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TRANSCRIPT
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^CLASSIFIED .
I L
-ir ' r \ < t^\H 1 0 )mEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL
ARMORED
CREW DRILL,
LIGHT TANK M5 SERIES^__^> / &.-^s 9 ^~ 2- REFEREfNCE USE
ONLY
NOTTO BE TAKEN FROM LIBRARY
WAR DEPARTMENT • 24 MAY 1944 UNCLASSIFIED
-
PM 17-68 C l
FIELD MANUAL
ARMORED
CREW DRILL, LIGHT TANK M5 SERIES
CHANGES 1 WAR DEPARTMENT, No. 1 J WASHINGTON, 4 December 1944.
FM 17-68, 24 May 1944, is changed as follows: 5. OPERATION OF INTERPHONE AND RADIO.- *-- * * * *a. MS light tank.*****
(2) The tank commander depresses the switch on his microphone cord, and orders: CHECK INTER PHONE. NOTE: This command is * * * the interphone check.*****
(3) The gunner, bow gunner, and driver, in turn, throw their radio-interphone switches to INTER PHONE, depress their microphone switches, and re port: "Gunner check," "Bog check," "Driver check." "Upon completion of their reports, they immediately return their switches to RADIO. During this procedure, * * * the switch button.*****
(5) (Superseded). The RADIO-INT switches on all control boxes, except the tank commander's, must be set on RADIO. This is the normal position for inter phone operation. The tank commander's switch will be set at INT most of the time; he will change it to RADIO only as he desires radio communication.
AGO 154P 610604 44
-
FIELD MANUAL
Except in an emergency, no one but the tank commandsr may operate the RADIO-INT switch on his control box. In an emergency, a member of the tank crew may communicate with the tank commander or an other crew member by throwing his control box switch to INT; but this action will interrupt the tank com mander's radio reception. It is the duty of the tank commander to monitor his radio receiver at all times except when speaking over the interphone or trans mitting over the radio. He can monitor both the inter phone and the radio receiver with his switch set at the INT position.
AGO 154D
-
£ 35
. B
EF
OR
E O
PE
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TIO
N I
NSP
EC
TIO
N.
Tan
k lo
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an
d co
vere
d -w
ith
tar-
2
paul
in.
All
crew
mem
bers
che
ck f
or t
ampe
ring
and
dam
ages
. g
(NO
TE
: F
or t
rain
ing
* *
* de
fici
enci
es a
s fo
und)
.*******
PH
AS
E B
|
Tan
k C
omm
and
er
Gu
nn
er
Bow
Gu
nn
er
Dri
ver
"*"•*
* *
* *
* *
§C
lose
en
gine
co
mpa
rt-
Aux
iliar
y ge
nera
tor
oil
^m
ent
door
s.
leve
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Not
ify
Dri
ver
to t
urn
T
urn
on
mast
er
gM
on
sw
itch
. sw
itch
. W
Com
man
d R
EP
OR
T.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner r
eady
."
Rep
ort
"Bog
rea
dy."
S
tart
ge
nera
tor;
ch
eck
Hop
erat
ion.
^
Rep
ort
"Dri
ver
read
y."
£
PH
ASE
C
(Sup
erse
ded)
I
Tan
k C
omm
and
er
Gu
nn
er
Bow
Gu
nn
er
Dri
ver
g
Com
man
d P
ER
FO
RM
g
PH
AS
E C
. C
heck
the
fol
low
ing:
S
tart
eng
ines
.D
irec
t D
rive
r to
m
ove
Oil
in t
urre
t re
serv
oir.
C
heck
in
stru
men
ts,
tank
fo
rwar
d 2
tank
w
arni
ng
light
s,
and
leng
ths.
si
ren.
-
Tan
k C
om
man
der
Wal
k ah
ead
of
tan
k;
chec
k'
cond
itio
n of
ri
ght
trac
k sh
oes
and
insi
de w
edge
nut
s an
d co
nnec
tors
. .
Che
ck
oute
r w
edge
nu
ts
and
conn
ecto
rs;
wat
ch
acti
on
and
chec
k co
n di
tion
of
su
ppor
t ro
ll er
s,
shoe
s,
and
tank
susp
ensi
on
as
tank
m
oves
to
rear
.
1
Gu
nn
er
Oil
can
and
stab
iliz
er
oil.
All
firi
ng c
ontr
ols.
Tur
n on
tu
rret
m
aste
r sw
itch
.C
heck
st
abil
izer
op
era
tion
, oi
l re
serv
oir
con
nect
ions
and
pum
p.
Bow
Gu
nn
er
Wal
k be
hind
tan
k;
chec
k co
ndit
ion
of l
eft
trac
k sh
oes
and
insi
de w
edge
nu
ts a
nd c
onne
ctor
s.
Dir
ect
Dri
ver
to
mov
e to
rea
r; t
ight
en i
nsid
e sp
rock
et
ring
ca
p sc
rew
s as
exp
osed
.T
ight
en
outs
ide
cap
scre
ws.
Dri
ver
Dri
ve
tank
slow
ly
for
war
d 2
tank l
engt
hs.
Dri
ve
tank
to
re
ar
dire
cted
by
Bog
.
Sto
p en
gine
s.
Rep
lace
to
ols
in
bag;
R
ecei
ve a
nd s
tow
too
ls.
pass
to
Dri
ver.
H
elp
Dri
ver c
heck
ligh
ts.
Che
ck m
achi
ne g
un t
ri
pod
case
fo
r pi
ntle
an
d el
evat
ing
mec
h an
ism
.In
stal
l ra
dio
ante
nna.
R
epla
ce t
arpa
ulin
on
rear
dec
k.
Che
ck d
rivi
ng a
nd b
lack
ou
t li
ghts
.
-
j£
Pas
s ra
mm
er s
taff
to
Bog
O
and
clea
ning
ro
d to
« G
unne
r.O
Mou
nt t
o tu
rret
.
Hel
p ch
eck
reco
il oi
l. C
onnect
brea
k-aw
ay
plug
s.
Com
man
d R
EP
OR
T (
in
terp
hone
che
ck).
Rec
eive
an
d st
ow
ma
chin
e gu
n cl
eani
ng
rod.
Che
ck t
hat
Dri
ver'
s an
d B
og's
ha
tche
s ar
e cl
osed
.C
heck
m
anua
l el
eva
tion
, op
erat
ion
of
hand
and
pow
er t
rav
er
se,
and
turr
et l
ock.
Che
ck
reco
il
cyli
nder
oi
l.C
onnec
t bre
ak-a
way
pl
ugs.
Rep
ort
"gun
ner
read
}'."
Rec
eive
and
sto
w r
am
mer
sta
ff.
Tak
e m
ount
ed
clos
e ha
tch.
post
; C
lose
hat
ch.
Connec
t pl
ugs.
bre
ak-a
way
Connec
t b
reak
-aw
aypl
ugs.
Rep
ort
"Bog
rea
dy."
Rep
ort
"Dri
ver
read
y."
NO
TE
: In
lat
er m
odel
s of
the
Lig
ht T
ank
M5A
1, t
here
is
an e
mer
genc
y ig
niti
on s
witc
h on
the
rig
ht
side
of
the
hull
roo
f.
Thi
s sw
itch
is
left
in
the
ON
pos
itio
n ex
cept
in
emer
genc
ies,
whe
n it
isi u
sed
by th
e T
ank
Com
man
der
or o
ther
per
sonn
el w
ithi
n re
ach.
o » I D E a 00 H a
-
FIELD MANUAL
40. RADIO.* * * * *
g. Tubes (Superseded.) Turn in defective tubes at the earliest opportunity.
* * * * *[AQ 300.7 (31 Oct44).]
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
OFFICIAL: G. C. MAESHALL J. A. ULIO Chief of Staff Major General The Adjutant General
DISTRIBUTION:AAF(IO); AGF (10); ASF (10); T of Opns (5); Arm
& Sv Bd (2); Def C (5); Tech Sv (2); SvC (10); HD (5); PC&S (1); Gen & Sp Sv Sch (50) except Armd Sch (500); USMA (2); ROTC (1); A (10); CHQ (10); D (2) except D 2, 7, 17 (10); R 2, 17 (10); SBn 2, 17 (10); Bn 2, 17 (5); AF (2).
T/O &E: 17-2 (5); 17-17 (20); 17-20-1 (5).For explanation of symbols, see FM 21-6.
AGO 154D
-
WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL
F M 17-68
This manual supersedes FM 17-68, 8 June 1943
ARMORED
CREW DRILL
LIGHT TANK M5 SERIES
WAR DEPARTMENT - 24 MAY 1944
____. DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.+tbt Infor
mation contained in restricted documents and the essential characteristics
of restricted material may be given to any person known to be in the
service of the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and
discretion who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be
communicated to the public or to the press except by authorized military
public relations agencies. (See also par. S3o, AR 380-5,15 Mar 1944.)
United States Government Printing Office
Washington 1944
-
WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 24 May 1944.
FM 17-68, Armored Field Manual, Crew Drill, Light Tank M5 Series, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned.
CA. G. 300.7 (24 May 44). I]
BY OBDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
G. C. MARSHALL,Chief of Staff.
OFFICIAL:J. A. ULIO,
Major General.The Adjutant General.
DISTRIBUTION:As prescribed in paragraph 9a, FM 21-6, exceptArmd Sch (500); D 2, 7, 17 (10); R, 17 (10);Bn 2, 17 (5); 1C 17 (5), (20).1C 17: T/O & E, Hq Co, Armd Div; 17-20-1, Hqand Hq Co, Combat Comd, Armd Div (5);17-17, Light Tk Co, Tank Bn and Light TankCo, Cav Mecz Sq (20).(For explanation of symbols, see FM 21-6.)
-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph Page
Section I. General ________ 1—2 1II. Crew Composition and
Formation _____ 3—4 4III. Crew Control ____ 5-6 6IV. Crew Drill ______ 7-12 10V. Service of the Piece __ 13-18 19
VI. Mounted Action __ 19-23 31VII. Dismounted Action __ 24-29 37
VIII. Evacuation of Casual ties from Tanks _ 30-33 46
I.. Inspections andMaintenance ___ 34—40 51
X. Sight Adjustment __ 41—42 68XI. Destruction of
Materiel and Equipment ____ 43—50 71
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RESTRICTED
FM 17-68
WAR DEPARTMENT FIELD MANUAL
CREW DRILL LIGHT TANK M5 SERIES*
This manual supersedes FM 17-68, 8 June 1943.
Section I
GENERAL
1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE. This manual is designed to present instructional material for the platoon leader and tank commander in training members of the crew of the light tanks MS and M5A1 for combat. It is to be used as a guide to achieve orderly, disciplined, efficient exe cution of mounted and dismounted action, and pre cision, accuracy, and speed in service of the piece. It provides a logical and thorough routine for all inspec tions of the vehicle and its equipment.
2. REFERENCES. See appendix.
0 "For definition of military terms not defined in this manual see TM oft_9.nv20-205
-
Figure 1. Light tank M5A1, front and rear views.
-
Fig
ure
2.
Lig
ht
tank
M
5A1.
-
Section II
COMPOSITION AND FORMATIONS
3. COMPOSITION. The light tank crew is composed offour members:
Tank commander (loader or as sistant gunner and tends voice radio) _______________ LIEUTENANT
or SERGEANTGunner ________________ GUNNER Bow Gunner (assistant driver, and radio operator in tanks equipped with SCR-506) _________ BOG Driver _________________ DRIVER
Figure 3. Dismounted posts, light tank crew.
-
4. FORMATIONS, a. Dismounted posts. The crew forms at attention in one rank. (See figure 3). The tank com mander takes his post 2 yards in front of the right track, facing the front. The bow gunner, gunner and driver in order, take positions at the left of the tank commander at close interval.
b. Mounted posts. The crew forms mounted as follows:(1) Tank commander. In the turret, standing on the
floor, sitting or standing on the seat.(2) Bow gunner. In the bow gunner's seat.(3) Gunner. In the turret, seated at the left of the
37-mm gun with his left hand on the power traverse con trol handle, his right hand on the elevating handwheel, and his head against the headrest of the periscope.
(4) Driver. In the driver's seat.
-
Section III
CREW CONTROL
5. OPERATION OF INTERPHONE AND RADIO. Thecrew must practice continually with the interphone to attain its maximum value during combat. It is available for use at any time during the operation of the tank, but its use interrupts radio communication. Due to the dif ferences in location of the radio and interphone facilities of the light tank M5 and M5A1, slightly different pro cedures are necessary in crew control. For tank signals see FM 17-5.
a. M5 light tank. As standing operating procedure, af ter mounting, the radio is turned on by either the driver or gunner without command, and the headsets and microphones are tested. See Preliminary Inspection for Radio Sets SCR-508, SCR-528, and SCR-538.
(1) Each crew member (except the gunner who .has no. interphone connection) inserts the plugs of the short cords extending from his headset into the break-away plug of the headset extension cord of his interphone con trol box. The microphone (of either type, throat or lip) is adjusted in place to produce maximum clarity, and con nected to the break-away plug on the microphone cord of the control box. !
(2) The tank commander turm> lik-RADie^ft^ER- PHQNE swildtuta-IKIEBEiiQNE, depresses the switch on his microphone cord, and orders: CHECK INTER PHONE. NOTE: This command is used when the crew mounts by any other method than the formalized drills given in paragraphs 8 and 25. In those drills the "Ready" report constitutes the interphone check.
(3) The bow gunner and driver, in turn, depress their microphone switches and report: BOG CHECK, DRIVER CHECK] During this procedure, each adjusts
6
-
the volume control on his interphone control box to the desired level. Care is taken that the microphone switch does not remain in locked position thus burning out the dynamotor. In stowing, check to see that the suspension strap is not wrapped around the hand switch, pressing down the switch button.
(4) Interphone control box positions are located as fol lows:
(a) Driver. On wall of hull to his left.(b) Bow gunner. On wall of hull to his right.(c) Tank commander. On rear of turret roof between
the hatches. He controls his transmission by manipu lating the switch on the control box marked RADIO- INTERPHONE to the type of transmission desired.
(5")XQie RADIO-INTERPHONE switches on the trans mitter a^d on all control boxes, except the tank com mander's control box, are set on RADIO. This is the normal position for interphone operation. The tank com mander's switch is set on RADIO most of the time, he will change it to INTERPHONE only as he desires to communicate with his crew. Except in an emergency, no one but the tank commander may operate the inter phone switch on his control box. In an emergency, a member of the tank crew may break in while the tank commander is on RADIO by turning his control box switch to INTERPHONE. When the tank commander is on RADIO, turning any RADIO-INTERPHONE switch to INTERPHONE will interrupt the commander's radio communication and establish interphone communication.
(6) It is the duty of each man to check his personal in terphone equipment upon mounting the tank, see that it is properly maintained, and report any difficulties to the tank commander. Definite tank control commands and terminology are set forth in the following paragraph. The desirability and necessity of adhering to this specific language cannot be overemphasized. General conversa tion on interphones causes misunderstanding and disor der and is harmful to discipline.
-
b. M5A1 light tank. In this and later models, the radio is located in the turret bulge, immediately accessible to the tank commander. The gunner's interphone control box is on the roof of the turret in front of him. The tank commander's control box is on the right side of the tur ret. On mounting the M5A1 tank, the crew follows the same procedure as that prescribed for the M5 model with the following exceptions: the tank commander turns on the receiver, transmitter or amplifier, and sets the channel number button. Upon the command CHECK INTERPHONE, the gunner reports first, followed in or der by the bow gunner and driver.
NOTE: In tanks equipped with SCR-506, two mem bers of the crew (Bog and gunner) are qualified radio operators. The principal duty of the Bog is to operate this set, and interphone procedure is modified as re quired to enable him to perform his duties.
6. INTERPHONE LANGUAGE, a. Terms.Tank Commander __LIEUTENANT or SERGEANTDriver __________DRIVERGunner _________GUNNERBow Gunner ______BOGAny tank ________TANKArmored car ______ARMORED CARAny unarmored vehicle_TRUCKInfantry ________DOUGHSMachine gun ______MACHINE GUNAirplane ________PLANE
b. Commands for movement of tank. To move the tank
forward _______DRIVER MOVE OUT To halt the tank ___DRIVER STOP To reverse the tank _DRIVER REVERSE To decrease speed __DRIVER SLOW DOWN To turn right 90° ___DRIVER CLOCK 3 —
STEADY-Y-Y-Y ... ONTo turn left 60° ___DRIVER CLOCK 10—
STEADY-Y-Y-Y ... ON
8
-
To turn right (left) 180° _________DRIVER CLOCK 6 RIGHT
(LEFT)—STEADY-Y-Y-Y... ON
To have driver move to ward a terrain feature or reference point. The tank being headed in proper direction ___DRIVER MARCH ON WHITE
HOUSE (HILL, DEAD TREE,ETC.)
To follow in column __DRIVER FOLLOW THATTANK (DRIVER FOLLOWTANK NO B-9)
To follow on road or trail _________DRIVER RIGHT ON ROAD
(DRIVER RIGHT ON TRAIL) To start engines ___DRIVER CRANK UP To stop the engine _DRIVER CUT ENGINE To proceed at same
speed ________DRIVER STEADYc. Comands for control of turret.
To traverse the turret -GUNNER TRAVERSE LEFT(RIGHT)
To stop turret traverse _GUNNER STEADY-Y-Y-Y... ON
d. Fire orders. See FM 17-12 .
-
Section IV
CREW DRILL
7. DISMOUNTED DRILL, a. To form light tank crew.Being dismounted, the crew takes dismounted posts (figure 3) at the command FALL IN.
b. To break ranks. At the command FALL OUT, the crew breaks ranks. Crew members habitually fall out to the right of the tank.
c. To call off. At the command CALL OFF, the mem bers of the crew call off in turn as follows:
(1) Tank Commander ____ "SERGEANT" (or"LIEUTENANT")
(2) Bow Gunner _______ "BOG"(3) Gunner ___________ "GUNNER"(4) Driver ___.______ "DRIVER" d. To change designations and duties. (1) At the com
mand FALL OUT SERGEANT (BOG) (GUNNER) -(a) The man designated to fall out moves by the rear
to the left flank position and becomes driver.(b) The crew members on the left of the vacated
post move smartly to the right one position, ready to call off their new designations.
(c) The acting tank commander starts calling off as soon as the crew is re-formed in line.
(2) The movement is executed by having any member of the crew fall out except the driver.
(3) All movements are executed with snap and pre cision and at double time.
10
-
8. T
O M
OU
NT
LIG
HT
TA
NK
CR
EW
. C
rew
bei
ng a
t di
smou
nted
pos
ts (
figur
e 4)
. T
ank
Com
man
der
Gun
ner
Bow
Gun
ner
Dri
ver
Com
man
d PR
E
PAR
E to
MO
UN
T.A
bout
fac
e.C
omm
and
MO
UN
T.M
ount
to
righ
t fe
nder
.M
ount
to
righ
t sp
onso
n.E
nter
tur
ret
and
take
m
ount
ed p
ost.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
aypl
ugs.
C
omm
and
REP
OR
T.
Abo
ut f
ace.
A
bout
fac
e.
Mou
nt t
o le
ft f
ende
r. St
and
fast
.
Mou
nt t
o le
ftsp
onso
n.
Ent
er t
urre
t an
d ta
kem
ount
ed p
ost.
Tur
n on
rad
io.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
aypl
ugs.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy".
Mou
nt t
o ri
ght
fend
er.
Ent
er B
og's
hatc
han
d ta
ke m
ount
edpo
st.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
aypl
ugs.
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy"
Abo
ut f
ace.
Stan
d fa
st.
Mou
nt t
o le
ft f
ende
r.E
nter
Dri
ver's
hat
chan
d ta
ke m
ount
edpo
st.
Tur
n on
mas
ter
switc
h.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
aypl
ugs.
Rep
ort
"Dri
ver
Rea
dy".
-
Fig
ure
4.
Mou
ntin
g th
roug
h ha
tche
s,
light
tan
k M
5A1.
-
9. T
O C
LO
SE
AN
D O
PE
N H
AT
CH
ES,
a.
Cre
w b
eing
at
mou
nted
pos
ts.
TO C
LOSE
H
AT
CH
ES.
Tan
k C
omm
ande
rC
heck
, th
at t
urre
t is
in
stra
ight
ah
ead
posi
tion;
ord
er
Gun
ner
to t
rave
rse
as n
eces
sary
.C
omm
and
CLO
SE
HA
TCH
ES.
Clo
se h
atch
.R
aise
per
isco
pes.
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT.
Gun
ner
Tra
vers
e tu
rret
as
orde
red
by T
ank
Com
man
der.
Clo
se h
atch
. R
aise
per
isco
pe.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy".
Bow
G
unne
rD
rive
r
Clos
e ha
tch.
Ra
ise p
eris
cope
.Cl
ose
hatc
h.
Rai
se p
eris
cope
.
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy".
Rep
ort
»Driv
erR
eady
".b.
Cre
w b
eing
mou
nted
and
hat
ches
clo
sed,
TO
OPE
N H
ATC
HES
-T
ank
Com
man
der
Gun
ner
Bow
Gun
ner
Che
ck t
hat
turr
et i
s T
rave
rse
gun
as
in s
trai
ght
ahea
d or
dere
d by
Tan
k po
sitio
n; o
rder
C
omm
ande
r. G
unne
r to
tra
vers
e as
nec
essa
ry.
Dri
ver
-
Tank
Com
man
der
Com
man
d O
PEN
HA
TCH
ES.
Low
er p
eris
cope
s. O
pen
hatc
h.
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT.
Gun
ner
Ope
n ha
tch.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Read
y".
Bow
Gun
ner
Low
er p
eris
cope
. O
pen
hatc
h.
Driv
er
Low
er p
eris
cope
. O
pen
hatc
h.
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy".
Rep
ort
"Driv
er
Rea
dy".
10.
TO D
ISM
OU
NT
TAN
K C
REW
. H
atch
es b
eing
ope
n, t
o di
smou
nt w
ithou
t ve
hicu
lar
wea
pons
- Ta
nk
Com
man
der
Com
man
d PR
E PA
RE
TO
DIS
MO
UN
T
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.C
omm
and
DIS
MO
UN
T.
Gun
ner
Turn
off
radi
o.
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.
Bow
Gun
ner
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.
Driv
er
Turn
off
mas
ter
switc
h.D
isco
nnec
t br
eak
away
plu
gs.
-
Dis
mou
nt t
o ri
ght
spon
son.
D
ism
ount
to
right
fend
er.
Take
dis
mou
nted
post
.
Dis
mou
nt t
o le
ftsp
onso
n.
Dis
mou
nt t
o le
ftfe
nder
. Ta
ke d
ism
ount
edpo
st.
Dis
mou
nt t
o rig
htfe
nder
. Ta
ke d
ism
ount
edpo
st.
Dis
mou
nt t
o le
ftfe
nder
. Ta
ke d
ism
ount
edpo
st.
11. T
O D
ISM
OU
NT
THR
OU
GH
ESC
APE
HA
TCH
. (A
pplic
able
onl
y to
M5A
1 an
d la
ter
mod
els
equi
pped
with
esc
ape
hatc
h.)
Cre
w b
eing
at m
ount
ed p
osts,
to
dism
ount
with
out
vehi
cula
r w
eapo
ns.
Tank
C
omm
ande
rCo
mm
and
THR
OU
GH
ES
CAPE
H
ATC
H,
PREP
ARE
TO
D
ISM
OU
NT.
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.
Gun
ner
Bow
Gun
ner
Driv
er
Turn
off
radi
o.
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.R
aise
rec
oil
guar
d.El
evat
e br
eech
of
gun.
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.U
ncla
mp
spar
e pa
rts
box
from
esc
ape
hatc
h do
or a
nd
open
th
e do
or.
Turn
off
mas
ter
switc
h.D
isco
nnec
t br
eak
away
plu
gs.
-
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r
Com
man
d D
ISM
OU
NT.
Ent
er B
og's
com
part
m
ent,
feet
firs
t.D
ism
ount
thr
ough
es
cape
hat
ch.
Cra
wl
from
und
er
tank
; ta
ke d
is
mou
nted
pos
t.
Gun
ner
Mov
e to
rig
ht s
ide
of
turr
et.
Bow
Gun
ner
Dri
ver
Dis
mou
nt t
hrou
gh
esca
pe h
atch
.
Ent
er B
og's
com
part-
C
raw
l fr
om u
nder
m
ent
feet
firs
t. ta
nk;
take
dis
-D
ism
ount
thr
ough
m
ount
ed
post
, es
cape
hat
ch.
Cra
wl
from
und
er
tank
; ta
ke d
is
mou
nted
pos
t.
Ent
er B
og's
com
pa
rtm
ent.
Dis
mou
nt t
hrou
gh
esca
pe h
atch
.C
raw
l fr
om u
nder
ta
nk;
take
dis
m
ount
ed
post
.
NO
TE
: In
som
e m
odel
s of
the
lig
ht t
ank
the
Dri
ver
cann
ot c
ross
the
tra
nsm
issi
on i
nto
the
Bog
's co
mpa
rtm
ent.
In s
uch
case
s he
dis
mou
nts
by p
assi
ng t
hrou
gh t
he t
urre
t co
m
part
men
t. (T
he G
unne
r m
ust
mov
e an
am
mun
ition
box
fr
om t
he t
urre
t op
enin
g be
fore
this
can
be
done
.)
-
12. PEP DRILL. To maintain the interest of crew mem bers, frequent and unexpected periods of pep drill are interspersed in the crew drill and simulated firing rou tines. Pep drill is a series of precision movements exe cuted at high speed and terminating at the position of attention, either mounted or dismounted. For example, the crews being dismounted, the platoon commander may suddenly command, IN FRONT OF YOUR TANKS, FALL IN; MOUNT: DISMOUNT; ON THE LEFT OF YOUR TANKS, FALL IN; FORWARD, MARCH; BY THE LEFT FLANK, MARCH; TO THE REAR, MARCH; MOUNT! (figure 5). Preparatory com mands for mounting and dismounting are eliminated in this drill. The posts of all crew members are changed frequently. Pep drill freshens the interest of the crews, trains them to be agile in and around the tank, and in creases their coordination and physical development.
17
-
(a) DISMOUNT; on the left of your tanks, FALL IN.
(b) MOUNT.
Figure 5. Pep drill.
18
-
Section V
SERVICE OF THE PIECE
13. GUN CREW. a. The gun crew, 37-mm tank gun, consists of the gunner who aims and fires the piece and the assistant gunner (tank commander) who loads the piece when not observing, and controls and adjusts fire.
b. Training in service of the piece must stress rapidity and precision of movement and teamwork.
14. POSITIONS OF GUN CREW. Positions of the gun crew are as prescribed in paragraph 4b.
15. OPERATION OF GUN. a. To open the breech.Grasp the T-handle of the crank under the breechblock and pull down until the breechblock is locked in the open position.
b. To close the breech. The insertion of a round in the gun trips the extractors and causes the breechblock to close automatically. For this reason use care in clos ing the breech manually as follows:
(1) Insert an empty cartridge case in the breech, base foremost, and trip the extractors. The breechblock will close, pushing the cartridge case upward.
(2) If an empty cartridge case is not available a block of wood of the proper size may be used.
(3) If necessary, the extractors may be tripped by using the fingers. This is done by pulling down on the T-han dle and overcoming the tension of the closing spring. Then push the extractor lips forward with the fingers of the free hand and allow the breechblock to rise slow ly. Utmost caution must be exercised if this method is used.
19
-
K)
OPA
RAL
LEL
SIG
HT
LIN
KA
GE
SIG
HTI
NG
PER
ISCO
PE A
M
PER
ISC
OPE
H
EA
D
RES1
STAB
ILIZ
ER
CO
NTR
OL
BO
X
TELE
SCO
PIC
SIG
HT
M54
FIR
ING
M
EC
HA
NIS
M
BRAC
KET
ASSE
MBL
Y "—
—
37-M
M S
OLE
NO
ID
37.M
M G
UN
FI
RIN
G S
WIT
CH
.30
CAL
IBER
MG
FI
RIN
G S
WIT
CH
POW
ER T
RAV
ERSE
C
ON
TRO
L H
AN
DLE
TURR
ET F
RIC
TIO
N C
LAM
P
ELE
VA
TIN
G
HA
ND
WH
EE
L K
NO
B
TR
AV
EL
ING
LO
CK
AU
XIL
IAR
Y P
OW
ER
TRAV
ERSE
CO
NTR
OL
HA
ND
LE
OB
SE
RV
ATI
ON
PER
ISCO
PS
GY
RO
CO
NTR
OL
UN
IT
CO
AX
IAL
MA
CH
INE
GU
N
BREE
CH R
ING
.30
CAL
IBER
MG
S
OLE
NO
ID
BREE
CH
OP
ER
ATI
NG
M
EC
HA
NIS
M
BREE
CH (
REC
OIL
) G
UA
RD
TURR
ET L
OC
K
Fig
ure
6.
Tur
ret
and
gun
cont
rols
on
co
mbi
nati
on
gun
mou
nt
M44
, in
lig
ht t
ank
M5A
1.
-
Figure 7.
Left rear view
of turret trainer for light tank gun crews.
-
Fig
ure
8.
Dri
ver'
s co
mpa
rtm
ent,
light
ta
nk
M5.
-
1. Tr
aver
se h
and
cran
k 3.
Gun
ner's
sea
t2.
Pow
er t
rave
rse
clut
ch
4. R
adio
le
ver
Fig
ure
9.
Tur
ret
bask
et,
left
sid
e, l
ight
tan
k M
5.
-
Fig
ure
10.
Tur
ret
bask
et,
righ
t si
de,
tank
co
mm
ande
r's
seat
, li
ght
tank
MS.
-
c. To load. (1) Open breech by pulling down on T- handle until breechblock is locked in the open position.
(2) Grasp projectile at the base with left hand, turn nose of projectile to the front, swing arm toward the breech and insert round into recess of breech ring. After nose of projectile is aligned in chamber, shove round forward sharply with the thumb on the base, following through with the arm moving upward to clear the clos ing breechlock. Keep arm above gun to avoid the path of recoil, and tap gunner on the back.
d. To lay the gun. Locate target through the periscope. Turn the power traverse (pistol grip) control handle, or traverse with hand crank (figure 11) in the proper di rection until the vertical line of range dots (or dashes) is on the target, or the proper lead is taken. Make the final traversing motion against the greatest resistance, such as might be caused by cant in the tank. Then ele vate gun until the proper range marking is on the tar get (see FM 17-12).
e. To fire the gun. Squeeze the safety trigger 011 the power traverse control handle and press the 37-mm gun switch simultaneously (figures 5 and 6). If the round fails to fire, proceed as in paragraphs 17 and 18. The gun can be fired manually with the firing button in the hub of the elevating handwheel.
f. To unload an unfired round. To unload an unfired round, pull down the T-handle and the round will be ejected into the spent case bag. The round is then re turned to the rack.
g. To unload a stuck round. Whenever possible, rounds are removed from guns by shooting them out. When an unfired round is stuck in the gun and cannot be dislodged from the breech by using the rim of an empty cartridge case to pry it out, the gunner, under di rect supervision of an officer, or the tank commander, if no officer is present, inserts the rammer in the muzzle of the gun, pushes it through the bore until it meets the round, and then shoves the round out of the gun. DO
25
-
1. Periscope headrest2. Recoil adjuster knob3. Stiffness adjuster knob4. Firing switches for
• 37-mm gun and co axial machine gun
5. Power traverse (pistol grip) control handle
6. Safety trigger
7. Elevating handwheel8. T-handle9. Machine gun solenoid
10. Gyro control unit.11. Periscopic sight M4,
w/telescope M4012. Worm and sector gear13. Oil reservoir (filler
gauge)
Figure 11. Gunner's controls, combination gun mount M23.
26
-
NOT STRIKE THE ROUND WITH THE RAMMER. If pressure will not dislodge a round, tap the end of the rammer staff lightly with a block of wood, alternat ing tapping and pressure.
h. For further malfunctions and their remedies see paragraph 17.
16. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS, a. Before firing, and dur ing lulls in firing, inspect the gun to see that there are no obstructions in the bore.
b. In loading the gun, take care not to dent or burr the projectile by striking it against the breech ring. Clean ammunition before loading,. Never attempt to disassemble a round.
c. The gunner fires the gun only when the loader (tank commander) has tapped him on the back to signal that the gun is loaded and ready.
d. The 37-mm gun is fired only when the tank en gine^) are running or when at least one of the turret hatches is open to carry off the powder fumes.
e. Any individual who observes a condition which makes firing dangerous will immediately call or signal "CEASE FIRING".
f. Firing will cease immediately at the command or signal "CEASE FIRING", regardless of the source of the command.
g. Before loading, the solenoid firing devices are checked to insure that they are not stuck.
h. Tank weapons, except AA gun, are fired only when the Driver's and Bog's hatches are closed.
17. MALFUNCTIONS AND REMEDIES. Malfunctions of the gun are divided into three general classes: failure to fire, failure to load, and failure to extract. The most likely malfunctions are failures to fire. Malfunctions which are not the result of broken or worn parts are
enerally due to carelessness and improper cleaning of e parts and ammunition.
27
$
-
a. Failure of gun to fire. Cause
1. Safety lever on "Safe".2. Gun out of battery.
3. Defective firing mech anism.
4. Defective ammunition.5. Broken or defective fir
ing pin.6. Broken cocking lever.7. Broken cocking fork.8. Broken cocking lugs on
the percussion mechan ism.
9. Weak firing spring.
b. Failure of gun to load. Cause
1. Dirty round.
2. Dirty chamber.
3. Bulged round.4. Dirty breechblock
recess.5. Worn or broken
extractor lips.6. Bent or undersize rim
of round.7. Defective closing
mechanism.8. Burrs on bearing sur
faces of breechblock and breech ring.
9. Gun out of battery.
10. Weak closing spring.
28
Remedy1. Put lever on "Fire".2. Push gun into battery;
paragraph 18.3. Repair or replace.
4. Use a new round.5. Replace.
6. Replace.7. Replace.8. Replace.
9. Replace.
Remedy1. Remove round and
clean.2. Remove round and
clean chamber.3. Use a new round.4. Clean.
5. Replace.
6. Use a new round.
7. Repair or replace.
8. Report to Ordnance.
9. Put gun in battery, see paragraph 18.
10. Replace.
-
c. Failure of gun to extract.
Cause Remedy1. Broken extractor lips. 1. Pry or ram out empty
case and replace ex tractors.
2. Undersize or bent rim 2. Pry or ram out. of round.
3. Broken operating 3. Pry or ram out empty crank. case. Replace crank.
4. Broken operating lug. 4. Pry or ram out emptyround. Replace oper ating crank.
18. IMMEDIATE ACTION. The sequence following (trouble shooting) is done immediately after the gun fails to fire during combat, and repair or replacement of parts cannot be effected immediately, as can be done in gar rison.
a. Gun out of battery. (1) Push gun into battery by hand, relay, and fire.
(2) If gun still fails to fire, recock by hand (use board if necessary) and attempt to fire two times. If it does not fire, remove round to determine the cause of mis fire. (See AR 750-10)
(3) If gun will not go into battery by hand, fully depress muzzle. Slowly unscrew rear recoil drain plug, being careful not to remove it entirely. An excessive amount of oil might escape if the gun suddenly started back into battery. Allow oil to drain from around the plug until it will no longer flow from cylinder, then tighten filler plug and push gun back into battery by hand.
(4) If gun will not go into battery after checking recoil cylinder, check for dirt, burrs, and lack of lubri cation between the bearing surfaces of the recoil cylinder slides (rails) and sleigh guides. Clean, remove burrs, lubricate, reload, relay, and fire. (For a thor ough cleaning and inspection of these parts, unscrew
29
-
coupler key nut and remove coupler key; then pull barrel assembly to rear.) NOTE: It may be possible to continue gun in action by pushing it into battery each time. However, at the first opportunity the gun should be checked and repaired.
b. Gun in battery. (1) Breechblock not closed.(a) Close it manually, relay, and fire.(b) If it will not close, see if ammunition is seated.
If ammunition will not seat, remove round, reload, relay and fire. If ammunition still will not seat, clean chamber, reload, relay, and fire.
c. Ammunition is seated. Check for broken or worn extractor and closing spring, replacing if necessary. Clean and lubricate bearing surfaces of breechblock if necessary.
(1) Breechblock is closed.(a) Recock piece. If cocking action shows that piece
is still cocked (indicated by no resistance other than the cocking lever plunger spring), examine for bent or broken trigger arm, and for malfunction of trigger actua tor mechanism. Replace parts if possible, relay and fire. If trigger mechanism is not defective, remove firing spring retainer and check for weak or broken firing spring.
(b) If cocking action indicates that the sear lug has been released from the sear shoulder (indicated by heavy resistance to cocking action), relay and fire. If gun still fails to fire after twice repeating this action, remove percussion mechanism; clean, lubricate, replace defect ive parts, recock, relay, and fire.
(c) If gun fails to fire, unload, load with a new round, relay and fire.
(d) If cocking action shows that the sear lug will not remain engaged on the sear shoulder, disassemble breechblock, clean and replace defective parts.
30
-
Sect
ion
VI
MO
UN
TE
D A
CT
ION
19.
PR
EP
AR
E T
O F
IRE
. Th
e cr
ew b
eing
at
mou
nted
pos
ts, w
ith h
atch
es o
pen.
Tan
k C
omm
ande
rC
omm
and
PREP
AR
E TO
FIR
E.In
spec
t bo
re a
nd
cham
ber
of 3
7-m
m.
Hal
f-lo
ad
coax
ial
mac
hine
gun
.U
nloc
k tu
rret
tra
ve
rse
lock
.
Cle
an e
xter
ior
of
Gun
ner's
and
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r's
sight
s.
Gun
ner
Bow
Gun
ner
Che
ck s
olen
oids
and
Cl
ose
hatc
h; r
aise
man
ual
firin
g co
n-
and
clea
n pe
ri-tro
ls.
Hel
p lo
ad c
oaxi
alm
achi
ne
gun.
U
nloc
k gu
n tra
vel-
ing
lock
and
tur
ret
fric
tion
clam
p.
Wip
e of
f sig
hts.
Mak
e fie
ld c
heck
of
sigh
ts (
see
Par
41).
scop
e.
Rep
ort
"Rog
's ha
tch
clos
ed".
Unl
ock
bow
gun
tra
velin
g lo
ck.
Dri
ver
Clos
e ha
tch;
rai
se
and
clea
n pe
ri sc
ope.
Rep
ort
"Driv
er's
hatc
h cl
osed
".
Star
t au
xilia
ry
gene
rato
r.
-
toT
ank
Com
man
der
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT.
Gun
ner
Che
ck m
anua
l tra
ve
rse;
eng
age
pow
er t
rave
rse.
Turn
sta
biliz
er o
n if
situ
atio
n w
arra
nts.
Clos
e ha
tch.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy".
Bow
Gun
ner
Hal
f-lo
ad b
ow g
un.
Dri
ver
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy".
20.
DU
TIE
S IN
FIR
ING
. Ta
nk p
repa
red
to f
ire w
ith g
uns
load
ed.
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r G
unne
r B
ow G
unne
rG
ive
fire
orde
r as
pr
escr
ibed
in
FM 1
7-12
.R
eloa
d 37
-mm
gun
(e
xcep
t w
hen
ob
serv
ing
from
ope
n tu
rret
hat
ch).
Insp
ect
all
roun
ds
Fire
on
targ
ets
as
orde
red
by T
ank
Com
man
der.
Rel
oad
37-m
m g
un i
f
Fire
on
desi
gnat
ed
targ
ets
and
on e
m
erge
ncy
targ
ets
that
app
ear.
Whe
n no
t fir
ing,
ob
serv
e
Rep
ort
"Driv
er
Rea
dy". Dri
ver
Afte
r fir
e or
der
is is
sued
, av
oid
chan
ging
co
urse
an
d m
aint
ain
con
stan
t sp
eed
if m
ov
ing.
(S
teer
onl
y to
-
befo
re
load
ing,
an
d w
ipe
off
if ne
cess
ary.
03 w
Sign
al r
eady
by
tap
ping
.G
unne
r on
ba
ck.
Whe
n gu
nner
cal
ls
MIS
FIR
E,
chec
k th
at b
reec
h is
clos
ed a
nd g
un i
s in
bat
tery
. H
elp
Gun
ner
re-
cock
gun
.
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r is
obse
rvin
g fr
om
open
hat
ch,
or i
f he
is
in p
ositi
on
whe
re h
e ca
nnot
lo
ad.
in
assi
gned
se
ctor
.
If n
eces
sary
, ch
ange
re
coil
knob
set
ting.
Cal
l M
ISFI
RE
if
37-
mm
fai
ls
to f
ire.
Rec
ock
gun
and
fire.
If g
un f
ails
to
fire
afte
r tw
ice
repe
at
ing
this
act
ion,
see
Pa
r. 17
.
avoi
d ob
stac
les,
or
if ch
ange
of
dire
c tio
n is
orde
red;
av
oid
exce
ss s
teer
in
g or
sm
all
chan
ges)
. W
arn
Gun
ner
if ab
out
to p
ass
over
ro
ugh
grou
nd o
r if
abou
t to
cha
nge
cour
se b
y ca
lling
R
OU
GH
, or
C
HA
NG
ING
C
OU
RSE
.Se
lect
spe
ed w
hich
ca
n be
mai
ntai
ned
over
the
par
ticul
ar
terr
ain.
Whe
n ta
nk f
ires
from
st
atio
nary
pos
ition
, co
ntin
ue t
o ru
n en
gi
nes
unle
ss o
rd
ered
oth
erw
ise.
-
jjf
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r W
hen
Gun
ner
calls
ST
OPP
AG
E, r
e du
ce s
topp
age
in
coax
ial
mac
hine
gu
n.
Fire
coa
xial
m
achi
ne g
un a
t G
unne
r's c
omm
and
if so
leno
id f
ails
to
oper
ate.
Fi
re a
nti
airc
raft
mac
hine
gu
n. C
ontr
ol D
rive
r ov
er i
nter
phon
e.
Gun
ner
Cal
l ST
OPP
AG
E if
coax
ial
mac
hine
gu
n fa
ils t
o fir
e.
Not
ify T
ank
Com
m
ande
r w
hen
to
fire
coax
ial
ma
chin
e gu
n in
cas
e so
leno
id f
ails
to
oper
ate.
Dur
ing
lulls
in
firin
g,
obse
rve
in a
ssig
ned
sect
or.
Bow
Gun
ner
Dri
ver
21.
TO
SE
CU
RE
GU
NS.
Gun
ner
Tan
k C
omm
ande
rC
omm
and
CEA
SEFI
RIN
G,
SECU
REG
UN
S.
Cle
ar c
oaxi
al M
G,
unlo
ad 3
7-m
m g
un,
fron
t.in
spec
t bo
re a
nd
Tur
n of
f fir
ing
clos
e br
eech
. L
ower
pe
risco
pes,
open
hat
ch.
Bow
Gun
ner
Tra
vers
e tu
rret
to
Cle
ar B
ow M
G.
switc
h.T
urn
off
pow
er t
ra
vers
e, e
ngag
e
Lock
bow
gun
tra
ve
ling
lock
.Lo
wer
per
isco
pe,
open
hat
ch.
Dri
ver
Tur
n of
f au
xilia
ryge
nera
tor.
Low
er
peri
scop
e,op
en h
atch
. R
aise
sea
t to
con
voy
posi
tion.
-
Ref
ill 3
7-m
m r
eady
ra
cks.
Dis
pose
of
empt
y ca
rtri
dge
case
s.Lo
ck t
urre
t tr
a ve
rsin
g lo
ck.
If
situ
atio
n pe
rmits
, or
der
Bog
to
swab
bo
re.
man
ual
trave
rse.
T
urn
off
stab
ilize
r;en
gage
man
ual
ele
vatin
g ge
ar.
Ope
n ha
tch.
H
elp
refil
l 37
-mm
read
y ra
cks.
Hel
p di
spos
e of
empt
y ca
rtri
dge
case
s.Lo
ck f
rictio
n cl
amp.
Lo
ck g
un t
rave
ling
lock
. M
ake
field
che
ck o
fsi
ghts
.
Dis
pose
of
empt
y ca
rtri
dge
case
s.
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy".
If s
o or
dere
d, d
is-
Put
on t
ape
mou
nt,
swab
bor
e,
muz
zle
cove
rs.
and
rem
ount
. Pu
t on
bow
mac
hine
gun
tape
muz
zle
cove
r.
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy".
Rep
ort
"Dri
ver
Rea
dy"
-
22. TO LOAD AMMUNITION. Wipe off, load and stow 37-mm gun ammunition with great care to avoid burring the rotating band, or denting the case. (See TM 9-1900). Different lots should be segregated. During periods between firing, ammunition is restowed to the most accessible racks. Test each round of ammunition by loading in gun.
23. TO LOAD ALL WEAPONS, a. The tank gun is loaded on order; this is normally the fire order, but some types of action will dictate loading prior to the appearance of the target. Machine guns are clear until the command PREPARE TO FIRE, when they are half-loaded. When the fire order is given, however, or the unit is deployed for combat, all machine guns are fully loaded. This does not necessarily apply to the AA gun, which is elevated and half-loaded as the tactical situation demands.
b. When the tank commander is not in a position to load (observing from the top of the turret), he com mands LOAD SHOT (HE). At the command the gun ner loads as directed.
36
-
Sec
tion
VII
DIS
MO
UN
TE
D A
CT
ION
24.
TO
FIG
HT
ON
FO
OT
TH
RO
UG
H H
AT
CH
ES,
a.
C
rew
bei
ng
at m
ount
ed
post
s,
hatc
hes
open
.N
OTE
: In
al
l dr
ills
whi
ch
incl
ude
man
ning
of
subm
achi
ne g
un,
it is
assu
med
tha
t th
e ta
nk i
s eq
uipp
ed w
ith f
our
subm
achi
ne
guns
M3.
The
refo
re,
whe
n th
e ca
l .3
0 M
G
is no
t di
smou
nted
to
figh
t on
foo
t, al
l cr
ew m
embe
rs w
ill d
ism
ount
with
sub
mac
hine
gun
M
3, p
lus
a su
bmac
hine
am
mun
ition
cas
e co
ntai
ning
six
30-
roun
d cl
ips.
Tan
k C
omm
and
er
Gu
nn
erC
omm
and
PREP
AR
E TO
FIG
HT
ON
FO
OT
.O
rder
dis
trib
utio
n of
Pro
cure
gr
enad
es
as
gren
ades
. or
dere
d.D
isco
nnec
t br
eak-
D
isco
nnec
t br
eak
away
plu
gs.
away
plu
gs.
Secu
re s
ubm
achi
ne
gun
and
amm
uni
tion
carr
ying
cas
e.
Bow
Gu
nn
er
Proc
ure
gren
ades
or
dere
d.D
isco
nnec
t br
eak
away
plu
gs.
Cle
ar b
ow g
un (
if lo
aded
).
Dri
ver
as
-
00T
ank
Com
man
der
Com
man
d D
IS
MO
UN
T.D
ism
ount
with
sub
m
achi
ne g
un a
m
mun
ition
and
bi
nocu
lars
.
Dis
mou
nt tr
ipod
8, la
y in
fro
nt o
f ta
nk.
Pick
up
two
boxe
s ca
l .3
0 am
mun
i tio
n.Le
ad c
rew
to
MG
po
sitio
n.
Gun
ner
Dis
mou
nt t
o re
ceiv
e sp
are
parts
rol
l an
d sp
are
bolt
as
sem
bly
from
dr
iver
.R
ecei
ve t
hree
box
es
cal
.30
amm
uni
tion;
pla
ce i
n fr
ont
of t
ank.
Rec
eive
bow
MG
fr
om B
og.
Bow
Gun
ner
Dri
ver
Pass
thr
ee b
oxes
cal
.3
0 am
mun
ition
to
Gun
ner.
Dis
mou
nt b
ow g
un
and
pass
it
to
Gun
ner.
Dis
mou
nt f
rom
tan
k,
pick
up
tripo
d an
d on
e bo
x ca
l .3
0 am
mun
ition
.
Pass
spa
re p
arts
rol
l an
d sp
are
bolt
as
sem
bly
to G
unne
r.
Rem
ain
in ta
nk;
driv
e it
to c
once
alm
ent.
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
.M
ove
to t
urre
t; co
n ne
ct
brea
kaw
ay
plug
s to
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r's c
on
trol
box.
Mai
ntai
n co
ntac
t w
ith P
lato
on
Lead
er.
-
Supe
rvis
e fir
ing
of
Mou
nt g
un.
Mou
nt t
ripod
. M
an A
A o
r 37
-mm
M
G;
cove
r gu
n gu
n fr
om t
urre
t, as
cr
ew w
ith s
ub-
situ
atio
n de
man
ds,
mac
hine
gun
.M
an g
un a
s #2
. M
an g
un a
s #1
.°M
ake
sure
pin
tle a
nd e
leva
ting
mec
hani
sm a
re i
n tr
ipod
cas
e.If
not
, B
og o
btai
ns t
hem
fro
m s
pare
par
ts b
ox a
nd p
asse
s to
Gun
ner.
b. T
he d
ism
ount
ed c
rew
mov
es t
o th
e po
sitio
n in
dica
ted
by t
he t
ank
com
man
der,
or
in d
rill
as i
ndic
ated
in
figur
es 1
2 an
d 13
. Th
e cr
ew
mem
bers
ta
ke
post
s an
d pe
rfor
m
dutie
s of
the
cre
w o
f a
grou
nd m
ount
ed m
achi
ne
gun
as
pres
crib
ed
for
gun
drill
in
FM
23-
55.
c. In
com
bat
it is
assu
med
tha
t th
e ta
nk w
ill b
e m
oved
to
a co
ncea
led
posi
tion
if po
s si
ble,
bef
ore
the
crew
dis
mou
nts.
T
he d
rive
r re
mai
ns i
n th
e ta
nk,
mov
es i
t to
con
ceal
m
ent,
and
man
s th
e an
tiair
craf
t m
achi
ne g
un o
r ta
nk c
anno
n as
the
situ
atio
n de
man
ds.
25.
TO
RE
MO
UN
T F
RO
M A
CT
ION
TH
RO
UG
H H
AT
CH
ES.
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r G
unne
r B
ow G
unne
r D
rive
rC
omm
and
OU
T O
F A
CTI
ON
, M
OU
NT.
Supe
rvis
e ta
king
MG
Dis
mou
nt g
un.
Fold
tr
ipod
, la
y tri
- ou
t of
act
ion.
po
d an
d ca
l .3
0am
mun
ition
-box
in
fron
t of
tan
k.
-
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r
Stra
p tr
ipod
on
tank
fe
nder
.
Mou
nt t
o tu
rret
, ta
king
sub
mac
hine
gu
n an
d am
mun
i tio
n.C
onne
ct b
reak
away
pl
ugs.
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT.
Gun
ner
Pass
bow
MG
to
Bog.
Pass
sp
are
part
s ro
llan
d bo
lt as
sem
bly
to D
river
. Pa
ss 3
box
es c
al .
30am
mun
ition
to
Bog
.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
ay
plug
s.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy".
Bow
Gun
ner
Tak
e m
ount
ed p
ost.
Rec
eive
bow
MG
an
d m
ount
it.
Rec
eive
and
sto
w 3
bo
xes
cal
.30
am
mun
ition
fr
om
Gun
ner.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
ay
plug
s.
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy"
Dri
ver
Res
ume
mou
nted
po
st.
Rec
eive
and
sto
w
spar
e pa
rts
roll
and
bolt
asse
mbl
y.
Con
nect
bre
akaw
ay
plug
s.
Rep
ort
"Dri
ver
Rea
dy".
-
MOVES INTO TURRET, AFTER
TANK I
S CONCEALED,
GU
NN
ER—
No.
2BO
W
MAC
HIN
E G
UN
j SP
ARE
PAR
TS
RO
LL,
BOLT
ASS
EMBL
Y.
TANK
CO
MM
ANDE
RBO
W G
UNNE
R - N
o. 1
SUBM
ACH
INE
GU
N,
6 C
UP
S C
AL.
.4
5 A
MM
UN
ITIO
N;
S BO
XES,
CA
L.
.30
AM
MU
NIT
ION
; BI
NO
CU
LAR
S.M
ACH
INE
SUN
TR
IPO
D;
i BO
X C
AL.
.30
AM
MU
NIT
ION
.
Fig
ure
12.
Dis
mou
nted
act
ion,
cre
w f
orm
ed f
or d
rill
(ta
nk c
om
man
der
inst
ruct
ing)
.
-
Fig
ure
13.
Pos
ts o
f di
smou
nted
cre
w i
n ac
tion
.
-
26.
AC
TIO
N I
N C
ASE
OF
FIR
E. a
. Fi
re i
n en
gine
com
partm
ent.
The
first
cre
w m
em
ber
to d
isco
ver
the
fire
calls
EN
GIN
E F
IRE
-
Gun
ner
Bow
Gun
ner
Driv
erTa
nk
Com
man
der
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
Rec
eive
"sp
eed"
w
renc
h fr
om
Bog.
Dis
mou
nt t
o re
ar o
fta
nk;
open
eng
ine
door
s w
ith w
renc
h.
Rec
eive
ext
ingu
ishe
rfr
om G
unne
r,st
and
by to
use
it in
case
fix
ed e
xtin
gu
ishe
r do
es n
otpu
t ou
t fir
e.
b. F
ire i
n tu
rret
or
driv
er c
ompa
rtmen
t. Th
e fir
st c
rew
mem
ber
to d
isco
ver
the
fire
calls
TU
RR
ET (
HU
LL)
FIR
E. T
he t
ank
is st
oppe
d an
d en
gine
s sh
ut o
ff. F
ire e
xtin
guis
h er
s ar
e pa
ssed
to
men
nea
rest
fire
and
oth
er c
rew
mem
bers
hel
p th
em i
n an
y w
ay p
os
sibl
e to
ext
ingu
ish
the
flam
e. T
he t
urre
t is
trave
rsed
in a
ny d
irect
ion
whi
ch w
ill a
id c
rew
to
rea
ch f
ire w
ith e
xtin
guis
hers
.
Pull
fixed
fire
ext
in
guis
her
cont
rol
hand
le.
Rec
eive
han
d ex
tin
guis
her
from
Bog
.R
elay
han
d ex
tin
guis
her
to T
ank
Com
man
der.
Rem
ain
at p
ost
for
furth
er o
rder
s.
Dis
conn
ect
brea
k aw
ay p
lugs
Pass
"sp
eed"
wre
nch
Stop
eng
ines
, (fr
om
tool
box
) to
Ta
nk
Com
man
der.
Pass
han
d ex
tin
guis
her
to
Gun
ner
in t
urre
t.
Dis
mou
nt;
go t
o re
ar R
emai
n at
pos
t fo
r of
tan
k an
d as
sist
furth
er o
rder
s. Ta
nk
Com
man
der.
-
27. TO ABANDON TANK. If it becomes necessary to abandon tank, the crew proceeds as in paragraph 10, 24, or 26, with the following changes or additions:
a. Time permitting deliberate action, the tank com mander displays the flag signal DISREGARD MY MOVEMENTS, and supervises the disabling of those weapons which remain in the tank. Backplates are re moved from machine guns and the percussion mecha nism from the tank gun. All similar spare parts are also removed. Individual weapons and maximum possible ammunition loads are carried. The driver dismounts in order with the rest of the crew.
b. Ordinarily the tank is abandoned as a result of a direct hit which either causes it to catch fire or disables it so 'that it becomes a vulnerable target. There may be a time interval of as little as five seconds in which the crew can escape without further injury. At the command ABANDON TANK, crew members throw open hatches, climb out, jump to the ground and take cover at a safe distance from the tank. It is particularly important in case of fire to hold the breath until clear of the vehicle. Inhaling the fumes and smoke of the fire may injure the lungs and will at least incapacitate the individual for a time.
28. ADVICE TO INSTRUCTORS, a. Disciplined and ef fective dismounted action requires long and arduous drill. Satisfactory results are obtained only by painstak ing repetition of each movement.
b. Training in dismounted action is undertaken in the field rather than in the tank park. Crews are required to dismount to fight on foot on all types of terrain and under every variety of simulated combat conditions with full loads of ammunition. Rough terrain compli cates the problem of dismounting from the escape hatch and develops ingenuity and physical agility not possible in tank park training.
c. Instructors explain and demonstrate to tank crews how necessary to their safety and success in combat is a
44
-
high state of training in dismounted action. They must point out that dismounted action from disabled tank taken under small arms fire usually is practicable only from the escape hatch, and that skill and practice in use of the escape hatch will pay dividends. The escape door is kept clean and well lubricated so that its release is immediate and positive. Frequent inspection of the mechanism is made by the tank commander to see that the locking rods are not bent.
29. PARK AND BIVOUAC PRECAUTIONS, a. Always have a guide when moving a tank in park or bivouac.
b. Keep at least 10 feet in front of tank and to one side of its path when directing the tank forward or backward in park or bivouac.
c. Walk, do not run while guiding a tank.d. Mount and dismount without using tube of gun as
a hand hold, or breech end of gun as a foot hold in en tering turret.
45
-
Section VIII
EVACUATION OF CASUALTIES FROM TANKS
30. GENERAL, a. The drill prescribed in the following paragraphs is for use in training crew members so that any two of them may evacuate casualties with maximum efficiency. A tank disabled by an enemy projectile may expect another hit without delay. When ammunition is ignited, evacuation must be effected in a few seconds. Therefore speed, rather than care in handling, is the primary consideration in removing a casualty from a tank.
b. Evacuation of casualties is undertaken only:(1) When the tank is disabled.(2) When the position of the casualty in the tank pre
vents the crew from functioning.(3) At the rallying point.
After evacuation, the casualty may be carried to a pro tected area where emergency first-aid is administered.
31. METHODS AND DEVICES. Not more than two men can work effectively at a single hatch opening. If the man nearest the casualty is unhurt, and tactical con siderations permit, he can help by remaining inside and improvising a sling (made up of pistol belts, waist belts, or field bag straps, see FM 17-80), or by moving the casualty to a position where he can be grasped from above and then aid in boosting him out. However, speed will usually dictate that the casualty be grasped by his clothing or by his arms for removal (figures 14 and 15). If there are injuries which will be aggravated by such methods, and time permits, some form of sling may be improvised to relieve that part from further injury (figure 16).
46
-
Figure 14. Evacuation of bog with arms crossed.
Figure 15. Evacuation of bog down front slope plate.
47
-
Figure 16. Evacuation of gunner with two pistol belts.
32. TO EVACUATE GUNNER (TANK COM MANDER). Crew being at mounted posts. (Note: The duties of No. 1 and No. 2 of evacuation team are inter changeable. The first man to realize the situation as sumes the initiative as No. 1).
No. 1 No. 2 Command EVACUATE
GUNNER (TANK COMMANDER)
Throw first-aid kit (kept in accessible spot in turret) to ground.
Mount to top of turret. Pass pistol belt to No. 1.
Mount to top of turret.
Slip pistol belt under eacharm of gunner.
Lift casualty throughhatch.
Lift casualty through hatch.
48
-
No. 1
Lower casualty to left sponson (or protected side, if tank is disabled).
Jump to ground; support lower portion of body as casualty is moved off tank.
Carry casualty to a pro tected area.
Report location and condi tion of casualty.
No. 2Hold body in a sitting po
sition on hatch cover.Lower casualty to left
sponson (or protected side if tank is disabled).
Jump to ground; support upper portion of body as casualty is moved off tank.
Help No. 1 carry casualty to a protected area.
33. TO EVACUATE BOG (DRIVER). Crew being at mounted posts.
No. 1Command: EVACUATE
BOG (DRIVER).Descend through turret
opening into Bog com partment, if necessary to open locked hatch cover.
Throw out first-aid kit.
No. 2
Move to Bog hatch opening.
Cross arms of casualty; pull one arm through hatch as No. 2 pulls on other arm.
Turn body to face rear ward as it is lifted out.
Straddle 37-mm gun, fac ing rearward.
Pull one arm of casualty through hatch as No. 1 pulls on other arm.
Turn body to face rear ward as it is lifted out.
Rest body in a supported position on rim of hatch opening.
49
-
No. 1Jump to ground in front of
tank; support trunk of body as it falls backward over forward slope of tank.
Carry casualty to a pro tected area.
Report location and condi tion of casualty.
No. 2Allow body to fall back
into No. 1's arms. Make sure legs are freed from hatch opening.
Jump to ground; support lower portion of body as it is carried to a protect ed area.
NOTE: In case a large man is to be evacuated, one man of team may have to enter vehicle and assist from the inside.
50
-
Section IX
INSPECTIONS AND MAINTENANCE
34. GENERAL, a. The tank commander is responsible for seeing that all inspections are made. He receives re ports from the various crew members relative to their individual inspections, and he indicates in his report anything requiring the service of maintenance person nel. In supervising first echelon maintenance he uses his discretion in delegating additional responsibilities to other crew members.
b. Inspection covers all personal equipment and wea pons, vehicle equipment and weapons and mechanical features of the vehicle. In combat it includes a check of the application of protective cream by the crew mem bers. Checks of instruments, lights, siren, track, sus pension system, and engine performance are made in accordance with provisions of the appropriate technical manual; the driver fills in his Driver's Report indicating required maintenance work. The Driver's Report should be carefully and thoroughly prepared. Any irregularity noted and entered on the report, which is not repaired before the tank is used again, should be re-entered on the report continually until it has been properly taken care of.
51
-
CN to35
. B
EFO
RE
OPE
RA
TIO
N I
NSP
ECTI
ON
. Ta
nk
lock
ed
and
cove
red
with
ta
rpau
lin.
(NO
TE:
For
train
ing
purp
oses
, th
e in
spec
tion
is di
vide
d in
to f
our
phas
es,
each
pha
se b
e in
g co
mpl
eted
by
all
crew
mem
bers
bef
ore
the
next
pha
se i
s be
gun.
Cre
w m
embe
rs u
se
tool
s as
nee
ded
and
repo
rt an
d co
rrec
t de
ficie
ncie
s as
fou
nd).
PH
ASE
A
Gun
ner
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r
Com
man
d FA
LL I
N:
PREP
AR
E FO
R
INSP
ECTI
ON
.In
spec
t cr
ew.
Com
man
d PE
R
FOR
M B
EFO
RE
OPE
RA
TIO
N
IN
SPEC
TIO
N.
Supe
rvis
e in
spec
tion.
H
elp
rem
ove
tar
paul
in.
Fill
out
trip
ticke
t du
ring
insp
ectio
n.In
spec
t ou
tsid
e M
ount
and
unl
ock
equi
pmen
t. ta
nk.
Bow
Gun
ner
Dri
ver
Stan
d in
spec
tion.
St
and
insp
ectio
n.
Stan
d in
spec
tion.
Hel
p re
mov
e an
d R
emov
e an
d fo
ld t
ar-
fold
tar
paul
in.
paul
in (
3' x
6')
Che
ck f
or w
ater
, fu
el L
ay t
arpa
ulin
to
and
oil
leak
s rig
ht o
f ta
nk,
arou
nd a
nd u
nder
' ta
nk.
-
Rec
eive
an
d as
sem
bl
e ra
mm
er s
taff
fr
om B
og a
nd M
G
clea
ning
rod
and
ra
gs f
rom
gu
nner
.
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT.
Ope
n tu
rret
hat
ches
; en
ter
turr
et.
Che
ck t
hat
turr
et
guns
are
cle
ar.
Mov
e to
Driv
er's
com
part
men
t; un
lo
ck D
river
's an
d B
og's
hatc
hes.
Pass
MG
cle
anin
g ro
d an
d ra
gs t
o T
ank
Com
man
der.
Pass
too
ls o
ut t
o D
river
.R
ecei
ve a
nd s
tow
gu
n co
vers
; cl
ear
bow
gun
s.St
ow b
reec
h co
vers
.O
pen
fuel
shu
t-off
va
lve.
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy".
Che
ck r
adia
tors
and
R
emov
e ca
nnon
muz
- fu
el t
anks
for
leve
l. zl
e co
ver,
and
bow
gu
n co
ver.
Pass
ram
mer
sta
ff t
o Ta
nk
Com
man
der.
Che
ck f
inal
driv
es f
or
oil
leve
l.
Rec
eive
too
ls f
rom
G
unne
r.Pa
ss g
un c
over
s to
G
unne
r.La
y to
ols
on t
ar
paul
in a
nd c
heck
th
em.
(Fig
ure
17).
Rep
ort
"Bog
Rea
dy".
01 COR
epor
t "D
rive
r R
eady
".
-
Figure 17. Vehicular tools furnished each light tank (see SNLG-103). (The number and position of tools for a formal inspection
is a command decision.)
1. Bag, tool2. Bars, utility (2)3. Chisel, maehs, hand, cold4. Extension, socket wrench, plain, 10"5. Files, A.S., 6" & 8" (2)6. Fixture, track connecting and link pulling w/handle
(commonly called "track jack")7. Gun, lubr., pressure, hand8. Hammer, machs, ball peen, 32 oz9. Handle, cross extension, socket wrench, 8"
10. Handle, hinged socket wrench, 12", w/crossbar11. Handle, socket wrench, offset, dble-end12. Handle, "T", sliding, socket wrench13. Joint, universal, socket wrench14. Pliers, comb., slip-jt, 8"15. Pliers, side-cutting, fl-nose, 8"16. Ratchets, reversible, socket wrench, 9" (2)17. Screwdrivers, including one non-magnetic for Pioneer
compass (5)18. Sockets, 1/2" sq-drive, dble-hex, 7/16" to 3/8" (9)19. Wrench, adj., sgle-end, 8"20. Wrench, adj., rgle-end, 12"21. Wrench, brake, socket, w/liandle22. Wrenches, engrs, dble-hd, 5/16" to 1-3/8" (7)23. Wrenches, socket head set screws, 1/8" hex to 3/4"
hex (10)24. Wrench, trailing idler wheel nut & track adjusting25. Wrench, socket, speeder
54
-
PH
ASE
B
Tan
k C
omm
ande
rC
omm
and
PER
FO
RM
PH
ASE
B.
Ass
ist
Gun
ner
in
sigh
t ad
just
men
t.
Gun
ner
Mak
e si
ght
adju
st
men
t. Se
e pa
ragr
aph
42.
Swab
bor
e of
all
guns
. O
pen
gun
bree
ch.
Put
tape
muz
zle
cov-
Che
ck f
ollo
win
g:
ers
on a
ll gu
ns.
Coa
xial
and
AA
MG
and
adj
ust
head
spac
e.
37-m
m
amm
uni
tion.
Cal
.30
am
mun
i tio
n.37
-mm
and
MG
m
ount
s (c
lose
br
eech
).
Bow
Gun
ner
Che
ck w
ith D
rive
r th
at m
aste
r sw
itch
is of
f.O
pen
engi
ne c
om
part
men
t do
ors.
Che
ck f
ollo
win
g:
Tri
gger
typ
e oi
lca
n.E
ngin
e oi
l le
vels
. E
ngin
e co
mpa
rt
men
t fo
r w
ater
, oi
l an
d fu
el
leak
s.A
cces
sorie
s an
d dr
ives
for
ad
just
men
t an
d se
cu
rity.
Dri
ver
Ent
er D
river
's se
at.
Che
ck t
hat
mas
ter
switc
h is
off.
Insp
ect
and
chec
k fo
llow
ing:
B
atte
ry.
Oil
cans
and
oil
for
vehi
cle.
T
rans
fer
unit
and
diff
eren
tial
oil
leve
l. St
eerin
g le
vers
,pa
rkin
g br
akes
. Tr
ansm
issi
on a
ndtr
ansf
er l
ever
sfo
r op
erat
ion.
-
OI
05T
ank
Com
man
der
Com
man
d R
EPO
RT
.
Gun
ner
Tan
k C
omm
ande
r C
omm
and
PER
FO
RM
PH
ASE
C.
Insp
ect
righ
t tr
ack
and
susp
ensi
onsy
stem
. D
irec
t D
rive
r to
mov
e fo
rwar
d on
eta
nk l
engt
h.
Che
ck r
ight
sup
port
ro
llers
, bo
gie
Rep
ort
"Gun
ner
Rea
dy". Gun
ner
Bow
Gun
ner
Air
clea
ners
and
co
nnec
tions
.C
lose
eng
ine
com
pa
rtm
ent
door
s.
Rep
ort
"Bog
R
eady
".
Dri
ver
Aux
iliar
y ge
nera
tor
oil
leve
l. ..
Star
t ge
nera
tor;
ch
eck
oper
atio
n.
Rep
ort
"Driv
er
Rea
dy".
PHA
SE C
Che
ck f
ollo
win
g:
Oil
in t
urre
t re
ser
voir.
Oil
can
and
stab
ili
zer
oil.
All
firi
ng c
ontro
ls.
• B
ow G
unne
r D
rive
rN
otify
Dri
ver
to s
tart
Whe
n no
tifie
d by
en
gine
s.
Bog