fluid power application - 008 pneumatics
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Fluid PowerApplication(Pneumatics System)
Hydraulics & Pneumatics KMD3133
By,
Mohd Darnalis A.Rahman
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Learning ObjectivesUpon completing this chapter, students should be able to:
1. Apply the perfect gas laws to determine the interactions ofpressures, volume, and temperature of a gas.
2. Describe the purpose, construction, and operation ofcompressors.
3. Explain the purpose and operation of fluid conditioners,including filters, regulators, lubricators, mufflers, and air
dryers.4. Describe the purpose, construction, & operation of various
pneumatics pressure control valves, flow control valves, anddirectional control valves.
5. Discuss construction and operation of pneumatic cylinders.
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Introduction Pneumatics system utilize pressurized gases
to transmit & control power.
Medium air
Reasons safe, low-cost, & readily available.
Reasons of adopting pneumatics rather thanhydraulics is,1. Liquid weight2. Liquid viscosity3. No special reservoir needed (return air)4. Less leak5. Less expensive6. Compressed air can be stored
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Introduction However, compressibility of air makes it impossible
for the system to obtain precise movement &
velocities. Pneumatics system using compressor to supply air.
Typically of piston, vane or screw type.
Basically compressor increases the pressure byreducing the volume as described by the perfect gaslaw.
Air can be stored in a tank since air is compressibleand supplied using pipes to various locations. (suchas electrical system).
Air are then regulated, filtered, & treated whichprevents wear of the closely fitting moving parts ofpneumatic components
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Introduction Pneumatic working pressure
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Properties of Air
Air is actually a mixture of gases,
1%
21%
78%
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Other Gases (Carbon Dioxid e, Argon)
4%
96%
Air Water Vapou r
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Properties of Air
Out of 100% of air contains up to 4% of water
vapor depending on the humidity of air.
On sea level, atmosphere exert pressure of
14.7 psia (101 kPa absolute).
Air is not readily compressible but its volume
will vary to fill the vessel containing it.
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Properties of Air
Pressure & Altitude Relations
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Properties of Air
Absolute Pressure & Temperatures
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Properties of Air
The Perfect Gas Law
1. Boyles Law
2. Charles Law
3. Gay-Lussacs Law
4. General Gas Law
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Boyles Law
States that, If the temperature of gas held constant
The volume will change inversely with thepressure.
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Charles Law
States that, If the pressure of gas held constant
The volume will change proportional with thetemperature.
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Gay Lussacs Law
States that, If the volume of gas held constant
The pressure will change proportional with thetemperature.
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General Gas Law
States that, When, Boyles, Charles& Gay Lussacs are combined into a
single general gas law Defined, as having all three gas parameter (Pressure,
Temperature & Volume) None of them are held constant during process If either T, p, or V are held constant, the general gas law
reduces to Boyles, Charlesor Gay Lussacs law repectively.
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Compressors Compresses air or another type of gas a
low inlet pressure (usually atmospheric)to a higher desired pressure level.
Accomplished by reducing the volume ofthe gas.
Air compressors generally positive displacement units either
piston type.
Reciprocating piston type or the rotary screwor rotary vane types..
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PistonCompressors
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PistonCompressors
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Air Service Unit(Fluid Conditioner)
On delivery, on the outlet side; the air is then
flowed into a FRL unit to remove contaminants,regulate working pressures, and finally for
lubrication purpose.
Air from atmosphere contains moisture which
can lead to of lubrication problems. Air dryers
are needed to remove undesirable moisture.
Mufflers are used to reduce noise induced by
the exhaust of gas.
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Air Filter
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Air Regulator
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Lubricator
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FRL Unit
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Air Control Valves
Pressure regulators
Check valve
Shuttle valve
Directional valve
Flow control valve
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Pressure Regulator
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Check Valve
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Shuttle Valve
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Pneumatic Rotary Actuators
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Rotary Air Motors
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Thank you
Next class, pneumatics circuit diagram &
analysis.