flow electrification in micro-porous filters t. v. prevenslik 14b, brilliance court discovery bay,...
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Flow electrification in Micro-porous FiltersT. V. Prevenslik14B, Brilliance CourtDiscovery Bay, Hong Kong1
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Flow ElectrificationConcept: EDL and Convection of impurity ions 1950 EDL and Zeta potential (van der Minne) 1960 ... Ion Concentration and EDL (Gavis) Steady source of impurity ions? Electrochemical energy Verification? 1980 No Reaction Products (Touchard & Romat)1996 No Reaction Products (Touchard & Radke) 2002 No Reaction Products (Nelsen) Electrochemical source never verified 2
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EDL and z - PotentialThe EDL based on the z potential OK to disperse colloids, but not ionization of impurities, 3For oils, z ~ 2500 V/m and lD~ 10 mm, I ~ 0.0285 eV. But OLOA calcium based detergents ionization potential I > 3 eV, and therefore:
Flow has an unknown source of EM energy at least greater than 100 x z potential.Propose the unknown EM energy is cavity QED induced EM radiation.
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EDL in Filters Gavis & Wagner4dCharged Impurity ImpurityLe-e-e-e--D(22 mm)(0.1- 0.15 mm)(0.05 0.8 mm)
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EDL in filters same as pipe? Gavis did not perform EDL analysis, as in piping, because he found the streaming current uncorrelated with filter length Ldischarge cannot occur within the pores at all. Rather, it must occur on the crenellated front surfaces of the filter disk, facing the flow, before the liquid enters the pores themselves. EDL in the pores not EM energy source5
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Consider Bubbles in Filter Surface6
Chart3
e-
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Sheet5
0.0030
0.0040
0.0050
0.0060
0.0070
0.0080
0.0090
0.010.0000000001
0.0200.00000000020.0000000004
0.0300.00000000050.000000001
0.0400.000000000900.000000002
0.0500.00000000140.0000000001
0.060.00000000010.00000000210.0000000006
0.070.00000000010.00000000290.000000002
0.080.00000000010.00000000380.00000000490
0.090.00000000020.00000000480.00000001010.0000000001
0.10.00000000020.00000000590.00000001840.0000000003
0.1250.00000000030.00000000930.00000005780.0000000025
0.150.00000000040.00000001350.00000013290.0000000113
0.1750.00000000060.0000000184
0.20.00000000080.0000000241
0.2250.0000000010.0000000305
0.250.00000000120.0000000377
Sheet5
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B
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Velocity - v - m/s
Streaming Current - IS - amps
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hn
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hn
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Photon
Photon
Uncharged impurities
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Impurities
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Gap
Sheet2
11-1
1.50.6666666667-0.6666666667
20.5-0.5
2.50.35-0.4
30.3-0.3333333333
40.27-0.25
50.3-0.2
60.32-0.1666666667
70.35
80.35
90.35
Sheet2
2Ro
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Bubble
Particle
d
L
e-
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Sheet6
Sheet6
CL
RL
CL
RL
CL
RL
CL
RL
IS
V,IC
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Pore Wall
Hydrocarbon Flow
L
Filter Surface
Sheet7
Sheet7
Inlet surface
d
Charged Impurity
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Impurity
Flow
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EM energy in bubblePenetration Depth eStanding VUV wave7
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Cavity QED Induced EM RadiationLow frequency IR radiation is suppressed in a high EM resonant frequency QED cavity.Suppressed IR radiation is a loss of EM energy.The EM energy loss is gained as Planck energy in the wall of the QED cavity at its resonant EM frequency.The Planck energy at VUV levels excites atoms and molecules in the wall of the QED cavity to produce photons and electrons.8
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IR Energy Suppressed Spherical Bubble9
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Conservation of EM energy 10
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Average Planck Energy Water (Absorption of n-Heptane not available)11
Chart1
0.3601161665
1.640831758
4.6115702479
8.1364829396
5.7823834197
Bubble radius - R - nm
Avg. Planck energy - eV
Sheet1
103.00E+062.50E+003.60E-011.53E+111.96E+07
201.40E+075.00E+001.64E+003.44E+082.00E+05
404.50E+071.00E+014.61E+004.54E+067.42E+03
701.25E+081.75E+018.14E+002.63E+057.58E+02
1009.00E+072.50E+015.78E+001.02E+062.08E+03
1207.00E+073.00E+014.64E+002.54E+064.17E+03
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wavelength - nm
Absorption - a - m-1
Sheet2
0
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Bubble radius - R - nm
Avg. Planck energy - eV
Sheet3
00
00
00
00
00
00
Numer of Ar Atoms
Ar atoms
VUV photons
SuSL
Bubble radius - R - nm
Number of VUV photons
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No. of VUV Photons Water (Absorption data of n-Heptane not available)12
Chart2
153440707282.764
343551276.99097
4542360.18094459
263174.653641774
1016031.95932112
2539723.37073305
VUV photons
SuSL
Bubble radius - R - nm
Number of VUV photons
Sheet1
103.00E+062.50E+003.60E-011.53E+111.96E+07
201.40E+075.00E+001.64E+003.44E+082.00E+05
404.50E+071.00E+014.61E+004.54E+067.42E+03
701.25E+081.75E+018.14E+002.63E+057.58E+02
1009.00E+072.50E+015.78E+001.02E+062.08E+03
1207.00E+073.00E+014.64E+002.54E+064.17E+03
Sheet1
0
0
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0
0
Wavelength - nm
Absorption - a - m-1
Sheet2
0
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Bubble radius - R - nm
Avg. Planck energy - eV
Sheet3
00
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00
00
00
00
Numer of Ar Atoms
Ar atoms
VUV photons
SuSL
Bubble radius - R - nm
Number of VUV photons
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Flow Gavis Deduction13Gaviss deduction
Chart1
CL
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CL
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CL
RL
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IS
V,IC
IL
Pore Wall
Hydrocarbon Flow
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Filter Surface
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Impurities
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Photon
Photon
Uncharged impurities
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Impurities
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Gap
Sheet2
11-1
1.50.6666666667-0.6666666667
20.5-0.5
2.50.35-0.4
30.3-0.3333333333
40.27-0.25
50.3-0.2
60.32-0.1666666667
70.35
80.35
90.35
Sheet2
L
d
dc
V
Low Pressure Gap d
Vena Contracta
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Sheet6
Sheet6
CL
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RL
CL
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CL
RL
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V,IC
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Pore Wall
Hydrocarbon Flow
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Filter Surface
Sheet7
Sheet7
Outlet
Inlet surface
L
d
Charged Impurity
Electron
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Outlet
Inlet surface
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Electron
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Impurity
Flow
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Charge Density14
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Charge Density 15
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Fitting of Data The data could not be fit to the filter length L = 0.1 to 0.15 mm. Only if L ~ 9 mm was a reasonable fit found.The filter diameter D ~ 22 mm. The filter radius D/2 ~ 11 mm. Thus, the fit is consistent with flow parallel to the filter surface rather than through the pores as correctly deduced by Gavis.16
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Streaming Current 17
Chart1
0.0030.0030.0030.0030
0.0040.0040.0040.0040
0.0050.0050.0050.0050
0.0060.0060.0060.0060
0.0070.0070.0070.0070
0.0080.0080.0080.0080.0000000001
0.0090.0090.0090.0090.0000000001
0.010.010.010.010.0000000001
00.00000000020.020.020.0000000005
00.00000000050.030.030.0000000012
00.000000000900.040.0000000022
00.00000000140.00000000010.050.05
0.00000000010.00000000210.00000000060.060.06
0.00000000010.00000000290.0000000020.070.07
0.00000000010.00000000380.000000004900.08
0.00000000020.00000000480.00000001010.00000000010.09
0.00000000020.00000000590.00000001840.00000000030.1
0.00000000030.00000000930.00000005780.00000000250.125
0.00000000040.00000001350.00000013290.00000001130.15
0.00000000060.00000001840.1750.1750.175
0.00000000080.00000002410.20.20.2
0.0000000010.00000003050.2250.2250.225
0.00000000120.00000003770.250.250.25
B
A
E
H
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Velocity - v - m/s
Streaming Current - IS - amps
Sheet5
0.0030
0.0040
0.0050
0.0060
0.0070
0.0080.0000000001
0.0090.0000000001
0.010.0000000001
0.0200.00000000020.0000000005
0.0300.00000000050.0000000012
0.0400.000000000900.0000000022
0.0500.00000000140.0000000001
0.060.00000000010.00000000210.0000000006
0.070.00000000010.00000000290.000000002
0.080.00000000010.00000000380.00000000490
0.090.00000000020.00000000480.00000001010.0000000001
0.10.00000000020.00000000590.00000001840.0000000003
0.1250.00000000030.00000000930.00000005780.0000000025
0.150.00000000040.00000001350.00000013290.0000000113
0.1750.00000000060.0000000184
0.20.00000000080.0000000241
0.2250.0000000010.0000000305
0.250.00000000120.0000000377
Sheet5
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B
A
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Velocity - v - m/s
Streaming Current - IS - amps
Sheet4
Sheet4
N2
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N2
N2
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hn
Space
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Photon
Photon
Uncharged impurities
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Impurities
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Gap
Sheet2
11-1
1.50.6666666667-0.6666666667
20.5-0.5
2.50.35-0.4
30.3-0.3333333333
40.27-0.25
50.3-0.2
60.32-0.1666666667
70.35
80.35
90.35
Sheet2
2Ro
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+
+
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Bubble
Particle
d
L
e-
e-
e-
e-
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Sheet6
Sheet6
CL
RL
CL
RL
CL
RL
CL
RL
IS
V,IC
IL
Pore Wall
Hydrocarbon Flow
L
Filter Surface
Sheet7
Sheet7
Inlet surface
d
Charged Impurity
e-
Impurity
Flow
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Sheet3
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Conclusions EDL in pores not source of EM energy Source of EM energy is cavity QED induced EM radiation in bubble nucleation. Impurities in bubbles are excited to produce charged particles and electrons. The streaming current follows the van der Minne relation. 18
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Future Paper on EDL Steady uniform light emission over large area of flowThe evacuated gap between flow and channel surfaces (not a EDL) is likely source of the steady light emission.No idealized Stern layer and idealized EDL charge distribution. Anyone trying to actually measure the phenomenon [flow electrification] realizes that it is too elusive to be explained by the EDL Keilab, 2000.19
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Proposed MechanismPenetration Depth eStanding VUV wave20WallhuLine of PipeSymmetryFlow is steadily recharged by cavity QED induced EM radiation. e-e-e-