems”, and 8-29, “Refrigerated Storage”. For example, in 8-29, 2.3.3.4,

“Fire Alarm Control Panels”, it is stated that: “for reliability, one control panel should be used for each sprinkler system.Do not use one control panel to activate multiple systems”. In 2-8N, 3-3.1.6, “Detection Devices and Systems” (for

Deluge and Preaction Systems), Section 4 states that “Separate detection systems, control panels, and release device



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 15

circuitry should be provided for each sprinkler system.” This mandate for single-zone circuitry makes it imperative that

the deluge and preaction system manufacturer include the information in their Installation, Maintenance, and Operation

Instructions that cross-zoned detection systems are not FM Approved.

3.7 Fire Detection Devices

The component of a deluge or preaction sprinkler system that actually detects and signals the presence of a fire is the firedetection device. Fire detection devices are distributed throughout the same area as the sprinklers. Those which are FMApproved can be spaced so as to at least be as sensitive as an automatic sprinkler. It is outside the scope of this Standard

to provide details of the various fire detection devices, nor is it necessary for Approval examinations of most deluge and

preaction sprinkler systems. These devices are listed in the Fire Protection Division, in the “Electrical Signaling”section, under the Alarm Signal Initiating Devices section in the Approval Guide, an on-line resource of FM Approvals.

However a brief explanation with applicable references is provided below.

3.7.1 For electrical fire detection, use one of the following classes of devices to detect a fire based on predefined fire

event characteristics, and use electrical means to signal the extinguishing system to release.

3.7.1.1 Heat responsive devices may have either a fixed temperature release mode or a rate-of-rise mode or

rate compensated (incorporating fixed and rate-of-rise elements) which actuates the release

mechanism, in accordance with FM Approvals’ Approval Standard 3210, Heat Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling.

3.7.1.2 Smoke responsive devices respond to smoke levels corresponding to the reduction in visibility and

light penetration described as %/ft obscuration in accordance with FM Approvals’ Approval standard

3230-3250, Smoke Actuated Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling.

3.7.1.3 Radiant Energy responsive devices respond to energy emitted from either a flame or a spark in the

infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths of light in accordance with FM Approvals’ Approval Standard3260, Radiant Energy – Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling.

3.7.2 Pneumatic Fire Detection

Heat responsive devices may have either a fixed temperature release mode or a rate-of-rise mode whichactuates the release mechanism.

3.7.3 Hydraulic Fire Detection

Heat responsive devices may have either a fixed temperature release mode or a rate-of-rise mode which

actuates the release mechanism.

3.8 Markings

3.8.1 The following information shall be permanently marked on each automatic preaction or deluge water control

valve:

•

The manufacturer’s name or trademark;

• Nominal valve size (inches or millimeters);• Directional flow arrow;• The foundry and casting date code;

• Rated working pressure, psi or bar;• Model designation; and,• The FM Approvals Certification Mark (see Appendix B).

External adhesive labels are not permitted for use as valve markings.



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FM Approvals 16

3.8.2 A metal nameplate, attached to the body or hand hole cover with drive screws, shall be attached to the trimmed

valve with the following system information:

• The manufacturer’s name or trademark;

• Model designation;

• Nominal valve size (inches or millimeters);• The words “Deluge Valve” or “Preaction Valve”;•

The words “Mount Vertical” or “Mount Horizontal”, if limited to a particular orientation; and,• The FM Approvals Certification Mark (see Appendix B)

3.8.3 Markings shall be cast or forged in raised characters or die stamped on the valve body. All letters and symbols

shall be large enough to be read by a person with normal (20/20) vision standing 3 ft (0.9 m) away.

3.8.3.1 A corrosion resistant metal nameplate bearing the same information as stated above shall be

considered acceptable if permanently fastened to the valve body or cover.

3.8.3.2 Other methods of applying permanent markings will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

3.8.4 The model or type identification shall correspond with the manufacturer's catalog designation and shall

uniquely identify the product as FM Approved. The manufacturer shall not place this model or type

identification on any other product unless covered by a separate agreement.

3.8.5 The FM Approvals Certification Mark (see Appendix B) shall be displayed visibly and permanently on the

product. The manufacturer shall not use these Marks on any other product unless such product is covered byseparate agreement with FM Approvals.

3.9 Valve Sizes

Common sizes for automatic water control valves are: 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 inch NPS.

3.10 Rated Working Pressure

All deluge and preaction sprinkler system components which come in contact with system water pressure shall have a

minimum rated working pressure of 175 psig (1205 kPa), or the rating working pressure of the automatic water control

valve, whichever is greater.

3.11 Installation, Maintenance, Operation and Testing Manual

This manual must be written for the specific system, for example, Double-Interlocked Electric/Pneumatic Release

Preaction Valve. The manual shall be shipped in the container with the automatic water control valve or system trim

with instructions to attach the manual to the valve for future reference.

At a minimum, the manual shall contain the following information:

•

A description of the system operation, how it works, with a comprehensive description of the interaction of the

following major components in the system “set”, “trouble”, and “fire” conditions: detectors, pneumatic actuators,

pressure switches, interlocks, control panel alarms, mechanical alarms, manual emergency release, and anti-resetting devices. This description shall be augmented by a drawing of the complete system, typically an isometric

drawing. This shall illustrate the automatic water control valve with all trim, trim components (including optional

components), and control panel.

• A drawing or photograph of the electrical control panel display board which shows the readouts, such as (but notlimited to): AC Power, System Alarm, Solenoid Activated, Supervisory, Detection in Zone 1, System Trouble,

System Water Flow, Circuit Trouble, Low Pressure, and Main Valve.



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FM Approvals 17

• A wiring diagram of the electrical control panel. This shall include, as a minimum:

a. The Panel Inputs, such as the manual pull station, detection, supervisory switch, control panel

protective smoke detector and water flow switch circuits.

b. The Panel Outputs, such as the solenoid release circuit, and the notification circuit and any remote

annunciator circuit.

c. Terminal Jacks for monitoring circuit conditions such as the primary and secondary power supplies

voltage and current.

• The methods for conducting alarm and trip tests, including written precautions about establishing fire patrols and

notifying the Authorities Having Jurisdiction.

• A step-by-step description of returning the system to service. This shall include, as a minimum, draining the system,

opening and closing control valves, resetting the control panel, resetting the main valve anti-resetting devices, and

re-establishing system water and supervisory pressure.

• A trouble-shooting guide that lists the trouble symptoms and directions for corrective action.

• The Manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, Operation and Testing Manual shall address the “Common Problems

with Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems” discussed in Appendix A.

3.12 Electrical Initiating System Requirements

3.12.1 All fire alarm releasing control panels when used for FM Approved preaction or deluge sprinkler systemreleasing shall include the following:

a. A statement that FM Approval requires secondary power to provide a minimum of 90 hours of standby

operation followed by a minimum of 10 minutes of releasing and alarm operation.

b.

Instructions, tables, worksheets or similar method, which permits calculation of the appropriate size ofstandby battery for the 90 hour requirement based on the panel configuration and connected load(s).

c. Statements, instructions and/or wiring diagrams indicating use of Class A (Style D or E) initiating device

circuit(s) or Class A (Style 2, 5, 6 or 7) signaling line circuits (Reference NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm

Code).

d. Statements, instructions and/or wiring diagrams indicating use of specific circuit arrangements, modules or

other devices as required in the system Approval.

e. A statement or list showing the FM Approved, compatible solenoid release valve(s) (for FM Approvedwater control valves) with which the system has been Approved, or reference to the Approval Guide listing

of AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL VALVES for this information.

f.

Statements, instructions and/or wiring diagrams indicating the maximum wiring length, size or resistance

for the releasing circuit such that the voltage across the solenoid release valve remains within theApproved range (typically 20.4 to 26.4 VDC, but is dependant upon the specific solenoid release valve).

g. Abort switches shall not be used on systems intended to perform preaction or deluge water functions.



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FM Approvals 18

3.12.2 Electrical Malfunction Tests

In order to determine compliance with NFPA72, faults including breaks, shorts and grounds are introduced in

power supply circuits, detection circuits, solenoid valve release circuits, and notification appliance circuits. Allspecified alarms and trouble indicators shall operate satisfactorily.

3.13 Materials

Corrosion resistant materials shall be utilized in mechanisms which are made up of a stationary and a moving part. For

example, in clapper type valves, the clapper shaft and latch shaft are commonly stainless steel and mounted in copper

alloy bushings. Polymer bushings and dynamic seals may be utilized. The clapper and seat are commonly made ofcopper alloy material. Components may also be coated to prevent adhesion and corrosion. The piston rod is commonly

made of stainless steel with a stainless or copper alloy piston. The rubber material of static seals, such as O-rings, shall

be selected for the intended service, evaluated for wear, water absorption, swelling, hardness, aging, and adhesion.

Diaphragms are typically reinforced with fabric which is completely encapsulated in rubber. All rubber system

components shall be of the same or very similar compound. Solenoid valves shall be completely comprised of non-

ferrous materials.

Component detail drawings shall identify the part material including a reference to a nationally or internationally

recognized specification (e.g., ASTM or ISO).

3.14 Environment

The complete deluge and preaction sprinkler systems shall be designed to operate in an environment temperature between 32ºF to 125ºF (0ºC to 52ºC). The manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions shall

include wording to the effect: “Deluge and preaction sprinkler systems described in this manual must be located in an

indoor environment above 40ºF (4ºC), which is not subject to weather, freezing temperatures, or physical damage”.

3.15 Calibration

All equipment used to verify the test parameters shall be calibrated within an interval determined on the basis ofstability, purpose, and usage of the equipment. A copy of the calibration certificate for each piece of test equipment isrequired for FM Approvals records, indicating that the calibration was performed against working standards whose

calibration is certified as traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or to other acceptable

reference standards and certified by an ISO 17025 accredited calibration laboratory. The test equipment must be clearlyidentified by label or sticker showing the last date of the calibration and the next due date. A copy of the calibration

service’s accreditation certificate as an ISO 17025, "General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and

Calibration Laboratories", calibration laboratory is required for FM Approvals records.

A certificate of calibration of recently purchased new equipment is also required. Documentation indicating either thedate of purchase or date of shipment, equipment description, model and serial number is required for identification. The

period from the time the equipment was put into service to the date of testing must be within an interval that does not

require the equipment to be calibrated as determined on the basis of the parameters mentioned above.

3.16 Tolerances

Tolerances on units of measure shall be as described in Appendix G, unless otherwise specified.



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FM Approvals 19

4. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Examination

4.1.1 Requirement

The deluge and preaction sprinkler systems shall conform to the manufacturer’s drawings and specificationsand to FM Approvals requirements.

4.1.2 Test/Verification

A sample shall be examined and compared to drawings and specifications. It shall be verified that the sampleconforms to the physical and structural requirements described in Section 3, General Requirements.

4.2 Deluge Sprinkler Systems Operational Tests

4.2.1 Wet Pilot Line Operational Tests

4.2.1.1 Requirements

Each deluge sprinkler system with wet pilot trim shall be trip tested at various system pressures from

20 psi (140 kPa) to the system maximum working pressure, in 20 psi (140 kPa) increments, by

reducing the water supply pressure in the diaphragm or piston charge line. The water pressure at the

trip point of the automatic water control valve shall be recorded. The trip point pressures and the wet pilot line height limitations, which include a factor of safety of 1.5, shall be tabulated and included in

the Report.

4.2.1.2 Test/Verification

Every size of automatic water control valve for the system submitted for Approval shall be tested. The

automatic water control valve with wet pilot trim shall be installed in the intended orientation. The

water supply pressures at the deluge valve inlet shall be varied in 20 psi (140 kPa) increments from 20

psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum working pressure, whichever is greater, by reducing the water supply pressure in the diaphragm or piston charge line. This shall be

accomplished by slowly opening a ball valve and observing the pressure gage at the connection. This

permits the water pressure in the piston or diaphragm chamber to be reduced to the trip point of theautomatic water control valve, and this pressure at trip is recorded. The results and wet pilot line

height limitations, which include a factor of safety of 1.5, shall be tabulated and included in the

Approval Report.

4.2.2 Dry Pilot Line Operational Tests


An operational test shall be conducted on the automatic water control valve, with dry pilot trim

installed in the system. The automatic water control valve shall be trip tested at various system pressures from 20 psi (140 kPa) to the system maximum working pressure, in 20 psi (140 kPa)

increments. The system pressure shall be recorded when the automatic water control valve trips, and

the pressure at the trip point shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5.0 to 30.0 psi (35 to

205 kPa) over the water supply pressure range of 20 psi (140 kPa) to the system maximum working pressure.



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FM Approvals 20

4.2.2.2 Tests/Verification

Every size of automatic water control valve submitted for Approval for this system shall be tested. The

automatic water control valve with dry pilot trim shall be installed in a vertical riser. The pilot line pressure shall be set to the manufacturer’s recommendations as contained in their Installation and

Instruction Manual. The water supply pressures at the automatic water control valve inlet shall be

varied in 20 psi (140 kPa) increments from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system

maximum working pressure, whichever is greater. The pilot line pressure shall be reduced by openinga nominal 1/2 inch orifice sprinkler head. The pilot line pressure when the valve trips shall berecorded. The pressure at the trip point shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5.0 psi to

30.0 psi (35 kPa to 205 kPa) over the water supply pressure range of 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205

kPa) or the system maximum working pressure, whichever is greater.

4.2.3 Electric Release Deluge Valve Operational Tests


An operational test shall be conducted on the automatic water control valve with the electric triminstalled in the system. The automatic water control valve shall be trip tested at various system

pressures from 20 psi (140 kPa) to the system maximum working pressure, in 20 psi (140 kPa)

increments.


Operational tests shall be conducted on the automatic water control valve(s) submitted for Approval.

The automatic water control valve with electric trim is installed in the intended orientation. Watersupply pressures at the automatic water control valve inlet shall be varied from 20 psi (138 kPa) to the

system maximum working pressure. The solenoid valve is energized open at each system pressure.

Confirmation of automatic water control valve trip shall be verified.

4.3 Single-Interlock Preaction Operational Tests

4.3.1 Electric


No false trips shall occur throughout the range of water supply pressures from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum working pressure, which ever is greater, with the operation of

an initiating device.


Every size single-interlock preaction system shall be tested. Water supply pressures shall be varied

from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system’s maximum working pressure, whichever is

greater. At each pressure, the solenoid valve shall be energized open, to simulate the operation of aninitiating device. This permits the water pressure in the chamber to be reduced to the trip point of the

valve. Confirmation of automatic water control valve trip shall be verified.



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FM Approvals 21

4.4 Double-Interlock Preaction Operational Tests

4.4.1 Pneumatic-Pneumatic Double Interlock Preaction System Operational Tests

4.4.1.1 Requirement

When configured as part of a pneumatic-pneumatic double interlock preaction system no automatic

water control valve trip shall occur, with the water supply pressure from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi(1205 kPa) or the system maximum working pressure, whichever is greater, when the pilot linesupervisory pressure is reduced by the equivalent of an open nominal 1/2 inch orifice sprinkler head.

The system supervisory pressure shall then be reduced by the equivalent of an open nominal 1/2 inch

orifice sprinkler head. The system supervisory pressure when the valve trips shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5.0 to 30.0 psi (35 to 205 kPa) over the water supply pressure range of

20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum working pressure. The sequence of

pilot/system activation shall be alternated at every 20 psi (140 kPa) increment of water supply

pressure. The automatic water control valve trip shall require both activations throughout the range of

water supply pressures. No false trips are allowed.


Operational tests shall be conducted on all sizes of Preaction Sprinkler Systems submitted forApproval. This valve is double-interlocked with two pneumatic actuators: one actuator shall be

connected to the dry pilot line and one actuator shall be connected to the supervisory system. The

automatic water control valve shall be installed in the intended orientation. The system supervisory

supply pressure and pilot line pressure shall be set to the manufacturer’s recommendations as

contained in their Installation and Instruction Manual. Water supply pressures at the automatic watercontrol valve inlet shall be varied from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum

working pressure, whichever is greater. At each water supply pressure, the pilot line pressure shall be

reduced by opening a valve equivalent to a nominal 1/2 inch orifice sprinkler head. No automaticwater control valve trip shall occur. Next, the system supervisory pressure shall be reduced by opening

a nominal 1/2 inch orifice sprinkler head, or equivalent. This dual reduction of pilot line and

supervisory pressure shall result in both pneumatic actuators opening and shall vent the water supply

pressure behind the diaphragm or piston to drain and the automatic water control valve shall trip. The

sequence of pilot/system activation shall be alternated for every 20 psi (140 kPa) increment of watersupply pressure. The system supervisory pressure when the valve trips shall be recorded and thissupervisory pressure at the trip point shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5.0 to 30.0 psi

(35 to 205 kPa) over the water supply pressure range of 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the

system maximum working pressure, whichever is greater.

4.4.2 Pneumatic-Electric Double Interlock Preaction Valve Operational Tests

4.4.2.1 Requirement

When configured as part of a pneumatic-electric double interlock system no automatic water control

valve trip shall occur with the water supply pressures at the preaction valve inlet varied from 20 psi

(140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum working pressure, whichever is greater, whenthe system supervisory pressure is reduced by the equivalent of an open nominal 1/2 inch orifice

sprinkler head. Following the reduction in system supervisory pressure the automatic water control

valve shall trip with the operation of an initiating device. The sequence of pneumatic actuator/solenoid

valve activation shall be alternated at every 20 psi (140 kPa) increment of water supply pressure.

When pneumatic activation is second, the system supervisory pressure when the valve trips is recordedand this pressure at the trip point shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5 psi (35 kPa) to 30

psi (205 kPa). The automatic water control valve trip shall require both activations throughout the

range of water supply pressures. No false trips are allowed.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 22


Operational tests shall be conducted on all sizes of Preaction Sprinkler Systems submitted for

Approval. This valve is double-interlocked with a pneumatic actuator operated by a reduction of thesystem supervisory pressure and a detector activated normally closed solenoid valve connected to the

diaphragm or piston charge line. The automatic water control valve shall be installed in a vertical riser.

The system supervisory supply pressure shall be set to the manufacturer’s recommendations as

contained in their Installation and Instruction Manual. Testing shall be conducted for various watersupply pressures from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum working

pressure, whichever is greater. No automatic water control valve trip shall occur when the system

supervisory pressure is reduced by opening a nominal 1/2 inch orifice sprinkler head, or equivalent.

Following the release of the system supervisory pressure the automatic water control valve shall tripwhen the solenoid valve is energized open, to simulate the operation of an initiating device. The

sequence of system supervisory supply/detection system operation shall be alternated for every 20 psi

(140 kPa) increment of water supply pressure. When pneumatic activation is second, the system

supervisory pressure when the valve trips is recorded and this supervisory pressure at the trip point

shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5.0 psi (35 kPa) to 30.0 psi (205 kPa).

4.4.3 Pneumatic-Electric/Electric Double Interlock Preaction System Operational Tests

4.4.3.1 Requirement

When configured as a Pneumatic-Electric/Electric Double Interlock Preaction System no automatic

water control valve trip shall occur when the system supervisory pressure is reduced by opening a

nominal 1/2 inch orifice sprinkler head prior to the operation of an initiating device. The automatic

water control valve must trip with the operation of an initiating device if the system supervisory pressure has dropped. The sequence of pressure drop/initiating device activation shall be alternated at

every 20psi (140 kPa) increment of water supply pressure. When pneumatic activation is second, the

system supervisory pressure when the valve trips is recorded and this supervisory pressure at the trip point shall be within the pressure range requirement of 5.0 psi (35 kPa) to 30.0 psi (205 kPa).

Automatic water control valve trip shall require both detection and low system supervisory pressure

throughout the range of water supply pressure. No false trips are allowed.


Operational tests shall be conducted on all sizes of automatic water control valve submitted for

Approval. This valve is double-interlocked with a normally closed solenoid valve which is wired to

the output circuit of a cross-zoned electrical control panel. A system supervisory pressure supervisoryswitch is also wired to the same panel output circuit. The automatic water control valve shall be

installed in the intended orientation. The system supervisory supply pressure shall be set to the

manufacturer’s recommendations as contained in their Installation and Instruction Manual. For various

water supply pressures from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system maximum working

pressure, the system supervisory pressure shall be reduced by opening a nominal 1/2 inch orificesprinkler head, or equivalent. No automatic water control valve trip shall occur. Following the drop of

system supervisory pressure the solenoid valve shall be then energized open, simulating the operation

of an initiating device. The automatic water control valve must trip. The sequence of pressureswitch/solenoid activation shall be alternated for every 20 psi (140 kPa) increment of water supply

pressure. When pneumatic activation is second, the system supervisory pressure when the valve trips

is recorded and this supervisory pressure at the trip point shall be within the pressure range

requirement of 5.0 psi (35 kPa) to 30.0 psi (205 kPa).

4.4.4 Horizontal Deluge and Preaction Valve Orientation

The aforementioned operational tests discussed the common vertical valve installations. If the manufacturer

also seeks Approval of valves in a different orientation, representative sizes, selected at the sole discretion ofFM Approvals shall undergo operational testing.



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FM Approvals 23

4.5 Accelerators

Accelerators shall meet the requirements of Approval Standard Class 1031, Accelerators and Exhausters. Acceleratorsare often offered by preaction sprinkler system manufacturers as optional equipment and are examined with their

preaction sprinkler systems. In addition to the requirements of Class 1031, accelerator operational tests shall be

conducted on preaction systems submitted for Approval.

4.5.1 Operational Tests


The water supply pressures shall be varied from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system

maximum working pressure, whichever is greater. The pressure in the system shall be reduced by

opening a sprinkler, or equivalent, which provides a pressure decay of from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 10 psi

(70 kPa) over a period of one minute. The time required to trip the preaction valve after sprinkler

activation shall be less than 30 seconds.


Tests shall be conducted on representative sizes of automatic water control valves submitted forApproval. Water supply pressures are varied from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the

system maximum working pressure. The system is typically an air tank with a volume of 750 gallons

(2.85 cubic meters). The air pressure in the system shall be reduced by opening a sprinkler, or

equivalent, which provides a pressure decay of from 20 psi (140 kPa) to 10 psi (70 kPa) over a period

of one minute. The time required to trip the preaction valve shall be measured from the opening of thesprinkler head.

4.6 Hydrostatic Tests – Trim Piping and Components (Excluding Solenoid Valves)

4.6.1 Diaphragm Strength/Seat Leakage

4.6.1.1 Requirement

All components with diaphragms or rubber seats shall withstand a hydrostatic pressure of 350 psi

(2415 kPa) or two times the rated working pressure, whichever is greater, across the diaphragm or

against the clapper for 5 minutes. No leakage or functional impairment shall result from this test.Following this test the component shall be fully operational.


A differential pressure of 350 psi (2415 kPa) or two times the rated working pressure, whichever isgreater, shall be applied to the outlet side of the valve with the inlet of the device open to atmosphere.

The test pressure shall be held for five minutes. During and at the conclusion of the test, no leakage,

fracture, permanent distortion or functional impairment shall occur.

4.6.2 Hydrostatic Strength

4.6.2.1 Requirement

All system components that come in contact with the system water pressure shall withstand a

hydrostatic pressure of 700 psi (4825 kPa) or four times the rated working pressure, whichever is

greater, without functional impairment, rupture, cracking or permanent distortion.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 24


With the clapper or disc in the partially open position, or the diaphragm removed, component bodies

of each size and end connection style shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test pressure of 700 psi (4825kPa) or four times the rated working pressure, whichever is greater, for a duration of five minutes.

There shall be no functional impairment, rupture, cracking, or permanent distortion to the component

body as a result of this test.

4.7 Solenoid Valve Testing

4.7.1 Voltage Variation


The valve shall open and close satisfactorily at 85 and 110 percent of nominal (24 VDC) or rated

voltage range, whichever is greater, with the inlet pressure equal to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system

rated working pressure, whichever is greater.


The solenoid valve shall be connected to a power supply. The solenoid valve shall then be subjected to

a voltage variation between 85 and 110 percent of the nominal (24 VDC) or rated voltage range,

whichever is greater. The valve shall be opened and closed with the inlet pressure equal to 175 psi

(1205 kPa) or the system rated working pressure, whichever is greater.

4.7.2 Cycle Test


Solenoid valves shall be capable of 20,000 cycles of normal operation without leakage, excessive

wear, damage or failure of any valve component.


A sample valve of each size shall be cycled 20,000 times, at a rate not exceeding 6 cycles per minute,

through its full range of travel with the inlet pressure equal to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system rated

working pressure, whichever is greater. The valves nominal rated voltage shall be used. After thecompletion of the cycling test, the valve shall be tested for leakage at 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the valves

rated working pressure, whichever is greater. No leakage shall be allowed. After testing, the valve

shall be disassembled. Parts shall be visibly examined for signs of excessive wear, damage or failure.

4.7.3 Vibration Test


Solenoid valves shall exhibit normal operation and shall not leak at 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system

rated working pressure, following a 24 hour vibration test of 0.020 inch double amplitude

displacement, with a frequency varying in the range of 10 to 30 cycles per second.


One solenoid valve of each size shall be subjected to a 24 hour vibration test of 0.020 in. (0.508 mm)

total displacement, with a frequency varying in the range of 10 to 30 cycles per second at a sweep rate

of 30 seconds (2 cycles per minute). The solenoid valves shall then be tested for normal operation andleakage with the inlet pressure equal to 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the system rated working pressure,

whichever is greater. No leakage shall be allowed. No loosening of the solenoid valve components



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 25

shall be allowed, nor failure of the solenoid valve to operate satisfactorily at the valves minimum rated

voltage (85% of nominal)..

4.7.4 Watertight Test


All solenoid valves that utilize totally encapsulated molded coils, where the actuator coil and electricalleads are potted in a one piece epoxy construction shall be watertight.


(a) The energized encapsulated molded coils shall be immersed in water without shorting.

(b) If shorting does occur, the solenoid valve shall be tested in accordance with NEMA Standards

Publication 250-2003, Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum). The valve shall be

determined to be NEMA 4 watertight.

4.7.5 Dielectric Test

4.7.5.1 Requirement

The solenoid valve shall provide the required degree of protection from electrical shock.


A minimum of two solenoid valve coils shall successfully withstand for one minute a 60 Hz dielectricstrength test of 1000 VAC plus twice the maximum rated voltage. Solenoid valve coils whose voltage

ratings are less than 30 VAC or 60 VDC shall successfully withstand 500 VAC or 710 VDC for one

minute. The dielectric strength test shall be conducted between all applicable combinations of thefollowing: power supply conductors, ground connection, other output conductors, and the valve body.

Any current leakage shall be less than 5 milliamps and there shall be no evidence of arcing or thermal

breakdown of wire or component insulation.

4.7.6 Environmental Test


Solenoid valves shall withstand an environment of 100ºF (38ºC) at 90 percent relative humidity for 24hours. The samples shall operate satisfactorily at the conclusion of the test with no increase in current

draw.


A sample solenoid valve shall be subjected to an environment of 100ºF (38ºC) at 90 percent relative

humidity for 24 hours. The sample shall then be tested for proper operation, with no increase in

current draw when compared to the pre-conditioned current draw allowed.

4.7.7 Temperature Exposure


Solenoid valves shall operate satisfactory following exposure to ambient temperatures of 32ºF (0ºC)

and 185ºF (85ºC).



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FM Approvals 26


A sample solenoid valve shall be subjected to ambient temperature of 32ºF (0ºC) for 4 hours. It shall

then be subjected to an ambient temperature of 185ºF (85ºC) for 4 hours. The valve shall then betested for proper operation at minimum, nominal and maximum rated voltage input for the device.

4.7.8 Valve Body Shell Hydrostatic


Solenoid valve bodies shall withstand a hydrostatic pressure of four times the rated working pressure

without rupture, cracking or permanent distortion.


Valve bodies of each valve size and end connection style shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test

pressure of 700 psi (4825 kPa) or four times the rated working pressure, whichever is greater, for a

duration of five minutes. The normally closed (NC) valve shall be energized open, resulting in pressurization of the entire valve body and bonnet. There shall be no visible rupture, cracking, or

permanent distortion to the valve body as a result of this test.

4.7.9 Seat Leakage


Solenoid valves shall subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 350 psi (2415 kPa) or two times the systemrated working pressure, whichever is greater. There shall be no seat leakage or damage as a result of

this test.


A solenoid valve of each size submitted for Approval shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of

350 psi (2415 kPa) or two times the system rated working pressure at the valve inlet for five minutes.

The normally closed (NC) valve shall be de-energized closed for this test. There shall be no seatleakage or damage as a result of this test.

4.8 Optional Testing

When the manufacturer applies for an Approval examination, they shall submit valve, pneumatic actuator, and anti-

resetting device assembly, and any other proprietary devices necessary for meeting the performance requirements of this

standard, along with detail drawings which are sufficiently detailed for the FM Approvals’ engineer to evaluate the

expected performance. The following optional tests may be added to the examination following the evaluation.

4.8.1 500 Cycle Test


Automatic water control valves shall be tripped for 500 cycles, seated to fully open to seated, for a

complete cycle. At the conclusion of 500 cycles, the valve shall be reset with the inlet pressure set for

175 psi (1205 kPa) or the maximum system working pressure, whichever is greater. The valve shallthen be cycled for 10 complete operations. The valve cover plate shall be removed and the valve

internals inspected. There shall be no signs of leakage, excessive component wear, or impending

failure.



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FM Approvals 27


One representative size electrically operated automatic water control valve shall be installed in a

vertical riser with an inlet water supply pressure of 120 psi (825 kPa) and atmospheric pressure on thesystem side. The valve shall be tripped for 500 cycles, seated to fully open to seated for a complete

cycle. The valve shall be reset to the manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation

Instructions at the end of each cycle. Full flow through the valve shall be observed. At the conclusion

of 500 cycles, the valve shall be reset and the inlet pressure set for 175 psi (1205 kPa) or the maximumsystem working pressure, whichever is greater. The valve shall then be cycled for 10 complete cyclesof operation. During the test the alarm test port shall be observed for leakage which may indicate

valve seat leakage. Following the 10 cycles, the valve cover plate shall be removed and the valve

internals inspected. Signs of excessive component wear or incipient failure shall be evaluated. In aclapper type valve, the fit between the clapper latch and clapper shall be examined. The latch wear

surface on the clapper may be superficial but shall not exhibit a deep groove indicative of latching

failure. The latch, latch shafts, clapper and bushings shall show no significant damage. The piston

shaft and rod seal (if so equipped) shall be undamaged. The piston diaphragm shall be examined for

signs of distortion, tears, and degradation. The clapper facing and valve seat shall be examined for

severe damage. In a diaphragm type valve, the diaphragm and seat shall be examined for damage andsigns of incipient failure.

4.8.2 Ammonia Exposure of Rubber or Rubber Coated Pneumatic Actuator Diaphragms.

The diaphragms contained in pneumatic actuators in the closed position for long periods of time customarily

are exposed to system supervisory pressure on one surface and system water on the opposite surface. In this

position, the diaphragms are subject to stresses which may result in a “set” condition which is exacerbated by

harmful environments. Although it is beyond the scope of this standard to evaluate all harmful environments towhich these systems are exposed, ammonia exposure is a common one.


A sample pneumatic actuator with the diaphragm closed shall be subjected to exposure in an

atmosphere of 35 percent ammonia, 5 percent water vapor, and 60 percent air at a constant

temperature of 93°F ± 4°F (34°C ± 2°C) for 10 days, 24 hours per day. Following the test, the

ammoniated diaphragm shall be compared with a new diaphragm for spring rate and resiliency. Ifsignificant differences are observed, the ammoniated diaphragm shall be subject to the operationaltests described in Section 4.2, Deluge Sprinkler Systems Operational Tests.


A. Section 4.8 stated that the necessity for this optional test would be determined by an evaluation by

the FM Approvals engineer. In this case, the stress in the diaphragm in the closed position is

evaluated. A flat diaphragm of uniform thickness which is highly deflected can be determined to

be highly stressed. A diaphragm with molded convolutions and short stroke would have lessresidual stress. The manufacturer shall submit production pneumatic actuators and diaphragms for

this evaluation.

B. A sample pneumatic actuator with the diaphragm closed shall be subjected to a moist ammonia

environment for a period of 10 days.

The inlet end of each sample shall be filled with deionized water and sealed with a non-reactive

material (e.g., plastic cap) so as to prevent the introduction of the ammonia atmosphere into thewaterway of the pneumatic operator. The sample to be tested shall be free from any non-

permanent protective coating and, if necessary, shall be degreased. If a permanent coating is an

inherent part of the design, such coating shall be subjected to tests as deemed necessary by FM

Approvals to evaluate its protective integrity. When feasible, the sample shall be tested in itsintended orientation.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 28

There shall be provisions in the test chamber to prevent droplets of condensation from falling

from the top of the enclosure directly onto the pneumatic actuators. Such shield or other means

shall be constructed of glass or other non-reactive materials.

The sample shall be exposed to the moist ammonia-air mixture maintained in a glass chamber

with a volume of 0.73 ± 0.43 ft3 (0.02 ± 0.01 m3).

Aqueous ammonia having a density of 58.7 ± 0.6 lb/ft3 (0.94 ± 0.01 g/cm3) shall be maintained inthe bottom of the chamber, approximately 1.5 in. (40 mm) below the bottom of the sample. A

volume of aqueous ammonia equal to 0.075 gal/ft3 ± 0.006 gal/ft3 (10 L/m3 ± 0.86 L/m3) of the

test chamber volume shall result in approximately the following atmospheric concentrations: 35

percent ammonia, 5 percent water vapor, and 60 percent air. Prior to beginning the exposure, thetest chamber shall be conditioned to a temperature of 93°F ± 4°F (34°C ± 2°C) for a period of not

less than one hour, and shall be maintained as such throughout the exposure period. The moist

ammonia-air mixture shall be maintained at essentially atmospheric pressure. Provision shall be

made for venting the chamber, such as by the use of a capillary tube, to avoid buildup of pressure.

Upon removal, the pneumatic actuator with diaphragm shall be rinsed in potable water and air

dried. Following a 48 to 96 hour drying period, visual examination of the samples shall be made.

Following the test, the ammoniated diaphragm shall be compared with a new diaphragm forspring rate and resiliency. If significant differences are observed or if the comparison is

inconclusive, the ammoniated diaphragm shall be used in an operational test described in Section

4.2, Deluge Sprinkler Systems Operational Tests with satisfactory results.

4.8.3 Cabinet Enclosures for Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems

Many Deluge and Preaction System manufacturers offer their FM Approved systems assembled in a cabinet

and shipped from their facility.

The cabinet contains the automatic water control valve, with the assembled trim and trim components, pressure

gages, switches, actuators, shut off valves, check valves, and inlet water supply manifold, all plumbed andwired together. The front door(s) of the cabinet contain(s) the electrical release control panel components (in

electrically activated systems). The AC input and DC outlet terminal strips, 90 hour stand-by backup batteries,and remote relay panels are pre-wired together and to the electrical components (for example, solenoid valves).

The control panel display board which shows the system readouts is clearly externally visible. The system

pressure gages are mounted in the door and are externally visible.

In summary, this configuration comprises an integrated fire protection system package which is assembled and

tested at the factory, and requires only the connection to the water supply inlet, water outlet (to system), maindrain, the alarm and detection connections, and the electrical power supply. Options are offered, including an

automatic air compressor, air tank, and pressure maintenance device, for maintaining system air pressure in

supervised air piping systems, all items mounted inside the enclosure.


Even if the valve system is FM Approved, the cabinet integrated system must undergo an Approval

examination. A review of the drawings and documentation shall be required. Testing shall be

determined based on the drawing and documentation review. In cases where the assembly of thecabinet is subcontracted by the valve manufacturer, the vendor facility shall have a Facilities and

Procedure Audit (see Section 5.2).



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 29


The responsible FM Approvals engineer shall review the drawings and documentation for the cabinet

system. Any testing deemed necessary shall depend on design features, results of any tests, materialapplication, or to verify the integrity and reliability of the cabinet systems. Any testing is at the sole

discretion of FM Approvals.

4.9 Electrical Initiating System Tests

4.9.1 Battery Charge/Discharge Test


System charging capability shall be examined using the largest capacity battery specified and

maximum standby and alarm loads. Discharge tests to be performed for a 90 hour standby (for

preaction/deluge) followed by a 5 minute alarm load for local protective, or 10 minute alarm load for

Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications (EVAC). The batteries shall return to a fully chargedcondition within a 48 hour recharge period.


The manufacture shall provide instructions, tables, worksheets or similar method, which permits

calculation of the appropriate size of standby battery for the 90 hour requirement based on the panel

configuration and connected load(s). The test results are considered satisfactory if the charging current

is less than 3 mA per Ah rated for the battery bank at the conclusion of the test period.

4.9.2 Device Supervision


The device circuit used to initiate the solenoid shall be supervised Class A (formerly Style D or E)

initiating device circuit(s) or Class A (Style 6 or 7, formerly Style 2, 5, 6 or 7) signaling line circuits

(Reference NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code).


The specified failure modes, short, open and ground are introduced into the signal line. Proper alarmannunciation shall occur.

4.9.3 Releasing Capability Test


The releasing voltage at the solenoid shall be sufficient to initiate release.


The specified releasing solenoid shall be evaluated with the maximum wiring length, size or resistance

for the releasing circuit. The voltage across the solenoid is measured with the lowest specified input

voltage to the fire alarm control. The voltage across the solenoid release valve shall remain within theApproved range (typically 20.4 to 26.4 VDC for a 24 VDC system) but is dependant upon the specific

solenoid release valve.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 30

4.10 Additional Tests

Additional tests may be required, depending on design features, results of any tests, material application, or to verify the

integrity and reliability of the Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems, at the sole discretion of FM Approvals.

Unexplainable failures shall not be permitted. A re-test shall only be acceptable at the sole discretion of FM Approvals

and with adequate technical justification of the conditions and reasons for failure; otherwise, a design change shall be

required.

5. OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS

A quality control program is required to assure that subsequent deluge and preaction sprinkler systems produced by the

manufacturer, at an authorized location, shall present the same quality and reliability as the specific systems examined.

Design quality, conformance to design, and performance are the areas of primary concern. Design quality is determinedduring the Approval examination and by the results of tests, and is documented in the Approval Report. Conformance to

design is verified by control of quality and is covered in the Facilities and Procedures Audit (F&PA). Quality of

performance is determined by field performance and by periodic re-examination and testing.

5.1 Demonstrated Quality Control Program

5.1.1 The manufacturer shall demonstrate a quality assurance program which specifies controls for at least the

following areas:

• Existence of corporate quality assurance guidelines;

• Incoming quality assurance, including testing;

• In-process quality assurance, including testing;• Final inspection and tests;

• Equipment calibration;

• Drawings, Operating Manuals, and specific Test Procedure change control;• Packaging and shipping;

• Handling and disposition of non-conformance materials;

In order to assure adequate traceability of materials and products, the manufacturer shall maintain records of all

quality control tests performed, and their results, for a minimum period of two years from the date ofmanufacture.

5.1.2 Documentation/Manual

The manufacturer shall provide FM Approvals with an authoritative collection of procedures and policies. Such

documentation shall provide an accurate description of the quality management system while also serving as a permanent reference for implementation and maintenance of that system. The system shall require that

sufficient records are maintained to demonstrate achievement of the required quality and verify operation of thequality system.

5.1.3 Drawing, Specification, and Document Change Control

The manufacturer shall establish a system of product configuration control that shall not allow unauthorized

changes to the product. Revisions to critical documents, identified in the Approval Report, shall be reported to,

and authorized by, FM Approvals prior to implementation in production. The manufacturer shall assign anappropriate person or group to be responsible for reporting proposed revisions to FM Approved products to FM

Approvals before implementation. The manufacturer shall notify FM Approvals of changes in the product or of

persons responsible for keeping FM Approvals advised by means of FM Approvals Form 797, FM Approved



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 31

Product/Specification-Tested Revision Request Form. In situations involving significant modifications to an

FM Approved product, the notification shall be in the form of a formal request for an Approval examination.Records of all revisions to all FM Approved products shall be maintained. Forms 797 are provided to the

manufacturer by FM Approvals.

In summary, when a manufacturer revises a drawing, specification, or document which is listed in the

controlled document list of the Approval Report, the manufacturer’s representative must submit a completed

Form 797 to FM Approvals by mail or electronically. The following information must be included: the reviseddrawing which clearly specifies the change and reason for the change; the product model and size affected; the

original FM Approvals Project ID(s); and the FM Approvals representative who should be one of the twosignatories of the original Approval Report.

5.1.3.1 The table below has been included as a guide to manufacturers of what is considered to be asignificant change to FM Approvals. As mentioned above, modifications that fit this category shall

be documented by means of a letter stating the change, and requesting an Approval examination.

Modification Description/Example

Increase of Pressure Rating The system was originally Approved for 175 psi (1205 kPa), and

now is to be evaluated to 300 psi (2070 kPa).

Addition of System Function A single interlock preaction system is Approved. The manufacturerseeks Approval of a double interlock system.

Addition of Product Sizes The system was originally Approved for 1 – 4 inch NPS, and nowApproval of 6 and 8 inch NPS is desired.

Addition or Relocation of the

Manufacturing Location

The product was originally Approved in location A, and now is

desired to be made in locations A and B, or only in location B.

Change in ManufacturingProcess

Change of a pressure-containing component from machined barstock to a sand casting.

Changes to Critical Design,

Dimensions, Materials,Hydraulic and Electrical

Components.

Pressure containing component wall thickness change.

Clapper, Diaphragm, Actuator, or Release redesign: change incomponent shape and/or material used.

Different or Alternative Solenoid Valves, Control Panels, Pressure

Switches used.

5.1.3.2 The table below has been included as a guide to manufacturers of modifications that are commonly

submitted on FM Approvals Form 797.

Modification Description/Example

Change in Company ContactInformation

Company Name, Contact Name, Title, Phone Number, Fax Number,Email Address, Company Office Address.

Updating of Drawings The Form 797 is used to notify FM Approvals in the event of: minor

dimensional changes to non-critical features, minor changes in

notes, location of title block, re-creation of the same drawing onCAD, etc.

Changes in Markings Please describe what changes are to be made and include a drawing

of the proposed marking.

Changes in Materials Where new material is either comparable, or superior, to material

used in original Approval. NOTE: What may appear to be a

comparable or even superior material may in fact not perform as

well as the existing material. FM Approvals should be contacted

by the manufacturer very early in the planning process if amaterial change is being contemplated.

Updating of Documentation Creation of New or Revisions to Sales literature, InstallationInstructions, Quality Manual, etc.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 32

5.1.3.3 For instances where the modification is difficult to categorize, manufacturers are encouraged to

contact FM Approvals to discuss the nature of the change, and inquire about how to send the

information to FM Approvals. The examples shown in Sections 5.1.3.1 and 5.1.3.2 are based on

common examples of modifications as they relate to the manufacture of deluge and preactionsprinkler systems.

5.1.3.4 FM Approvals, at its sole discretion, shall determine when additional testing is necessary to validate

proposed changes.

5.2 Facilities and Procedures Audit (F&PA)

5.2.1 An audit of the manufacturing facility is part of the Approval investigation to verify implementation of the

quality control program. Its purpose is to determine that the manufacturer's equipment, procedures, and quality

program are maintained to insure a consistently uniform and reliable product. Initial inspections of facilities

already producing similar Approved products may be waived at the discretion of FM Approvals.

5.2.2 Unannounced follow-up inspections shall be conducted at least annually by FM Approvals, or its designate, todetermine continued compliance. More frequent audits may be required by FM Approvals. Satisfactory field

experience is the final test of Approval. Unsatisfactory field experience because of FM Approved equipment

malfunction may necessitate withdrawal of Approval. Satisfactory field experience often is determined by theadequacy of the final sprinkler system layout and installation in the FM Global insured location. Therefore, this

Standard emphasizes common problems experienced with these systems, and includes recommendations for

manufacturers to include in their valve designs, as well as in their Installation, Maintenance, Operation and

Testing Manuals. The intent is to assist the system designer, end-user, and installation contractor in the

installation, maintenance, debugging, and resetting of these systems.

5.2.3 The manufacturer shall manufacture the product or service only at the location(s) audited by FM Approvals and

as specified in the Approval Report. Manufacture of products bearing the FM Approvals Certification Mark isnot permitted at any other locations without prior written authorization by FM Approvals.

5.3 Installation Inspections

FM Approvals engineers frequently inspect deluge and preaction sprinkler system installations in FM Global insuredfacilities. The inspections are conducted because major malfunctions in these systems often result in loss of automatic

fire protection, notification of the Authority Having Jurisdiction, establishment of fire patrols in the affected zone(s),

significant production downtime, furloughed employees, product and facility equipment loss, high maintenance costs,and expensive follow-up system modifications. These inspections are conducted to evaluate: (1) the performance of the

manufacturer’s Approved Deluge and Preaction Systems; (2) the installation relative to the manufacturer’s Installation,

Maintenance, Operation and Testing Manuals; (3) the installation relative to FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data

Sheets, NFPA Standards, and this Approval Standard. The results of these evaluations are disseminated to FM Global

field engineers and FM Approvals, particularly if the observed installation anomalies are reoccurring and can beanticipated in other similar insured locations. Of course, the system manufacturers are notified if their equipment

performance is deficient so that appropriate corrective action can be taken. Additionally, if chronic problems relative to

system installation are observed, the manufacturer may be asked to revise their Installation, Maintenance, Operation andTesting Manuals.

5.4 Manufacturer's Responsibilities

The manufacturer shall notify and receive authorization from FM Approvals for changes in product construction, design,

components, raw materials, physical characteristics, coatings, component formulation or quality assurance procedures

prior to implementation of such changes.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 33

5.5 Manufacturing and Production Tests

5.5.1 Operational Tests

The manufacturer shall test 100 percent of production Deluge and Preaction Sprinkler Systems for proper

operation. The system shall operate as detailed in Section 4 for the type of system being tested.

5.5.2 Seat Leakage Tests

The manufacturer shall test 100 percent of automatic water control valves for seat leakage at the rated working

pressure. The pressure shall be held for a minimum of 1 minute with no evidence of leakage past the valve seat.

5.5.3 Hydrostatic Tests

The manufacturer shall test 100 percent of automatic water control valves for body integrity to two times the

rated working pressure. The pressure shall be held for a minimum of 1 minute with no evidence of body

leakage or distortion.



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FM Approvals 34

APPENDIX A: Common Problems with Deluge and Preaction

Sprinkler Systems

The purpose of the following is to explain common problems that have been encountered in FM Global insured locations of

large industrial properties due to malfunctioning of deluge and preaction sprinkler systems. This is included in this Approval

Standard for various reasons:

• To encourage the deluge and preaction systems manufacturer to include specific and detailed recommendations to

address these problems in their “Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions” that are shipped with the valve

systems.

• To assist the system designer, end-user and installation contractor in the installation, maintenance, debugging, and

resetting of these systems. It must be emphasized that false trips and non-trips often result in system impairments which

could result in significant production downtime, product and facility equipment loss, and maintenance costs.

A.1 False Deluge and Preaction Valve Trips – Water and Air Pressure Supply Design

A.1.1 Air Supply Pressure and Capacity

Figures C-9 and C-10 in Appendix C should be referred to in the following discussions.

Figure C-9 illustrates a simplified, but common, air supply design for providing supervisory system air pressure

to preaction systems. Supervisory air pressure is a small range of pressure specified by the system manufacturerthat must be maintained in the riser and sprinkler piping when the system is in the set position. Figure C-9

illustrates two valves feeding two sprinkler zones, but it is not uncommon that dozens of valves and zones are

fed by a common air supply provided by a single large compressor. The compressor shall be sized by thesprinkler system designer to provide adequate air volume and pressure to all zones based upon calculations of

total air pressure leakage in the set position.

The valve manufacturer typically specifies the need for an Air Maintenance Device (AMD) for supervisory

pressure regulation. The AMDs shown on Figur e C-9 and C-10 are the simplest and most common. The fast fillline incorporates a larger bore ball valve for initial pressurizing of the system. This ball valve is closed during

system set so that air flow is through the U-leg containing the ball check, pressure adjustment regulator, and

restrictor orifice. The check valve is to “lock in” the air pressure in the system set position and to maintain

pressure to compensate for system air leaks. In the event of an activated sprinkler, the restrictor orifice,commonly about 0.125 inch diameter, limits the air flow into the riser to a rate less than that released by an

open sprinkler so that the sprinkler piping is not re-pressurized. Otherwise, the pneumatic actuator would not

open and the automatic water control valve would not trip.

The AMD shown in the air supply header of Figure C-9, directly downstream of the large air compressor, is a

single AMD installed to feed all automatic water control valves and sprinkler system zones in an area. This

arrangement is a very common reason for false trips and shall not be utilized. The reason is that the air flow

through the single AMD is severely restricted by the small orifice and the pressure regulator. The regulator hasa very small air capacity when compared to the output of the large compressor upstream of the AMD. As a

result, the air supply to all systems is not sufficient to maintain the supervisory pressure regulation. In “normal”

conditions with no sprinkler activation, one or several systems may trip merely because of the air pressure dropat the pneumatic actuator which results because the air leaks in the total system exceed the available aircapacity. If a sprinkler in one zone is activated, the resultant air flow into that zone can cause system air

pressure drops in other zones, despite the check valves shown, and false trip other automatic water control

valves in other sprinkler zones.

False trips in commercial food freezers are especially problematic because the water in the sprinkler piping becomes frozen. The fire protection system must be shut down, and the sprinkler piping and components

dismantled and/or replaced. Even when double-interlocked preaction systems are installed in a freezer

warehouse, false trips are a common problem. The reason is that both activations required to flow water into the



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 35

sprinkler piping, sprinkler and detector activation, occur simultaneously when a forklift truck strikes and

damages both sets of components which are installed in the food storage racks.

Figure C-10 of the Appendix illustrates the preferred arrangement of one air maintenance device for eachautomatic water control valve. In this configuration, each sprinkler system zone is provided with independent

supervisory pressure regulation which is not affected by other zones. More importantly, the relatively large pipe

air supply header from the large compressor delivers full air capacity to the several AMD’s and their individual

automatic water control valves.

A.1.2 Water Supply Pressure

Figure C-10 in the Appendix should be referred to in the following discussion.

Both valves shown in Figure C-10 have a small (commonly 1/2 inch NPS) pipe assembly between the water

supply header and either the piston or diaphragm charge line. This water supply pressure in the piston of

diaphragm charge line maintains the automatic water control valves in the closed position. This is sometimes

referred to as the system set position. A check valve in this pipe assembly is installed in order to maintain the

pressure in the charge line in the event that the supply pressure in the water supply header is shut off. Shut offof the water supply pressure is a common occurrence, such as when a fire pump is undergoing maintenance.

This pressure shut off may prevail for an extended period of time, during which small leaks of water out the

charge line piping, or back through the check valve, will reduce the pressure holding the piston or diaphragmclosed. When this pressure is reduced sufficiently, the automatic water control valves may tend to open. In the

clapper type, shown on the right, the piston will retract and the clapper latch will disengage. In the diaphragm

type, on the left, the diaphragm may move up off its seat. In both cases, the charge line venting devices will

operate. The effect of this scenario is that the automatic water control valves must be reset in conjunction with

the re-establishment of water supply pressure in the header. Otherwise, with the inlet shutoff valve open and thewater supply pressure restored, water will flow through the valves to the sprinkler piping inadvertently.

The manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions shall clearly identify this possibilityand the steps necessary to reset the system in the event of water supply shutoff.

A.2 Priming Water/ Ice Plugs/ Corrosion

Figure C-11 in Appendix C should be referred to in the following discussion.

Many earlier designs of automatic water control valves called for priming water to be utilized in the valve at all times.

This pool of water in the valve body above the clapper is maintained to effect the seal between the valve clapper, or

disc/diaphragm and the valve seat. Priming cups were included in the trim so that the replenishment of priming waterwould be part of the valve maintenance. These valves with priming water are still installed in the field, and the

manufacturer’s maintenance instructions shall be followed.

However, many modern designs of automatic water control valves do not require priming water, and this fact must be

identified in the manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions. Additionally, the manufacturershall provide a low point drain in the valve body, in order to drain all water above the valve seat, and an explanation for

use in the operation instructions, in particular in the valve resetting procedure.

The illustration on the left of Figure C-11 shows a pool of priming water above the clapper as a result of trip tests. The

system drain valve was opened to drain the riser, but the location of this drain valve often prevents a complete draining

of the water pool at the bottom of the valve body. Therefore, if the valve does not require priming water, the valve

manufacturer shall provide a tapped plug at the low point, a provision for installation of a small drain valve. The

manufacturer’s Installation, Maintenance, and Operation Instructions shall include a statement that priming water is notrequired and that the draining of the water pool shall be conducted whenever the valve trips and the system is reset.

The illustration on the right side of Figure C-11 shows a double-interlocked preaction valve installed in a freezer

installation. For purposes of this discussion, this modern valve does not require priming water or the installation of astandard check valve in the riser above it. However, if the lower body is not drained of water, NFPA 13 stipulates the



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 36

installation of the additional check valve shown with a 1/32 inch diameter hole in the clapper (or a pipe bypass around

the check valve with a 1/32 inch diameter orifice). The 1/32 inch diameter hole allows for system pressure to

communicate with the sprinkler piping, but precludes the formation of ice plugs where the sprinkler piping penetrates

into the freezer. A complete discussion is in Sections 7.9.2 and A.7.9.2 of the 2007 Edition of NFPA 13.

Some current valves include a standard riser check valve in the riser above the automatic water control valve in double-

interlock sprinkler systems in order to contain the sprinkler system air pressure. If a water pool is present above this

standard check valve, the additional check valve (1/32 in. hole) is required. In this scenario, there would be two checkvalves in the riser above the preaction valve. In summary, the manufacturer shall identify whether priming water isrequired in the standard riser check valve, and if not, provide means for its draining and identify this in the reset

procedure.

The presence of a pool of stagnant water in the valve body is a source for long term corrosion on the inner surfaces of

these iron valves. Unlike the filled inlet pipe below the valve element, this pool of water with a free surface in contact

with the sprinkler system air leads to accelerated corrosion. Heavy rust, scale, and tubercles are formed on the valve

interior over time. These tubercles are corrosion nodules with hard and soft components which are susceptible to

dislodgement during flow through the valve. These dislodged nodules may result in interference and clogging of the

numerous valve mechanisms including orifices, strainers, accelerators, actuators and alarm lines, for example. This isanother important reason for the manufacturer to identify whether priming water is required in the standard riser check

valve, and if not, provide means for its draining and identify in the reset procedure.

A.3 Long Term Adhesion of Rubber Valve Discs and Seats

Examination of all of the Figures in Appendix C demonstrates that common deluge and preaction systems are

characterized by numerous valves with rubber discs and non-ferrous seats. These valves include the main valve, piston

or diaphragm actuator, pneumatic actuator(s), charge line vent and shutoff devices, supervisory pressure switches,accelerators, dynamic seals, rubber seated check valves, and some detectors.

All these valves are closed for long periods of time in the system set position. Therefore, the disc and seat aresusceptible to adhering together and can result in trip delays and even no trips over time. In addition, contaminants

entering the air or water supply may accelerate this adhesion. One example is excessive ammonia gas from refrigerant

systems entering the air supply of double-interlock preaction systems and affecting the rubber discs.

The rubber discs shall be designed to help preclude adhesion. Commonly, manufacturers are also coating the non-ferrous seats with various non-stick materials and this is encouraged.

An examination for Approval may require testing for adhesion over time to evaluate the effects of long term seating in

chemical atmospheres.

It should be noted that a basic requirement in supervisory air pressure sprinkler systems is that the chamber air pressure

at valve trip should exceed 5.0 psi (35 kPa). One reason for this, in addition to providing a common baseline for all

systems, is that it attempts to ensure that sufficient force is available to actuate the aforementioned disc/seat devices

when called for.



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FM Approvals 37

APPENDIX B: FM Approvals Certification Marks

FM Approvals certification marks are to be used only in conjunction with products or services that have been FM Approved by

FM Approvals and in adherence with usage guidelines.

FM APPROVED mark:Authorized by FM Approvals as a certification mark for any product that has been FMApproved. There is no minimum size requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to

be readily identifiable. The mark should be produced in black on a light background, or in

reverse on a dark background.

FM APPROVED mark with "C" only:

Authorized by FM Approvals as a certification mark for any product that has been evaluated

by FM Approvals in accordance with Canadian codes and standards. There is no minimumsize requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to be readily identifiable. The mark

should be produced in black on a light background, or in reverse on a dark background.

FM APPROVED mark with "C" and "US":

Authorized by FM Approvals as a certification mark for any product that has been evaluated

by FM Approvals in accordance with US and Canadian codes and standards. There is nominimum size requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to be readily identifiable.

The mark should be produced in black on a light background, or in reverse on a dark

background.

Cast-On FM APPROVALS marks:

Where reproduction of the FM APPROVED mark described above is impossible because of

production restrictions, use these modified versions of the FM APPROVED mark. There is nominimum size requirement for the mark, but it must be large enough to be readily identifiable.

Downloadable art and other FM Approvals resources are available by visiting our Web site at

www.fmapprovals.com



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FM Approvals 38

FM Approvals Certification Marks

Usage Guidelines

All FM Approvals certification marks are the sole

property of FM Approvals LLC (“FM Approvals”)

and are registered or the subject of applications forregistration in the United States and many other

countries. They are for use only according to these

guidelines.

FM Approvals certification marks may be used

only on FM Approved products and related

product packaging, in advertising material,

catalogs and news releases. Use of FM Approvals

certification marks on such material is not asubstitute for use of the complete FM Approvals

certification mark on FM Approved products

and/or product packaging.

No FM Approvals certification mark or aspect

thereof may be incorporated as part of a businessname, Internet domain name, or brand

name/trademark for products/product lines. Thisincludes both design aspects (the FM Approvals

“diamond,” etc.) and word aspects (“FM,”

“Approved,” etc.). The use of any FM Approvalscertification mark as a trademark is strictly

prohibited.

The Approval Standard number or class numbermay not be incorporated as part of a business

name, Internet domain name, or brand

name/trademark for products/product lines. For

example, a company may not say “ABCCompany’s 4100 Fire Door is FM Approved”; the

proper terminology is, “ABC Company’s Fire

Door is FM Approved per Approval Standard

4100.”

FM Approvals certification marks, except for the

FM Approvals Quality System Registration mark,

may not be used on business

stationery/cards/signage because this couldmischaracterize the relationship with FM

Approvals. Additionally, these items should not

reference any FM Approvals certification mark.

Products or services may not be marketed under

any mark or name similar to “FM Global,” “FM

Approvals” or any of the FM Approvalscertification marks. Further, products or services

may not be marketed to imply a relationship

beyond the scope of any Approval made by FM

Approvals.

When an FM Approvals certification mark is used

in advertising material or on product packaging,

all material must reflect the specific circumstances

under which the product was FM Approved. Thematerial must clearly differentiate between

products that are FM Approved and those that are

not, and may not, in any way, imply a moresubstantial relationship with FM Approvals.

A company may not reference the intent to submita product for Approval or the expectation that a

company will have a certain product FMApproved in the future. For example, a company

may not state, “Approval by FM Approvals

pending” or “Approval by FM Approvals appliedfor.”

FM Approvals certification marks should not be

preceded or followed by a qualifier that indicates adegree of certification or acceptability. For

example, “exceeds,” “first” or “only” may not be

used to qualify any FM Approvals certification

mark.

Only original artwork issued by FM Approvalsshould be used. The FM Approvals certification

marks should not be altered in any way other thanto resize the artwork proportionately.

Unacceptable uses of the marks include, but are

not limited to, adding/deleting wording or artwork,

reducing the artwork to an illegible size, animation

or distortion.

The text of the FM Approvals certification marks

may not be translated into any language other thanEnglish.

FM Approvals certification marks must appear in

a size and location that is readily identifiable, but

less prominent than the name of the owner of thecertification or the manufacturer/seller/distributor

of the certified products.



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FM Approvals 39

W e t P i l o t

L i n e

H y d r a u l i c

R a t e - o f - R i s e

D r y P i l o t

L i n e

R e f e r e n c e S e c t i o n 3 . 2 . 1

P n e u m a t i c


T o O p e n D e l u g e

S p r i n k l e r s

E l e c t r i c

D e t e c t o r

E l e c t r i c

P i s t o n

C h a m b e r

C l a p p e

r - T y p e

V a l v e

S h

u t - o f f

V

a l v e

C h e c k

V a l v e

O r i f i c e

P n e u m a t i c

A c t u a t o r s

T o D r a i n

( A t m o s p h e r e )

T o D r a i n


T o D r a i n


T o D r a i n


R e l e a s i n g

P a n e l

M a n u a l

P u l l S t a t i o n

W a t e r S u p p l y

P r e s s u r e

P i s t o n

C h a r g e L i n e

P i l o t L i n e A i r

P r e s s u r e f r o m

A i r M a i n t e n a n c e

D e v i c e

N C S o l e n o i d

V a l v e

APPENDIX C: Figures

C-1. Deluge Releasing Systems with Clapper Type Valve



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 40


W

e t P i l o t

L i n e

H y d r a u l i c


D

r y P i l o t

L i n e

P n e u m a t i c


E l e c t r i c

E l e c t r i c

D e t e c t o r

T o O p e n D e l u

g e

S p r i n k l e r s

R e l e a s i n g

P a n e l

P n e u m a t i c

A c t u a t o r s

P i l o t L i n e A i r

P r e s s u r e f r o

m

A i r M a i n t e n a n

c e

D e v i c e

T o D r a i n

( A t m o s p h e

r e )

T o D r a i n


T o D r a i n

( A t m o s p h e

r e )

T o D r a i n


M a n u a l P u l l

S t a t i o n


P r e s s u r e

S h u t O f f

V a l v e

C h e c k

V a l v e

O r i f i c e

D i a p h r a g m

C h a r g e L i n e

N C S o l e n o i d

V a l v

e

D i a p h r a g m

C h a m b e r

C-2. Deluge Releasing Systems with Diaphragm Type Valve



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 41

C l o s e d

S p r i n k l e r s

W a t e

r S u p p l y P r e s s u r e

C h e c k

V a l v e

C l a p p e r T y p e

V a l v e S h o w n

P i s t o n

C h a m b e r

P i s t o n

C h a r g e L i n e O r

i f i c e

N C S o l e n o i d

V a l v e

M a n u a l P u l l

S t a t i o n

R e l e a s i n g

P a n e l

E l e c t r i c

D e t e c t o r

P n e u

m a t i c


E l e c t r i c

P n e u m a t i c

A c t u a t o r

T o D r a i n


T o

D r a i n

( A t m

o s p h e r e )

T o D r a i n


N o t e 1 : P i l o t L i n e a n d S y s t e m A i r P r e s s u

r e

s h a l l b e i n d e p e n d e n t


H y d r a u l i c


S

h u t o f f

V a l v e

S y s t e m A i r P r e s s u r e

f r o m A

i r M a i n t e n a n c e

D e v i c e ( S e e N o t e )

P i l o t L i n e

A i r P r e s s u r e

( S e e N o t e )

C-3. Preaction, Single-Interlock Releasing Systems



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 42

Manual PullStation

To Drain(Atmosphere)


Shut Off ValveWater SupplyPressure

Water SupplyPressure

CheckValve

Orifice

Reference Section 3.3.2.1

NC SolenoidValve

ReleasingPanel

Heat ActuatedDetector

Pneumatic Actuator

ClosedSprinklers

DiaphragmCharge Line

System Air Pressurefrom Air Maintenance

Device

C-4. Preaction, Double-Interlock Releasing System, Pneumatic/Electric



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 43

ManualPull

Station

Orifice

Check

Valve

Shut off Valve

ClosedSprinkler

See View “A”

Heat ActuatedDetector

ControlPanel

Air PressureSupervisory Switch

NC SolenoidValve

To Drain(Atmosphere) To Drain

(Atmosphere)

HeatDetector

InputPressure

SwitchInput




View “A”

System Air Pressurefrom Air Maintenance

Device

Cross-ZonedInitiatingCircuits#1 #2

C-5. Preaction, Double-Interlock Releasing System, Electric/Pneumatic-Electric



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 44

PilotSystem

ClosedSprinkler



ManualPull Station

Orifice



CheckValve

Shut Off Valve


ClosedSprinklers

Sprinkler System

Release System Air Pressure must

be Independentfrom System Air Pressure

Pneumatic Actuators


System Air Pressure from Air

MaintenanceDevice

C-6. Preaction, Double-Interlock Releasing System, Pneumatic/Pneumatic



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 45

To SystemSprinklers

PistonChamber

Clapper Type Valve

OrificeLatch

CheckValve

Shut Off Valve

Clapper LatchedOpen after Tripped

Mechanical Clapper Latch (Section 3.4.1)

C-7. Deluge and Preaction Valve Anti-Resetting Devices - Mechanical Clapper Latch



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 46

Pneumatic Actuator

WetPilotLine

ChargeLine

Charge LineVent Valve

PistonChamber

To SystemSprinklers

SolenoidValve

To Drain

To Drain

Water Supply

Line

Water Supply

Shut Off Valve

Clapper TypeValve

Charge Line Vent Valve (Section 3.4.2)

Water Supply Shut Off Valve (Section 3.4.3)

CheckValve

C-8. Deluge and Preaction Valve Anti-Resetting Devices - Charge Line Vent or Water Supply Shut off Valve



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 47

W a t e r S

u p p l y H e a d e r

S y s t e m

1 -

C l o s e d S p

r i n k l e r s

S y s t e m 2 -

C l o s e d S p r i n k l e r s

C h e c k

V a l v e

C h e c k

V a l v e


D e v i c

e - A M D

A i r S u p p l y

H e a d e r

O r i f i c e

W a t e r

S u p p l y

L i n e

L a r g e A i r

C o m

p r e s s o r

A i r S u p p l y t o

O t h e r S y s t e m s

S u p e r v i s o r y


S u p e r v i s o r y


P n e u m a t i c

A c t u a t o r

C h e c k

V a l v e

O n e A M D

t o S u p p l y

M u l t i p l e

S y s t e m s

A i r

F l o w

R e s t r i c t o r

O r i f i c e

P r e s s u r e

R e g u l a t o r

C h e c k

V a l v e

S h u t O f f

V a l v e

F a s t

F i l l

( N C )

T o D r a i n

T o D r a i n

W

a t e r S u p p l y I n

C h e c k

V a l v e

C-9. Deluge and Preaction Systems and Air Supply with one AMD

NOT AN ACCEPTABLE INSTALLATION (See Appendix A1.1)



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 48

S y s t e m

1 -

C l o s e d

S p r i n k l e

r s

S y s t e m 2 -

C l o s e d

S p r i n k l e r s

W a t e r S u p p l y H e a d e r L

a r g e A i r

C o m p r e s s o r

A i r S u p p l y

H e a d e r

P n

e u m a t i c

A

c t u a t o r

C l a p p e r

T y p e V a l v e

A i r

S u p p l y H e a d e r t o

M

u l t i p l e S y s t e m s -

e a c h w i t h a s i n g l e A M D

W a t e r

S u p p l y I n

W a t e r S u p p l y t o

P i s t o n C h a m b e r

C h e c k

V a l v e

C h e c k

V a l v e

O r i f i c e

O r i f i c e

C h e c k

V a l v e

S h u t O f f

V a l v e

F a s t

F i l l ( N C )

P r e s s u r e

R e g u l a t o r

R e s t r i c t o r

O r i f i c e


D e v i c e ( A M D )

D i a p h r a g m

T y p e V a l v e


t o D i a p h r a g m

C h a m b e r

C h e c k

V a l v e

T o D r a i n

T o D r a i n


D e v i c e ( A M D )

C-10. Deluge and Preaction Systems and Air Supply with Multiple AMD’s

ACCEPTABLE INSTALLATION (See Appendix A1.1)



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FM Approvals 49

V a l v e B o d y

L o w P o i n t

D r a i n

W a t e r L e v e l

A f t e r T r i p

S y s t e m

D r a i n V a l v e

H e a t e d R o o m

F r e e z e r

T o S p r i n k l e r s

i n F r e e z e r

1 / 3 1 i n . D i a . H o l e

i n c l a p p e r

A d d i t i o n a l

C h e c k V a l v e

R e f e r e n c e A p p e n d i x A

. 2

C-11. Priming Water, Ice Plugs, and Corrosion (see Appendix A.2)



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 50

APPENDIX D: Fire Alarm Signaling Systems - Test Outline

FM Approvals Electrical Section Class 3010

The following test outline is largely based on NFPA 72 “The National Fire Alarm Code” 2007 Edition and other applicable FM

Standards. References to the appropriate NFPA standard and Section describing the specific requirement pertaining to a Fire

Alarm Signaling System may be included.

This outline provides information regarding the typical tests that are required by FM Approvals. FM Approvals reserves the

right to modify this outline as required to suit the specific tests needs of a given piece of equipment.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS

Test Description

1 Enclosures

2 Normal Operation

3 Power Supply/Electrical Supervision4 Circuit Supervision (IDC)

5 Smoke Detector Compatibility

6 Circuit Supervision (NAC)

7 Circuit Supervision (SLC)8 SLC Device Compatibility

9 Voltage Variations

10 Environmental Conditioning

11 Battery Charge/Discharge12 Vibration

13 Dielectric/Shock

14 Equipment Load Rating15 Battery Circuit Reverse Polarization

16 Protective Grounding

17 Protection From Fire

18 RFI Immunity

19 Surge Line Transient Tests

20 Marking Requirements

SPECIAL SYSTEM FEATURES/APPLICATIONS (OPTIONAL)

Test Description

21 Release Circuits:

A) Automatic Extinguishing Release Applications

B) Pre-Action and Deluge Release Applications 22 Cross Zoning

23 Confirmation/Verification

24 Presignal

25 Positive Alarm Sequence

26 Drift Compensation27 Guards Tour

28 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Service29 Sound Pressure Level Tests30 Auxiliary Service

31 Central Supervising Station Systems

32 Remote Supervisory Station Systems

33 Proprietary Supervisory Station Systems



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 51

BASIC SYSTEM TEST REQUIREMENTS

1. Enclosures

Claimed NEMA (__) or IP (__) ratings will be verified in accordance with current issues of each standard (ref. NEMA

250-1991 or IEC 529 1989-11 as appropriate).

2. Normal Operation

A sample of each system or module must be provided. The sample is required to be pre-programmed and madeoperational to the NFPA 72 criteria specified in the installation manual. Demonstrations or simulations at maximum

rated loads of power supplies, IDC, SLC and NAC will be required. Alarm, trouble and supervisory functions will be

demonstrated & verified. Note: Refer to project proposal letter for a complete list of equipment required for testing.

3. Power Supply/Electrical Supervision

Proper operation and supervision of primary and secondary power sources shall be verified.

4. Circuit Supervision (IDC)

Proper supervision and operation of all IDC circuit(s) shall be verified in accordance with NFPA classifications (NFPA

ref. Table 3-5)

5. Smoke Detector Compatibility

All two wire detectors shall be verified for operational compatibility with the control interfaces (NFPA ref. 1-5.3).

Compatibility shall be limited to FM Approved devices only. Note: UL compatibility data forms may be used in lieu of

FM testing.

6. Circuit Supervision (NAC)

Proper supervision and operation of all NAC circuit(s) shall be verified in accordance with NFPA classifications (NFPA

ref. table 3-7). Operational compatibility shall be limited to FM Approved devices with compatible V and I ratings.

7. Circuit Supervision (SLC)

Proper supervision and operation of all SLC circuit(s) in accordance with NFPA classifications (NFPA ref. table 3-6)shall be verified. In addition, any supplemental circuit will be verified under fault conditions with normal panel

operation required.

8. SLC Device Compatibility

All SLC devices (detectors input/output modules) shall be verified for operational compatibility with the control

interfaces (NFPA ref. 1-5.3). All compatible devices must be FM Approved.

9. Voltage Variations

Normal operation of the system at 85 to 110 percent of rated primary and secondary power supplies at minimum andmaximum loads shall be verified (NFPA ref. 1-5.5).

10. Environmental Conditioning

Consists of 4 hours at 32°F and 120°F (0°C and 49°C) and 24 hours at 100°F (38°C) and 90 percent relative humidity

while powered at nominal AC voltages with DC outputs circuits loaded to the maximum standby current. Note: Original

UL test data may be used in lieu of FM testing if equivalent temperature and humidity extremes used.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 52

11. Battery Charge/Discharge

System charging capability shall be examined using the largest capacity battery specified and maximum standby and

alarm loads. Discharge tests shall be performed for a 24 hour standby period (for local protective signaling), 60 hour

standby period (for auxiliary and remote station), or 90 hour standby (for preaction/deluge), followed by a 5 minute

alarm load for local protective, or 10 minute alarm load for EVAC. A 48 hour recharge period is allowed to return the

batteries to a fully charged condition, as determined by comparing V & I readings with those obtained originally.

12. Vibration

Consists of a 4 hour vibration test with a total displacement of 0.02 in. (0.5mm) and sweep frequency of 10-30-10 at 2-cycles/minute on system components. This test will be limited to a small enclosure (minimum system) and not a

maximum system configuration.

13. Dielectric

Performed at 1000 plus 2 times the rated voltage for one minute on circuits rated above 30 VAC or 60 VDC.

14. Equipment Load Rating

While powered at nominal rated voltages (VAC), the measured loads (I AC) shall not exceed the maximum specified on

the equipment name plate and/or installation instructions.

15. Battery Circuit Reverse Polarization

The battery connections are reversed to demonstrate the ability of the equipment to fail in a safe mode. Note: This test

may be waived if polarized connectors or other mechanical means eliminate the possibility of a mis-connection during

installation & tests.

16. Protective Grounding

Positive ground terminal provisions shall be provided.

17. Transformer Failure

The secondaries of line voltage connected transformers shall be short circuited to demonstrate the ability of theequipment to fail in a safe mode.

18. RFI Immunity

Radio frequency interference tests at 155, 450, and 850 MHZ (5w) at distances as close as 2 ft. (0.6 m) shall be

performed on the system.

19. Surge Line Transient Tests

• Tests shall be performed tested at 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,400 volts on each input and output circuit.• The power supply shall able to withstand surge line transients of 6 kV superimposed on the main line input.• Protection against internally induced transients shall be verified. The power to the control shall be cycled five

hundred times while monitoring the releasing circuits for instability. The equipment shall not false alarm, and shall

operate as intended, and retain its required stored memory. Note: Original UL test data may be used in lieu of FM

testing.

20. Marking Requirements

Control drawings must be provided that indicates the Name and Model information for the equipment, the operating

specifics, and use and location of the FM Approvals Certification mark.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 53

SPECIAL SYSTEM FEATURES/APPLICATIONS

Proper demonstration of the following requirements may not be required. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation regarding

specific capabilities.

21. Release Circuits

Proper supervision and operation of all release circuits shall be verified. Proper operation (actuation) verified as well asno false tripping/dumping for the period of 500 power on/off cycles.

A. Automatic Extinguishing Release Applications

Release circuit voltages shall remain between 20.4-26.4 under all load conditions.

B. Pre-Action and Deluge Release Applications

Each circuit must be compatibility tested with FM Approved devices (reference: Automatic Water Control Valves,groups A-H). Wiring instructions that clearly detail FM Approvals requirements: i.e., Class A initiating circuits; 90

hr standby; solenoid connection, list compatible devices and specify maximum wiring losses in order to maintain

20.4V at the valve.

22. Cross Zoning

Proper operation of any cross zone application shall be successfully demonstrated (includes counting zones, virtualzones and the like).

23. Confirmation/Verification

Proper operation of any detector confirmation application shall be successfully demonstrated.

24. Pre-signal

Proper operation of pre-signal capability shall be successfully demonstrated.

25. Positive Alarm Sequence

Proper operation of positive alarm sequence shall be successfully demonstrated.

26. Drift Compensation

Proper operation of detector drift compensation shall be successfully demonstrated.

27. Guards Tour

Proper operation of Guards Tour Supervisory Service shall be successfully demonstrated.

28. Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Service (EVAC)

Proper operation of EVAC Service shall be successfully demonstrated.

29. Sound Pressure Level Tests

Proper operation of any amplifiers output capability shall be successfully demonstrated over the complete operating

range with compatible FM Approved speakers.

30. Auxiliary Service

Proper operation of a controls ability to properly supervise and trip a local energy master box (Gamewell p/n 21757-10)

shall be successfully demonstrated.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 54

31. Central Supervising Station Systems (FMRC 3011)

Proper operation of a control’s ability to properly supervise and communicate with transmitting/receiving equipment

described in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be demonstrated. Note: The compatibility of equipment if limited to the use

of FM Approved equipment only.

32. Remote Supervisory Station Systems

Proper operation of a controls ability to properly supervise and communicate with transmitting/receiving equipmentdescribed in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be demonstrated. Note: The compatibility of equipment if further limited to

the use of FM Approved equipment only.

33. Proprietary Supervisory Station Systems (FMRC 3012)

Proper operation of a controls ability to properly supervise and communicate with transmitting/receiving equipment

described in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be demonstrated.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 55

APPENDIX E: Sample Listings

Deluge Sprinkler Systems (Class 1011)

Deluge sprinkler systems have open sprinklers or open spray nozzles and are used where it is desirable to discharge water

through all of the system's sprinklers or nozzles simultaneously. Prior to discharge there is no water in the sprinkler piping. Thewater supply is held back by a control valve which is operated manually or automatically by the actuation of a fire detection

system. The fire detection system is required to be one of the following types: wet pilot sprinkler line, dry pilot sprinkler line,

hydraulic rate-of-rise, pneumatic rate-of-rise or electric. FM Approved combinations of control valves and fire detection

system(s) are listed under AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL VALVES.

Automatic sprinklers are used on wet or dry pilot sprinkler lines. The dry pilot sprinkler line may also require a dry pilot

actuator depending upon the type of automatic water control valve. When required, only the compatible dry pilot actuator listed

for a specific valve under AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL VALVES shall be used in FM Approved systems.

Electrically operated deluge sprinkler systems are FM Approved on a component basis. Only the major, compatible

components listed for a specific valve under AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL VALVES shall be used in an FM Approved

system. FM Global installation acceptance may stipulate that only heat-actuated fire detection devices be used. Acceptance

criteria by other jurisdictional authorities may vary.

Deluge sprinkler systems identified in the listing by an asterisk (*) have either hydraulic or pneumatic rate-of-rise fire detection

and are FM Approved as complete systems. Only the listed components for a specific manufacturer shall be used in an FMApproved system.

JFM Company, 123 Any Street, Your Town, USA, 01234

Series ABC

Series ABC Deluge Valves with Dry Pilot Line Pneumatic Release. Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 in. NPS. Grooved

inlet and grooved outlet, installed vertically. The system rated working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim

components consist of the following:

• Low Pressure Pneumatic Actuator with Auto Vent pressure operated system air pressure relief valve• Auto Drain pressure operated piston charge line water relief valve

• Alarm line Drip Check Valve

• Alarm line 3-Way Ball Valve for alarm/test/off

• Dry pilot line Air Manifold Assembly with integral restrictor/screen/anti-flood ball check valve• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections

• System Main Drain Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections• Piston charge line Strainer/Check Valve/Restrictor assembly.

Optional system components include:

• Regulated pilot line Air Maintenance Trim Assemblies

• Air Maintenance Device

• Alarm line pressure switch• Pilot line system air pressure supervisory switch

• Manual Pull Station• Water Motor Alarm

• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 56

Series ABC Deluge Valves with Wet Pilot Line Hydraulic Release. Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 in. NPS. Grooved

inlet and grooved outlet, installed vertically. The system rated working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim


• Auto Drain pressure operated piston charge line water relief valve



• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections• System Main Drain Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections• Piston charge line Strainer/Check Valve/Restrictor assembly


• Alarm line pressure switch

• Manual Pull Station

• Water Motor Alarm

• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve

Series ABC Deluge Valve with Electric Release. Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 in. NPS. Grooved inlet and grooved

outlet, installed vertically. The system rated working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim components consist of the

following:

• Normally closed solenoid valve



• Alarm line 3-Way Ball Valve for alarm/test/off• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections

• System Main Drain Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections

• Piston charge line Strainer/Check Valve/Restrictor assembly



• Manual Pull Station• Water Motor Alarm• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve

The 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, and 6 in. NPS Deluge Sprinkler Systems are available factory assembled in the Series ABCenclosure, a cabinet containing all system components and accessories, and requires only the connection to the water

supply inlet, water outlet (to system), main drain, the alarm and detection connections, and the electrical power supply.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 57

Preaction Sprinkler Systems (Class 1012)

Preaction sprinkler systems are equipped with automatic sprinklers and are used where it is important to prevent the accidental

discharge of water. These systems may also be used where an alarm is desired in advance of sprinkler operation or where it isdesired to minimize the water delivery delay inherent in a standard dry-pipe system. For this reason, the following factors shall

be carefully assessed: detector spacing and sensitivity, sprinkler piping arrangement and ceiling construction.

Supervisory pressure is maintained in the sprinkler piping of a preaction sprinkler system. A trouble alarm sounds if thesupervisory pressure is not maintained; however, such a condition will not cause the automatic water control valve to operate.

Generally, a single check valve is installed downstream of the automatic water control valve to contain the supervisory

pressure. Except for the addition of a single check valve and the use of automatic sprinklers, components of preaction sprinkler

systems are identical or similar to those of deluge sprinkler systems.

The water supply is held back by a water control valve which is operated manually or automatically by the actuation of a fire

detection system. The fire detection system is required to be one of the following types: hydraulic rate-of-rise, pneumatic rate-

of-rise or electric. FM Approved combinations of control valves and fire detection system(s) are listed under AUTOMATICWATER CONTROL VALVES.

Electrically operated preaction sprinkler systems are FM Approved on a component basis. Only the major, compatible

components listed for a specific valve under AUTOMATIC WATER CONTROL VALVES shall be used in designing an FM

Approved system. FM Global installation acceptance may stipulate that only heat-actuated fire detection devices be used.Acceptance criteria by other jurisdictional authorities may vary.

Preaction sprinkler systems identified in the listing by an asterisk (*) have either hydraulic or pneumatic rate-of-rise firedetection and are FM Approved as complete systems. Only the listed components for a specific manufacturer shall be used in

an FM Approved system.


Series DEF

Series DEF Single-Interlocked Valve with Electric Release. Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 in. NPS. The system rated

working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Grooved inlet and grooved outlet, installed vertically. Major trim components

consist of the following:



• Anti-flood Ball Check Valve• Alarm line Drip Check Valve


• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections• System Main Drain Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections



• Alarm line pressure switch• System air pressure supervisory switch


• Water Motor Alarm• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve

Some Preaction Sprinkler Systems are available factory assembled in the Series XYZ enclosure, a cabinet containing all

system components and accessories, and requires only the connection to the water supply inlet, water outlet (to system),main drain, the alarm and detection connections, and the electrical power supply.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 58

Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems (Class 1013)

A refrigerated area sprinkler system affords fire protection in refrigerated rooms or buildings and includes special safeguardsagainst accidental filling with water and subsequent freezing of the system. A fire detection system shall actuate and one or

more automatic sprinklers in the piping shall operate before water will enter the sprinkler system. An alarm sounds if the

detection system only is actuated while pneumatic pressure is maintained in the sprinkler piping. An alarm also sounds if the pneumatic pressure in the sprinkler piping is not properly maintained. In either case, water does not enter the system piping.

These systems should be installed in accordance with FM Global Loss Prevention Data Sheet 8-29, "Refrigerated Storage".

System calculations regarding required system air capacity should be performed if only one air maintenance device is

contemplated for several sprinkler systems.

Refrigerated area sprinkler systems which are operated pneumatically/hydraulically are FM Approved as complete systems.Only the listed components for a given system may be used in combination.

Fire detection systems which are operated electrically are FM Approved on a component basis. Only compatible componentsmay be used in combination.


Series GHI

Series GHI Double-Interlocked Valve with Electric-Pneumatic/Electric Release for Cross-Zoned Control Panel.

Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 in. NPS. Grooved inlet and grooved outlet, installed vertically. The system ratedworking pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim components consist of the following:


• System air pressure supervisory switch


• Anti-flood Ball Check Valve• Alarm line Drip Check Valve


• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections

• System Main Drain Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections• Piston charge line Strainer/Check Valve/Restrictor assembly




• Water Motor Alarm• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve

Series GHI Double-Interlocked Valve with Electric/Pneumatic Release. Sizes 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 in. NPS. Grooved inlet

and grooved outlet, installed vertically. The system rated working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim components

consist of the following:

• Low Pressure Pneumatic Actuator with Auto Vent pressure operated system air pressure relief valve


• Auto Drain pressure operated piston charge line water relief valve• Alarm line Drip Check Valve

• Anti-flood Ball Check Valve


• Air Manifold Assembly with integral restrictor/screen/anti-flood ball check valve• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections


• Piston charge line Strainer/Check Valve/Restrictor assembly.



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FM Approvals 59


• Regulated Air Maintenance Trim Assemblies• Accelerator



• Manual Pull Station• Water Motor Alarm• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve

Series GHI Double-Interlocked Valve with Electric/Pneumatic Release Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 in. NPS.Grooved inlet and grooved outlet, installed vertically. The system rated working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim


• Electric/Pneumatic Actuator; an Auto Vent pressure operated system air pressure relief valve


• Alarm line Drip Check Valve• Anti-flood Ball Check Valve


• Air Manifold Assembly with integral restrictor/screen/anti-flood ball check valve• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections




• Regulated Air Maintenance Trim Assemblies

• Accelerator• Alarm line pressure switch




• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve.

Series GHI Double-Interlocked Valve with Pneumatic/Pneumatic Release. Sizes 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 in. NPS.

Grooved inlet and grooved outlet, installed vertically. The system rated working pressure is 300 psi (2070 kPa). Major trim

components consist of: the following:

• Pneumatic/Pneumatic Actuator with Auto Vent pressure operated system air pressure relief valve



• Anti-flood Ball Check Valve• Alarm line 3-Way Ball Valve for alarm/test/off

• Air Manifold Assemblies with integral restrictor/screen/anti-flood ball check valve

• Water Supply Main Drain/Flow Test Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections• System Main Drain Valve, size 2 in. with three 1/2 in. NPT outlets for gage and drain connections



• Regulated Air Maintenance Trim Assemblies

• Accelerators


• System air pressure supervisory switch• Manual Pull Station




September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 60

• Water supply butterfly shutoff valve

All the 1-1/2, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, and 6 in. NPS Refrigerated Area Sprinkler Systems discussed above are available factory

assembled in the Series XYZ enclosure, a cabinet containing all system components and accessories, and requires only theconnection to the water supply inlet, water outlet (to system), main drain, the alarm and detection connections, and the

electrical power supply.



September 2009 1011, 1012, 1013

FM Approvals 61

APPENDIX F: Units of Measurement

FLOW RATE: gal/min - “gallon per minute”; (L/min - “liters per

minute”)

L/min = gal/min x 3.785

LENGTH: in. - “inches”; (mm - “millimeters”)

mm = in. x 25.4

ft - “feet”; (m - “meters”)

m = ft x 0.3048

LIQUID: gal - “gallons”; (L - “liter”)

L = gal x 3.785

MASS: lb - “pounds”; (kg - “kilograms”)

kg = lb x 0.454

PRESSURE: psi - “pounds per square inch”; (kPa - “kilopascals”)kPa = psi x 6.895

bar - “bar”; (kPa - “kilopascals”)

bar = kPa x 0.01

bar = psi x 0.06895

TEMPERATURE: °F - “degrees Fahrenheit”; (°C - “degrees Celsius”)

°C = (°F - 32) x 0.556



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FM Approvals 62

APPENDIX G: Tolerance

Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances shall apply:

Flow ± 2 percent of value

Force ± 3 lbs of valve

Frequency (Hz) ± 5 percent of value

Length ± 2 percent of value

Ohm ± 0.25 percent of value

Pressure within + 5/- 0 psi of value

Temperature ± 5 percent of value

Time + 5/-0 seconds

+ 0.1/-0 minutes+ 0.1/-0 hours

+ 0.25/-0 days

Volts ± 5 volts of value

Volume ± 5 percent of value

Unless stated otherwise, all tests shall be carried out at a room (ambient) temperature of 68°F ± 9°F (20°C ± 5°C).